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\"The objectives of the Shammakh to Ayl Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan project were: to discover, record, and interpret archaeological sites in an area of approximately 590 km 2 between Shammakh in the north and Ayl in the south in the southern segment of the Transjordan Plateau; to determine the area's settlement patterns from the Lower Paleolithic (ca. 1.4 mya) to the end of the Late Islamic period (AD 1918); to investigate the Pleistocene (as late as ca. 10,000 B.C.) sediments and lakes in the eastern segment of the survey territory; to document the many farms, hamlets, and villages that provisioned the major international sites of the area, for example, Ash-Shawbak, Petra, and Udhruh; to investigate further the Khatt Shabib or Shabib's Wall, a low stone wall running in a generally north-south direction through the area; to record the inscriptions, rock drawings, and wasms (tribal brands) within the area; and to link up with previous work that the project director and others have carried out in southern Jordan. These objectives were accomplished by the transecting of 108 random squares and the documenting of 366 sites that range in date from the Lower Paleaolithic to the end of the Late Islamic period. Analysis of the materials, primarily lithics and sherds, collected in the random squares and at the sites indicate that the area experienced its highest density of population during the Middle Paleolithic, Neolithic/Chalcolithic, Iron II, Nabataean and Roman, Byzantine, and Late Islamic periods. Relative to the settlement patterns of the area, it can be concluded that the area was a rural one where the chief activities were agriculture and pastoralism. The many farms, hamlets, villages, and camp sites documented show that the area most probably provisioned, during various archaeological periods, the major international sites of the area. The project has particular relevance for understanding the major site of Petra during the Nabataean, Roman, and Byzantine periods. In addition, it is important relative to the site of Udhruh during these three periods plus the Early and Late Islamic periods and the site of ash-Shawbak, located immediately to the north of the project's territory, during the Middle Islamic period. Finally, the project contributed to the writing of the archaeological history of southern Jordan from Wadi al-Hasa in the north to Ras an-Naqab in the south and from the desert on the east to the international border between Jordan and Israel on the west\"--Amazon.com.

Although its scale and social implications depend on the specific country or local situations, squatting is a global urban and rural phenomenon associated with such humanitarian issues as social justice, poverty and environmental impact, as well as economic issues, such as rent seeking by certain groups. It can be sporadic or massive. The state appears to deal with the former by implementing legal rules and the latter with social policies. With regard to the economic gains and costs of allowing squatting, it can be argued that squatter policies, which confer some entitlements on squatters, are akin to the doctrine of adverse possession in equity through recognising the benefits of long-term possession of land. Surveying and mapping as a key tool in the regulation of squatters in this context may or may not be carried out, contrary to common belief. This paper demonstrates, with documented real-world examples from Australia and China, that the state surveying of massive urban or rural squatting on government land is contingent on the benefits and costs of tolerating squatting. The discussion is related to the transfer of development rights (TDR) as a practicable inclusive policy in the context of a global drive towards land assembly for real estate development, which squatters often obstruct.

The quality of topographic datasets plays a key role in deriving terrain model and hydraulic simulation. In developing countries, data-sparse regions and most parts of the world, accessing to high-quality datasets is almost impossible and topographic maps with a specific scale should be used to derive the geometry of river bed and floodplains. For these areas, understanding the effects of map scale on the costs of land surveying/river projects and flood inundation mapping may lead to an appropriate flood modeling and reduce huge amounts of financial resources. This research addresses the effect of using topographic maps with different scales on the hydraulic properties and focuses on using the relationship between topographic map scale, the costs of land surveying and hydraulic properties. The results from the three river reaches (SojasRood and SafaRood rivers in Zanjan and Mazandaran provinces, respectively and Sarbaz river in Sistan-Baluchistan province, Iran) used in this study show that in small-scale rivers (SojasRood and SafaRood rivers), the effect of topographic map’s scale on water surface elevation (WSE) isn’t meaningful up to 1:4000 (4 K) map scale, while in the case of Sarbaz river WSE is approximately scale independent (even up to 1:10000 (10 K) map) and there is no considerable discrepancy between low and high-quality maps in predicting this important variable. For example, in SojasRood river the mean absolute error (MAE) in simulation of WSE for low-quality maps (5 K and 6 K maps) varies between 0.79 m and 1.78 m, while for high-quality maps (1 K, 2 K and 3 K) it restricts to only 0.25 m. Also, in the case of Sarbaz river, for maps with the scale of higher than 5 K (high resolution maps) the maximum values of MAE and RMSE statistics limit to 0.13 m and 0.16 m, respectively. Moreover, findings demonstrate that using the topographic maps with the scales of 2 K and 7 K instead of high quality maps (1 K and 2 K maps in small-scale rivers and Sarbaz river, respectively as base maps) lead to the same geometric model and the mean relative error (MRE) in simulating inundation extents is lower than 10%. These outcomes clearly indicate that by accepting some reasonable errors the low quality maps, that are cost-effective and not time-consuming, can be considered as alternative maps for flood simulation in low budget projects. Furthermore, assessing the costs of ground surveying shows that it highly depends on the scale of topographic maps and by using low quality instead of high quality maps the costs of topographic maps’ production significantly decreases. In addition, changes in hydraulic properties due to using these maps are not considerable when compared to the significant saved financial resources.

The preconditions and general directions of inter economic land surveying in the modern conditions of Ukrainian in accordance to the perspectives of peer land exchange implementation have been analyzed. The measures, implementation of which is advisable based on peer land exchange as the key mechanism have been singled out and substantiated. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, the main types of documentation for land management, which may provide the peer land exchange are defined.  Land exchange is a common way of streamlining existing land ownership and land use in domestic and foreign practice. In particular, an equivalent exchange is often aimed at regrouping a significant amount of land use in order to optimize their structure. At the present time, the coordination of the interests of landowners in the process of optimizing the multitude of land uses of settlements is of particular relevance. For example, there is a need to locate facilities that have environmental and social significance, improvement and changing boundaries of land management objects at different levels. In the context of certain tasks, given the legally defined issue of exchange agreements concluding, the settlement of the land exchange process requires a technical justification.

2022 Dear Land Surveyors, Minister for the Environment and Spatial Planning, Uroš Brežan, Mayor of Velenje, Peter Dermol, Director of the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, Tomaž Petek, distinguished guests from abroad and Slovenia, and all other friends of land surveying, allow me to warmly greet you here at the 50th Land Surveying Day in Velenje. All the suggested solutions have not yet taken root in practice, but the issues are being successfully resolved; the state mapping authority starts with regional workshops for chartered engineers in October. Dear guests of the Land Surveying Day, let me announce the beginning of our expert meeting, which will be concluded by a Ceremonial Academy today, and with a relaxed social event tomorrow.

[...]of political developments and systems, it is essential that decisions be based on professional norms. With the environment and space being two essential elements that influence each individual and society as a whole, it should be holding a much more important position in society. Land surveying is based on space records, while environmental content and records often remain neglected. [...]the field opens a window of opportunity that hasn't been used yet; and the responsible ministry is well aware of that.

The expression 'meeting point' nicely embraces the zeal and the pride that permeate land surveying; 'to meet' also signifies to fulfil, to satisfy, to achieve while 'a point' can be an idea, an opinion that is worth serious consideration. [...]events are an opportunity for land surveyors to call attention to the historical and everyday significance of our profession for society; to the fact that easily accessible modern technology does not mean everything is imaginary and somewhere out there as it might seem at first glance; to the fact that the origin point of land surveying dates back on the historical timeline. Nowadays, in the era of modern communication technology, meetings are even more critical as we have forgotten about the pristine human contact that usually begins and ends with a firm handshake.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized land surveying, by determining position coordinates with centimeter-level accuracy in real-time or up to sub-millimeter accuracy in post-processing solutions. Although low-cost single-frequency receivers do not meet the accuracy requirements of many surveying applications, multi-frequency hardware is expected to overcome the major issues. Therefore, this paper is aimed at investigating the performance of a u-blox ZED-F9P receiver, connected to a u-blox ANN-MB-00-00 antenna, during multiple field experiments. Satisfactory signal acquisition was noticed but it resulted as >7 dB Hz weaker than with a geodetic-grade receiver, especially for low-elevation mask signals. In the static mode, the ambiguity fixing rate reaches 80%, and a horizontal accuracy of few centimeters was achieved during an hour-long session. Similar accuracy was achieved with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) if a session is extended to at least 2.5 h. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Network RTK measurements achieved a horizontal accuracy better than 5 cm and a sub-decimeter vertical accuracy. If a base station constituted by a low-cost receiver is used, the horizontal accuracy degrades by a factor of two and such a setup may lead to an inaccurate height determination under dynamic surveying conditions, e.g., rotating antenna of the mobile receiver.

For anyone who has looked at a map of the United States and wondered how Texas and Oklahoma got their Panhandles, or flown over the American heartland and marveled at the vast grid spreading out in all directions below, American Boundaries will yield a welcome treasure trove of insight. The first book to chart the country’s growth using the boundary as a political and cultural focus, Bill Hubbard’s masterly narrative begins by explaining how the original thirteen colonies organized their borders and decided that unsettled lands should be held in trust for the common benefit of the people. Hubbard goes on to show—with the help of photographs, diagrams, and hundreds of maps—how the notion evolved that unsettled land should be divided into rectangles and sold to individual farmers, and how this rectangular survey spread outward from its origins in Ohio, with surveyors drawing straight lines across the face of the continent. Mapping how each state came to have its current shape, and how the nation itself formed within its present borders, American Boundaries will provide historians, geographers, and general readers alike with the fascinating story behind those fifty distinctive jigsaw-puzzle pieces that together form the United States.

Allow me to welcome you on behalf of the main organisers, the Association of Surveyors of Slovenia and the Gorenjska Society of Surveyors, and the co-organizers, the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering - the Department of Geodetic Engineering; the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia; the Geodetic Institute of Slovenia; the Section of Land Surveyors at the Slovenian Chamber of Engineers; and the Economic Interest Grouping of Surveying Contractors. Today we have gathered at a special event dedicated to something that is often invisible, but at the same time present in the everyday life of every individual - a measure. [...]of where and who we are, we use the same measuring unit, which unifies us as a global community that shares common values and goals.