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Is Objectively Measured Sitting Time Associated with Low Back Pain? A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the NOMAD study
Studies on the association between sitting time and low back pain (LBP) have found contrasting results. This may be due to the lack of objectively measured sitting time or because socioeconomic confounders were not considered in the analysis.
To investigate the association between objectively measured sitting time (daily total, and occupational and leisure-time periods) and LBP among blue-collar workers.
Two-hundred-and-one blue-collar workers wore two accelerometers (GT3X+ Actigraph) for up to four consecutive working days to obtain objective measures of sitting time, estimated via Acti4 software. Workers reported their LBP intensity the past month on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 9 (worst imaginable pain) and were categorized into either low (≤ 5) or high (> 5) LBP intensity groups. In the multivariate-adjusted binary logistic regression analysis, total sitting time, and occupational and leisure-time sitting were both modeled as continuous (hours/day) and categorical variables (i.e. low, moderate and high sitting time).
The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive association between total sitting time (per hour) and high LBP intensity (odds ratio; OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.15-1.77, P = 0.01). Similar results were obtained for leisure-time sitting (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.10-1.91, P = 0.01), and a similar but non-significant trend was obtained for occupational sitting time (OR = 1.34, 95%CI 0.99-1.82, P = 0.06). In the analysis on categorized sitting time, high sitting time was positively associated with high LBP for total (OR = 3.31, 95%CI = 1.18-9.28, P = 0.03), leisure (OR = 5.31, 95%CI = 1.57-17.90, P = 0.01), and occupational (OR = 3.26, 95%CI = 0.89-11.98, P = 0.08) periods, referencing those with low sitting time.
Sitting time is positively associated with LBP intensity among blue-collar workers. Future studies using a prospective design with objective measures of sitting time are recommended.
Journal Article
What we really do all day : insights from the Centre for Time Use Research
Are we spending more time at work than we would have done fifty years ago? Are we sleeping less? How has the Internet affected the way we use our spare time? Everything we do happens in time, and a detailed look at our daily lives reveals some surprising truths about the social and economic structure of the world we live in. This book delves into the unrivalled data collection and expertise of the Centre for Time Use Research to explore 55 years of change in our activities and behaviour and what it means for us today.
Book
Germany. Germany leisure time
In Germany, the concept of leisure time, or frei zeit, is a unique one that dates back to the Middle Ages. For Germans, leisure time is synonymous with fulfillment and individual freedom. Germans work the least of all the industrialized nations and spend between 10 and 15 percent of their disposable income on leisure-time activities. Traveling is by far the number-one recreational activity. Other popular activities include sports, culture, and entertainment. For night owls, major German cities offer numerous bars, pubs, clubs, cabarets, and theaters. Germany also has a remarkable musical heritage, with over 200 orchestras and many famous opera houses. Local and regional festivals are very popular and a great way to experience local culture. Learn more about leisure time in Germany.
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Associations Between Leisure‐Time Physical Activity and Metabolomics‐Based Markers of Biological Aging in Late Midlife: Short‐Term and Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Physical activity (PA) may delay the onset of age‐related diseases by decelerating biological aging. We investigated the association between leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolomics‐based aging markers (MetaboAge and MetaboHealth) in late midlife and during 16 years of follow‐up. At the 16‐year follow‐up, we also investigated the association between device‐based PA and MetaboAge and MetaboHealth. We included 1816 individuals (mean age 61.6 years) from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study at baseline and followed them up for 5 (n = 982) and 16 years (n = 744), respectively. LTPA was assessed via questionnaire at baseline and 16 years later and device‐based PA with ActiGraph accelerometer at the 16‐year follow‐up. Fasting blood samples were applied to calculate MetaboAge acceleration (ΔmetaboAge) and MetaboHealth at baseline and at both follow‐ups. Covariate‐adjusted multiple regression analyses and linear mixed models were applied to study the associations. A higher volume of LTPA at baseline was associated with a lower MetaboHealth score at the 5‐year follow‐up (p < 0.0001 for time × LTPA interaction). No associations were detected at the 16‐year follow‐up. An increase in LTPA over 16 years was associated with a decrease in MetaboHealth score (p < 0.001) and a decrease in LTPA with an increase in MetaboHealth score. Higher device‐based PA was associated with a lower MetaboHealth score, but not with ΔmetaboAge. In conclusion, higher LTPA in late midlife and device‐based PA in old age were associated with improved MetaboHealth. Increasing LTPA with age may protect against MetaboHealth‐based aging. The results support the importance of PA for biological aging in later life. PA may delay the onset of age‐related diseases by decelerating biological aging. We found that higher self‐reported amounts of PA in late midlife and device‐based PA in old age were associated with improved MetaboHealth and that reaching twice the amount of the current PA recommendations in late midlife may lead to decelerated biological aging. In addition, increasing LTPA from late midlife to old age may protect against metabolomics‐based biological aging.
Journal Article
Associations between Adolescents’ Social Leisure Activities and the Onset of Mental Disorders in Young Adulthood
The association of leisure time activities with specific mental disorders has mainly remained unclear because of lack of such research. This study analyzed the association of different levels of social leisure time activity during adolescence (ages 15–16 years) with the incidence of mental disorders during adolescence and young adulthood between the ages of 16–33 years. The study population consisted of 6838 (females 51.5%) participants from the longitudinal follow-up study, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, covering 72% of the total 1986 birth cohort. Psychiatric morbidity of the participants was followed through nationwide health registers until the end of the year 2018 when the participants were 33 years old. High social leisure time activity in adolescence associated with lower incidence of psychiatric disorders in general, and specifically, with affective, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Low social leisure time activity was related to increased incidence of any psychiatric disorder in general, and particularly to anxiety and behavioral disorders. In terms of prevention of mental disorders, these study findings encourage families, schools and other communities to continue to enhance and develop community-based social leisure time activities for children and adolescents.
Journal Article
Leisure‐time physical activity and sarcopenia among older adults from low‐ and middle‐income countries
Background There are no data on the association between leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) and sarcopenia in older adults from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the association between LTPA and sarcopenia in individuals aged ≥65 years living in six LMICs. Methods Cross‐sectional data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa) were analysed. Sarcopenia referred to the presence of both low skeletal muscle mass and weak handgrip strength. LTPA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and was analysed as a dichotomized variable [high LTPA (>150 min/week of moderate‐to‐vigorous LTPA) or low LTPA (≤150 min/week)]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. Results There were 14 585 individuals included in this study [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% women]. The prevalence of high LTPA and sarcopenia was 8.9% and 12.0%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, low LTPA was significantly associated with higher odds for sarcopenia [prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29–2.65] compared with high LTPA. Significant associations were found in women (POR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.82–5.68) but not in men (POR = 1.52, 95% CI = 0.99–2.35). Conclusions A positive and significant association between low LTPA and sarcopenia was found among older adults from LMICs. The promotion of LTPA among older adults in LMICs may aid in the prevention of sarcopenia, especially among females, pending future longitudinal research.
Journal Article
Associations of Domain‐Specific Physical Activity With Mental Health Symptoms Among Finnish Employed Adults: A Population‐Based Study
Leisure‐time physical activity has consistently been associated with better mental health. However, evidence on active commuting and occupational physical activity is less conclusive. We examined cross‐sectional associations of domain‐specific physical activity with depressive symptoms and psychological distress among Finnish employed adults. We included 3439 adults (mean age 45.0 years; 51% female) from the FinHealth 2017 Study. Based on commuting, occupational and leisure‐time physical activity behaviour, participants were categorised as passive or active commuters; sedentary, lightly active or moderately/highly active workers; and sedentary, recreationally active or exercisers/athletes, respectively. Daily active commuting volumes were also assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios, with models adjusted for key covariates. High volumes of active commuting (≥ 30 min a day) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.18–2.13), whereas no associations were observed for lower active commuting volumes or when active commuting was analysed as a binary variable. Regarding occupational physical activity, lightly active workers were less likely to experience psychological distress (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.97) compared to sedentary workers, whereas no associations were observed for moderately or highly active workers. Regarding leisure‐time physical activity, exercisers and athletes had lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32–0.61) and psychological distress (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.55) compared to sedentary individuals, as did recreationally active adults. Leisure‐time and light occupational physical activity, but not active commuting, were associated with fewer mental health symptoms. Potential mental health benefits of physical activity may be domain‐ and volume‐specific. High volumes of active commuting were associated with more depressive symptoms, whereas light occupational physical activity was associated with less psychological distress. Engaging in recreational activities, exercise and sports was linked to better mental health. Mental health outcomes of physical activity may be domain‐ and volume‐specific and promoting leisure‐time physical activity might enhance mental health among employed adults.
Journal Article
Italy. Leisure time in Italy
Italians spend much of their leisure time socializing with friends in restaurants, indulging in a good meal, and enjoying a fine wine. Restaurants are always filled with people, and, regardless of the day of the week, patrons are there until late at night. Along with eating out, Italians enjoy the arts and festivals. They also take advantage of the outdoors, especially the country's spectacular mountains and beaches. Generally speaking, Italians are sports fanatics, although many are the armchair variety.
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South Africa. South Africa leisure time
With the country's natural beauty and temperate climate, it's obvious why most people in South Africa enjoy the outdoors. Magnificent beaches span the entire eastern coast and the Western Cape, providing a focal point for much of the social life. Explore the various ways South Africans enjoy their leisure time, including socializing and visiting shebeens, which have now become an integral part of urban culture. Shebeens are drinking establishments serving the African community almost exclusively. Historically illegal under apartheid, these shack-like taverns are now often included on tourist trips that include the townships. South African artists, both modern and traditional, are enjoying a revival. View the majestic big five of South African safari, and the natural beauty of the bush will amaze you.
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