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\"How does one put into words the rage that workers feel when supervisors threaten to replace them with workers who will not go to the bathroom in the course of a fourteen-hour day of hard labor, even if it means wetting themselves on the line?\"-From the PrefaceIn this gutsy, eye-opening examination of the lives of workers in the New South, Vanesa Ribas, working alongside mostly Latino/a and native-born African American laborers for sixteen months, takes us inside the contemporary American slaughterhouse. Ribas, a native Spanish speaker, occupies an insider/outsider status there, enabling her to capture vividly the oppressive exploitation experienced by her fellow workers. She showcases the particular vulnerabilities faced by immigrant workers-a constant looming threat of deportation, reluctance to seek medical attention, and family separation-as she also illuminates how workers find connection and moments of pleasure during their grueling shifts. Bringing to the fore the words, ideas, and struggles of the workers themselves,On The Lineunderlines how deep racial tensions permeate the factory, as an overwhelmingly minority workforce is subject to white dominance. Compulsively readable, this extraordinary ethnography makes a powerful case for greater labor protection, especially for our nation's most vulnerable workers.

This study analyzes the Latino Pastoral Narrative as a productive attempt to humanize immigrant Latina/o workers in Kentucky, who are often criminalized in legislation and xenophobic discourses across the United States. Select contemporary cultural texts employ this discourse to make a case for the incorporation and acceptance of backstretch workers based on their dedication to horses and appreciation for nature in Kentucky, therefore situating Latina/o workers as vital to the horseracing industry. This analysis also addresses the limitations of this narrative in its assumptions about the types of labor naturally suited to Latinas/os in relation to racial, classed and gendered divisions of labor.

Desde una perspectiva que considera a los migrantes como una parte sustancial de las sociedades, Migración. Desafíos y oportunidades en América Latina ofrece un análisis profundo del impacto de este fenómeno en individuos y poblaciones de la región. El libro destaca especialmente las dinámicas de inclusión y exclusión, poniendo de relieve las dificultades que enfrentan los migrantes debido a políticas o culturas excluyentes. Enfocándose en el asentamiento como un desafío cada vez más complejo para las sociedades contemporáneas, la obra propone ampliar la perspectiva de integración. Esta expansión busca comprender las migraciones en su diversidad, dimensiones y conexiones transnacionales, abordando tanto los ajustes en asentamientos permanentes como las dinámicas de inclusión y exclusión asociadas con procesos migratorios contemporáneos.Escrito por destacados expertos de Colombia, Chile y México, este libro ofrece una mirada fresca y esencial para quienes buscan comprender los retos y las oportunidades en el panorama migratorio de la región.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, governmental agencies expanded safety net programs to ameliorate profound economic suffering. However, structural challenges excluded many low-income, immigrant, and racially minoritized communities, deepening inequities. Promotores/as and community-based organizations (CBOs), whose models focus on addressing structural drivers of inequities, were vital to communities navigating these challenges. This analytic essay examines how terminating pandemic-related funding strained CBOs and the communities they serve. Through a case study of a midsized promotores/as model CBO, we analyze practice-based qualitative and quantitative data, alongside a qualitative study of COVID-19 promotores/as models. Findings illuminate a dual postpandemic benefits cliff. As pandemic benefits expired, individuals once again faced the economic hardships that had been temporarily alleviated. Simultaneously, heightened demands on CBOs, along with reduced funding and resources, threatened their ability to meet community needs. Findings indicate the importance of coalition-building for structural transformation and governmental and nongovernmental support of promotores/as models and CBOs to promote health equity. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(11):1824–1835. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308154 )

Although the health risk to farmworkers of working in hot conditions is recognized, potential for excessive heat exposure in housing affecting rest and recovery has been ignored. We assessed heat index in common and sleeping rooms in 170 North Carolina farmworker camps across a summer and examined associations with time of summer and air conditioning use. We recorded dangerous heat indexes in most rooms, regardless of time or air conditioning. Policies to reduce heat indexes in farmworker housing should be developed.

Latinas in the United States are more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer (BC) compared to non-Latinas. Literacy-appropriate and culturally sensitive cancer communication interventions can help address existing racial/ethnic BC disparities. We formatively developed a new BC prevention brochure for Spanish-speaking Latinas (≥35 years). Eligible women (n = 240) from a large public hospital in California were randomly assigned to one of three study arms: Group 1 received the new brochure, Group 2 included a community health worker (CHW) who delivered the new brochure’s content, and a control group received a standard educational brochure. Participants completed three surveys (baseline, postintervention, 3-month follow-up) with a 100% completion rate for the first two surveys and 80.4% completion after 3 months. We assessed the difference in outcomes for BC risk knowledge, perceived BC susceptibility, and BC information self-efficacy between groups. Participant mean age was 52.3 years, and 82.1% reported low English proficiency. Mean knowledge scores increased and perceived BC susceptibility improved for all groups (p ≤ .05), yet treatment effects were not significant between groups for these outcomes. BC information self-efficacy also increased from baseline to postintervention for all groups to >80%. After 3 months, only Group 2 and the control group retained their increases and treatment effects were significant only for Group 2 compared to other groups in unadjusted and adjusted models. A CHW-delivered intervention may be more effective in improving BC information self-efficacy among Latinas compared to print material alone. More research is needed to examine the efficacy of CHW-delivered interventions.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which stands as one of the most significant public health and economic crises of the past century, drew attention to \"essential workers\" who could not isolate at home, including at least 10 million immigrants without US citizenship.1 Early in the pandemic, essential workers, especially Latinos, were found to be at significantly higher risk of dying than other workers.2 Given that disproportionate numbers of essential workers and Latino adults are noncitizens, immigration status may be an important but underexamined factor of their heightened mortality risk. For nearly four decades, the federal government has prohibited the employment of undocumented immigrants.8 Coupled with inadequate labor protections, state-sanctioned discrimination, increasing law enforcement violence, persistent poverty, language barriers, and ongoing anti-immigrant rhetoric,3,5 noncitizens live in an environment hostile to their well-being. The exclusion of noncitizens has been embedded in the US immigration system since the introduction of the first immigration law in 1790, which barred non-White immigrants from naturalization-a practice that took more than 150 years to abolish.8 This racist system continues to negatively affect the health of noncitizens-about 80% of whom are persons of color-by systematically restricting the entry of certain groups into the country (historically nonEuropeans), deporting those who are already here (disproportionately Latino immigrants), and denying many their fundamental human rights, including the right to health.5 Most undocumented immigrants are barred from federally funded health insurance, and even many documented immigrants face exclusions based on their visa, years in the United States, and state of residence.10 Alongside the federal exclusions to labor protections and health care discussed here, undocumented immigrants face an increasing threat of deportation. In 2024, about 40% of undocumented immigrants had some form of deportation reprieve because of pending asylum claims, parole, or other temporary authorizations that allowed them to live and work in the country (often because of persecution or unsafe conditions in their home countries)4 Disturbingly, the Trump administration has threatened to revoke many of these protections, placing millions at renewed risk of deportation- often without due process-as it attempts to expand its deportation authority at the expense of judicial oversight.11 Although deportation itself destabilizes families, leading to financial instability, mental distress, and long-term health sequelae for the person deported and the family remaining in the United States, it also creates immediate fear and anguish within the broader community.12 Consequently, many noncitizens, particularly undocumented immigrants, are reluctant to access health care and safety net programs for themselves and their children.12 Against this backdrop of federal oppression, several states and localities have made efforts to introduce immigrant-inclusive policies.

Latino immigrants living in the United States were highly vulnerable to the health and economic consequences brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the conceptual framing of workplace dignity, worth that is acknowledged based on performance of job responsibilities, to explore Latino immigrants’ experiences during the early months of the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted with La Clínica del Pueblo (La Clínica), a community health center serving low-income Latino immigrants. From June to December 2020, we conducted in-depth video interviews with 29 Latino immigrant clients to explore pandemic-related challenges, including workplace changes, discriminatory experiences, and effects on health. We conducted thematic analysis using Dedoose software. Nearly half of participants were undocumented immigrants. Most participants were unemployed or underemployed due to the pandemic and 26–49 years of age; one-third were still working, and one-quarter were 50 years or older. About half were cisgender women and two were transgender women. Employed participants experienced a lack of dignity through being socially isolated and stigmatized at work; receiving no compensation for their extra labor or for sick leave; and experiencing discriminatory labor practices. Unemployed participants experienced a lack of dignity in being the first to lose their jobs without government support; losing self-esteem; and not being rehired. Participants associated denial of dignity with worsening health conditions and increased anxiety and depression. Our study suggests that denial of workplace dignity—through job loss, underemployment, and poor working conditions—is linked to adverse health outcomes for Latino immigrants. More research should recognize workplace dignity as an important social determinant of health.