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Gender, informal institutions and political recruitment : explaining male dominance in parliamentary representation
2013
01
02
Parliaments around the world are still overwhelmingly populated by men, yet studies of male dominance are much rarer than are studies of female under-representation. In this book, men in politics are the subjects of a gendered analysis. How do men manage to hold on to positions of power despite societal trends in the opposite direction? And why do men seek to cooperate mainly with other men? Elin Bjarnegård studies how male networks are maintained and expanded and seeks to improve our understanding of the rationale underlying male dominance in politics. The findings build on results both from statistical analyses of parliamentary composition worldwide and from extensive field work in Thailand. A new concept, homosocial capital, is coined and developed to help us understand the persistence of male political dominance.
16
02
The readers of the book on Gender, Politics and Institutions by Krook and Mackay (2011, Palgrave Macmillan) should be interested in this book, since it speaks with the same institutional language, but delves deeper into how institutions actually work in specifically gendered ways. It adds a gendered perspective to the growing neo-institutionalist literature on informal institutions, exemplified in Informal Institutions & Democracy by Helmke and Levitsky (2006, John Hopkins University Press). Readers of The Handbook of Studies on Men and Masculinity, edited by Kimmel, Hearn and Connell (2005, Sage Publications) have probably noted the absence of political studies.
13
02
ELIN BJARNEGÅRD is Assistant Professor at the Department of Government, Uppsala University, Sweden. Her research interests include Informal institutions, Gender issues and Thai Politics.
02
02
In this book, men in politics are the subjects of a gendered analysis with Elin Bjarnegård exploring how male networks are maintained and expanded, seeking to improve our understanding of the rationale underlying male dominance in politics. The role of informal institutions in unpredictable political settings are explored.
08
02
'This fascinating new book broadens our horizons in a number of ways. It firstly challenges us to think about male dominance rather than female under-representation in politics, using a range of methods and data derived from detailed empirical research. Second it develops a concept of homosocial capital and uses it in novel ways to to give us significant new insights into the gendered impact of clientelism and informal institutions on candidate selection. This book is an important addition to the gender and politics scholarship and deserves to be widely read.' Georgina Waylen, Professor of Politics, University of Manchester, UK 'The relation between gender equality, corruption and clientelism in democratic governance is as important as it is fascinating. In this theoretically sophisticated and empirically impressive work, Elin Bjarnegård presents a novel understanding not only for why male dominance in democratic politics can be reproduced through clientelistic network, but also how the specific mechanisms between informal power and democratic representation operate' Bo Rothstein, August Röhss Chair in Political Science, Göteborg University, Sweden. 'Throwing fresh light on the age-old puzzle of male dominance in elected office, this book provide a new theoretical framework by developing the concept of homosocial capital, often known as 'old boys networks', which are particularly useful for men seeking to get ahead in countries with clientalistic politics. Drawing upon evidence from global trends, the study also utilizes insights drawn from in-depth case-study of Thai politics. The clear, informative and illuminating study gives new insights into the challenges which need to be overcome to achieve gender equality in elected office' Pippa Norris, Mcquire Lecturer in Comparative Politics John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA and ARC Laureate Fellow and Professor of Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney, Australia
31
02
This book explains male dominance in politics by focusing on the role of informal institutions in political recruitment
04
02
Upholding Male Parliamentary Dominance Revisiting Patterns Of Gendered Representation Structure Of The Book Studying Men And Masculinities In Politics Constructing Homosocial Capital Clientelism And Unpredictability Clientelism As A Likely Producer Of Homosocial Capital Clientelism And Male Dominance Institutional Enablers Of Clientelism Combining Methods The Quantitative Approach The Qualitative Approach The Representation Of Men Worldwide Capturing Clientelism – Measuring The Immeasurable? The Models, Data And Operationalizations Clientelism And Male Parliamentary Dominance Results And Implications Of The Quantitative Study Situating The Thai Case The Thai Gender Paradox Democratic Instability In Thailand Informal Influence Assessing The Clientelist Political Logic The Thai Case: Clientelism And Male Dominance Candidate Selection In Thai Political Parties The Importance Of Candidate Selection The Rules Of The Game Who Decides? Summarizing Thai Candidate Selection Clientelist Networks And Homosocial Capital The Role And Function Of Clientelist Networks Network Maintenance And Homosocial Capital Theorizing Homosocial Capital The Gendered Consequences Of Clientelist Competition The Added Value Of Homosocial Capital Concluding Remarks A Summary Of The Findings The Contributions Of The Book Interviews References Notes
19
02
The book addresses an old topic in a new way: gender and politics here means male dominance in politics. The book explains how men have managed to hold on to political power rather than why women are stil largely absent The book combines a statistical analysis of over 400 elections worldwide, with an indepth analysis of localized political networks in Thailand (based on 150 interviews). This combination of methods in one and same book, addressing one and the same research question, is very rare The book launches a new concept: homosocial capital. This concept has a wide applicability across many fields and draws from literature on social capital and homosociality. It is used to explain and rationalize the tendency of men to interact with other men in order to preserve power It is one of few works on Thai politics that focuses on gender. It also ties gender inequalities together with the political turbulence in Thai politics The book takes a new look at democratization and shows that semi-democracies often are weak, both in terms of institutional strengths and gender equality
Regulation of new disruptive technologies
2024
PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsRegulation of emerging disruptive technology will usually involve challenges that include the widespread adoption, rapid pace of technological developments and shortage of time. More incremental legislation is favored by new digital enterprises. This can help address the misalignment between regulated digital markets and these emerging firms.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Journal Article
Faith in Politics
2021,2023,2020
Roy Herron graduated with highest honors from the University of Tennessee at Martin, then studied New Testament and Ethics in Scotland before earning Divinity and Law degrees from Vanderbilt University. But he came home to West Tennessee and served the Volunteer State in both the Tennessee House and Senate. For four decades, Herron served as a legislator, attorney, teacher, and Methodist minister. In that work, he published op-ed essays and articles in Tennessee's leading newspapers and publications from The Japan Times to The Wall Street Journal on various topics including constitutional liberties, economic justice, health care, politics, and more.This informative volume collects the most powerful of these writings, adding helpful updates and contemporary insights. With an engaging, conversational style, Herron addresses voter ID laws, drunk-driving statutes, women's rights and many recurring, contemporary issues. Whether describing the challenges facing his elderly mother as she attempted to exercise her right to vote, or the struggles of working women and men facing illnesses without health insurance, Herron demonstrates an earnestness and thoughtfulness all too rare in politics.These nearly fifty essays and articles provide evidence that Herron's Democratic Party and Christianity are not mutually exclusive. Indeed, Herron describes how faith brought him to politics and to fighting for justice, jobs, and constitutional freedoms for all citizens. Faith at Work is a veritable guidebook on how faith and spirituality should affect decision making and advocacy in public life.ROY HERRON was a Tennessee State Representative from 1987 to 1997 and State Senator from 1997 to 2013. He wrote Things Held Dear: Soul Stories for My Sons and God and Politics: How Can a Christian Be in Politics? He coauthored, with Cotton Ivy, Tennessee Political Humor: Some of These Jokes You Voted For. He lawyers and writes in West Tennessee and Nashville.
National Gender Policy: Have the State Houses of Assembly in Southeast of Nigeria mainstreamed Gender Statistics in the Recruitment of Principal Officers?
by
Obianagwa, Christopher E.
,
Ifem, Louiemarie A.
,
Ugwuozor, Samuel I.
in
Affirmative action
,
Cultural identity
,
Economic development
2024
The Nigerian National Gender Policy (NGP) adopted in December, 2006 was designed to integrate women fully into the national development processes by eliminating all gender-based barriers. The extant literature focused largely on identifying the socio-cultural and economic limitations to women’s participation in the dialectical processes of political competition. The existing studies have not been adequately framed within the context of NGP in Nigeria. Objectively, the study was designed to ascertain if the NGP has led to achievement of gender parity in the business of lawmaking at the State Houses of Assembly in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, the study examined the effect of NGP on the recruitment of female lawmakers as principal officers across the five State Houses of Assembly in the Southeast (SE) geopolitical zone of Nigeria, from 2011 to June, 2023. The study found that the implementation of NGP did not increase the number of female lawmakers recruited as principal officers in the State Houses of Assembly in the SE geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Arising from the findings, the study recommends, among others, the need for legislation on a quota system (affirmative action) that reserves a fraction of legislative seats for women in order to enhance their participation in key decisions on issues that affect women, girls and children.
Journal Article
Listening to regulators about the challenges in regulating emerging disruptive technologies
by
Galhardo, José Antonio Gouvêa
,
de Souza, Cesar Alexandre
in
Adoption of innovations
,
Algorithms
,
Artificial intelligence
2024
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Brazil and the strategies regulators use to address them.
Design/methodology/approach
It is an empirical qualitative research on Brazil’s three administrative levels, focusing on the legislative houses’ specialised Science and Technology Committees. It combines archival analysis of public meeting records with elite interviews of parliamentarians and technocrats who participated in Public Hearings in 2019, which results in this paper analysed through the Theory of Communicative Action with a critical stance.
Findings
The research reveals that regulatory challenges gain new dimensions by involving discussions about emerging ICT. Factors such as time constraints, rapid technological evolution and widespread adoption compound these challenges, straining the preference for the incremental pace of regulation and the traditional model of specialised regulatory agencies. The research captures some regulators’ values, underlying concerns and perceived necessities for surmounting these challenges. It also outlines the preferred process for ICT regulation, revealing parliamentary assistants and executive intermediate-level specialists as gateways for interest groups’ action.
Social implications
The study's findings highlight the crucial role of specific actors as gateways to the covert action of interest groups, particularly Big Tech firms. This contribution is significant as it empowers civil society and academia to monitor and mitigate the risk of regulatory capture, thereby promoting a more transparent and equitable regulatory environment.
Originality/value
This research is original in directly engaging with the key figures (lawmakers, legislative assistants and specialised bureaucrats) involved in the critical and timely issue of regulating emerging disruptive technologies.
Journal Article
Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil
2003
Ambition theory suggests that scholars can understand a good deal about politics by exploring politicians' career goals. In the USA, an enormous literature explains congressional politics by assuming that politicians primarily desire to win re-election. In contrast, although Brazil's institutions appear to encourage incumbency, politicians do not seek to build a career within the legislature. Instead, political ambition focuses on the subnational level. Even while serving in the legislature, Brazilian legislators act strategically to further their future extra-legislative careers by serving as 'ambassadors' of subnational governments. Brazil's federal institutions also affect politicians' electoral prospects and career goals, heightening the importance of subnational interests in the lower chamber of the national legislature. Together, ambition and federalism help explain important dynamics of executive-legislative relations in Brazil. This book's rational-choice institutionalist perspective contributes to the literature on the importance of federalism and subnational politics to understanding national-level politics around the world.
The Resilience of Law: A Measure to Tackle the Ineffectiveness of Law
by
Neira-Pinedaº, Juan Camilo
in
aspiraciones constitucionales
,
aspirações constitucionais
,
Changes
2024
This article proposes a new idea about the so-called “resilience of laws,” designed to protect the effectiveness of laws against any change, whether social, legal, political, economic, or otherwise. Laws may initially be effective but become ineffective afterwards, to the detriment of society, given the shock produced by those changes. As a result, the article imposes new expectations on legislators and judges, who should provide society with both effective and resilient laws. The resilience of laws comprises two features: i) static resilience, i.e., the ability of the law to resist the shock caused by a previous change, and ii) dynamic resilience, i.e., the capacity to recover the effectiveness of law once it has been shocked and to prevent a future scenario of ineffectiveness. The article explains how legislators and judges must consider previous challenging changes and shocks to prevent ineffectiveness in the future; this is aimed at having resistant laws against changes.
Journal Article
Kenyatta : do not wait your turn
by
Kenyatta, Malcolm
,
Helwig, Derek
,
Harris, Timothy
in
Biographical films
,
Biography
,
Documentary films
2024
From Executive Producer Al Roker, Kenyatta is part love story and part political thriller about Malcolm Kenyatta's historic run for the US Senate. But this race is about more than taking on the political competition; it's about taking on an entire system.
Streaming Video
Gender and political careers in Latin America: the gap in lawmaker longevity
2021
This article analyses Latin American women MPs’ prospects of developing a legislative career that can grant them a stable pathway within parliament. Based on data for 18 Latin American countries from the Latin American Elites project (PELA-USAL), a range of different determinants are tested that potentially impact parliamentarians’ longevity: ambition and dedication, political career, political party and the sociodemographic characteristics of the MPs themselves. For female members of parliament, ta comparison is made of the relative importance of factors that the literature on gender has found to be significant. The findings reveal that parliamentary careers are gendered, as the factors that affect the likelihood of continuing in office differ between male and female lawmakers.
Journal Article
More Than You Wanted to Know
2014
Perhaps no kind of regulation is more common or less useful than mandated disclosure-requiring one party to a transaction to give the other information. It is the iTunes terms you assent to, the doctor's consent form you sign, the pile of papers you get with your mortgage. Reading the terms, the form, and the papers is supposed to equip you to choose your purchase, your treatment, and your loan well.More Than You Wanted to Knowsurveys the evidence and finds that mandated disclosure rarely works. But how could it? Who reads these disclosures? Who understands them? Who uses them to make better choices?
Omri Ben-Shahar and Carl Schneider put the regulatory problem in human terms. Most people find disclosures complex, obscure, and dull. Most people make choices by stripping information away, not layering it on. Most people find they can safely ignore most disclosures and that they lack the literacy to analyze them anyway. And so many disclosures are mandated that nobody could heed them all. Nor can all this be changed by simpler forms in plainer English, since complex things cannot be made simple by better writing. Furthermore, disclosure is a lawmakers' panacea, so they keep issuing new mandates and expanding old ones, often instead of taking on the hard work of writing regulations with bite.
Timely and provocative,More Than You Wanted to Knowtakes on the form of regulation we encounter daily and asks why we must encounter it at all.