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Metaverse
You've probably heard that the metaverse - a word that seemingly went from nonexistent to everywhere - is the next big thing in technology. But what is the metaverse, anyway? Written by a leading futurist, this book unravels the mysteries of the metaverse, for the curious and for anyone looking to get in on the ground floor.
Book
Healthy lifestyle behaviours and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among 0.9 million Chinese adults
Background
Healthy lifestyle behaviours are effective means to reduce the burden of diseases. This study was aimed to fill the knowledge gaps on the distribution, associated factors, and potential health benefits on mortality of four healthy lifestyle behaviours in China.
Methods
During 2015–2019, participants aged 35–75 years from 31 provinces were recruited by the China PEACE Million Persons Project. Four healthy lifestyle behaviours were investigated in our study, including non-smoking, none or moderate alcohol use, sufficient leisure time physical activity (LTPA), and healthy diet.
Results
Among 903,499 participants, 74.1% were non-smokers, 96.0% had none or moderate alcohol use, 23.6% had sufficient LTPA, 11.1% had healthy diet, and only 2.8% had all the four healthy lifestyle behaviours. The adherence varied across seven regions; the highest median of county-level adherence to all the four healthy lifestyle behaviours was in North China (3.3%) while the lowest in the Southwest (0.8%) (
p
< 0.05). Participants who were female, elder, non-farmers, urban residents, with higher income or education, hypertensive or diabetic, or with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) history were more likely to adhere to all the four healthy lifestyle behaviours (
p
< 0.001). County-level per capital Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was positively associated with sufficient LTPA (
p
< 0.05 for both rural and urban areas) and healthy diet (
p
< 0.01 for urban areas), while negatively associated with none or moderate alcohol use (p < 0.01 for rural areas). Average annual temperature was negatively associated with none or moderate alcohol use (
p
< 0.05 for rural areas) and healthy diet (
p
< 0.001 for rural areas). Those adhering to all the four healthy lifestyle behaviours had lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.79]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.53 [0.37, 0.76]) after a median follow-up of 2.4 years.
Conclusions
Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours in China was far from ideal. Targeted health promotion strategies were urgently needed.
Journal Article
Digital Interventions on Healthy Lifestyle Management: Systematic Review
Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization. They have gained acknowledgment in interventions for the management of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we are reviewing existing conceptual frameworks, digital intervention approaches, and associated methods to identify the impact of digital intervention on adopting a healthier lifestyle.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital interventions on weight management in maintaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, regular physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary patterns).
We conducted a systematic literature review to search the scientific databases (Nature, SpringerLink, Elsevier, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed) that included digital interventions on healthy lifestyle, focusing on preventing obesity and being overweight as a prime objective. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2020 were included. We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and a framework for an evidence-based systematic review. Furthermore, we improved the review process by adopting the Rayyan tool and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles.
Our initial searches identified 780 potential studies through electronic and manual searches; however, 107 articles in the final stage were cited following the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The identified methods for a successful digital intervention to promote a healthy lifestyle are self-monitoring, self-motivation, goal setting, personalized feedback, participant engagement, psychological empowerment, persuasion, digital literacy, efficacy, and credibility. In this study, we identified existing conceptual frameworks for digital interventions, different approaches to provide digital interventions, associated methods, and execution challenges and their impact on the promotion of healthy lifestyle management.
This systematic literature review selected intervention principles (rules), theories, design features, ways to determine efficient interventions, and weaknesses in healthy lifestyle management from established digital intervention approaches. The results help us understand how digital interventions influence lifestyle management and overcome the existing shortcomings. It serves as a basis for further research with a focus on designing, developing, testing, and evaluating the generation of personalized lifestyle recommendations as a part of digital health interventions.
Journal Article
From Mediterranean diet to Mediterranean lifestyle: a narrative review
To summarize the recent scientific evidence regarding the wellness-promoting capacity of the Mediterranean lifestyle (ML), with a special focus on physical, social and environmental wellness.
Narrative review of English-language publications in PubMed, Scopus and Embase, from 1 January 2010 to 31 October 2018.
Prospective cohort studies, interventional studies, meta-analyses and reviews of those investigating the effect of at least one component of the ML on wellness parameters.
General population.
Although an explicit definition of ML is missing, compliance with various combinations of its components improves metabolic health and protects against or ameliorates disease state. However, there is heterogeneity in the healthy behaviours that the ML-focused studies include in their design and the way these are assessed. Also, despite that features of the ML could contribute to other wellness dimensions, there are no studies exploring the effect this healthy lifestyle could confer to them.
Chronic lifestyle diseases are of multifactorial aetiology and they warrant multifaceted approaches targeting the general way of living. ML, if thoroughly evaluated, can provide a valuable tool to holistically promote health and wellness.
Journal Article
Firewalls don't stop dragons : a step-by-step guide to computer security and privacy for non-techies
Just how secure is your computer right now? You probably don't know. Computers and the Internet have revolutionized the modern world, but if you are like most people, you have no clue how these things work and don't know the real threats. Protecting your computer is like defending a medieval castle. While moats, walls, drawbridges and castle guards can be effective, you would go broke trying to build something dragon-proof. This book is not about protecting yourself from a targeted attack by the NSA; it is about arming yourself against common hackers and mass surveillance.
Book
Assessment of eating habits and lifestyle during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa region: a cross-sectional study
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally, forcing countries to apply lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. The aim of this study was to assess eating habits and lifestyle behaviours among residents of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the lockdown. A cross-sectional study among adult residents of the MENA region was conducted using an online questionnaire designed on Google Forms during April 2020. A total of 2970 participants from eighteen countries participated in the present study. During the pandemic, over 30 % reported weight gain, 6·2 % consumed five or more meals per d compared with 2·2 % before the pandemic (P < 0·001) and 48·8 % did not consume fruits on a daily basis. Moreover, 39·1 % did not engage in physical activity, and over 35 % spent more than 5 h/d on screens. A significant association between the frequency of training during the pandemic and the reported change in weight was found (P < 0·001). A significantly higher percentage of participants reported physical and emotional exhaustion, irritability and tension either all the time or a large part of the time during the pandemic (P < 0·001). Although a high percentage of participants reported sleeping more hours per night during the pandemic, 63 % had sleep disturbances. The study highlights that the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity and psychological problems among adults in the MENA region.
Journal Article
The association of healthy lifestyle score and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Background
The combined role of important environmental factors as a single lifestyle index in predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk is not fully assessed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of healthy lifestyle factor score (HLS) with the odds of NAFLD in Iranian adults.
Methods
This case-control study was conducted on 675 participants, aged ≥ 20–60 years, including 225 new NAFLD cases and 450 controls. We measured dietary intake information using a validated food frequency questionnaire and determined diet quality based on the alternate healthy eating index-2010(AHEI-2010). The score of HLS was calculated based on four lifestyle factors, including a healthy diet, normal body weight, non-smoking, and high physical activity. An ultrasound scan of the liver was used to detect NAFLD in participants of the case group. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence interval(CI) of NAFLD across tertiles of HLS and AHEI.
Results
Mean ± SD age of the participants were 38.13 ± 8.85 years. The Mean ± SD HLS in the case and control groups was 1.55 ± 0.67 and 2.53 ± 0.87, respectively. Also, the Mean ± SD AHEI in the case and control groups was 48.8 ± 7.7 and 54.1 ± 8.1, respectively. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, the odds of NAFLD were decreased across tertiles of AHEI (OR:0.18;95%CI:0.16–0.29,P
trend
<0.001) and HLS(OR:0.03;95%CI:0.01–0.05,P
trend
<0.001). Also, in the multivariable model, the odds of NAFLD were decreased across tertiles AHEI (OR:0.12;95%CI:0.06–0.24,P
trend
<0.001) and HLS(OR:0.02;95%CI:0.01–0.04,P
trend
<0.001).
Conclusions
Our findings reported that higher adherence to lifestyle with a higher score of HLS was associated with decreased odds of NAFLD. Also, a diet with a high AHEI score can reduce the risk of NAFLD in the adult population.
Journal Article