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Titanic's passengers and crew
\"Titanic's Passengers and Crew is a compilation of compelling stories about the people aboard the luxurious--and supposedly unsinkable--ship. From wealthy first-class passengers like Jack Thayer to third-class travelers and crew, readers will meet and learn the harrowing tales of some of the most noteworthy people on the ship\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Effect of Freeform Honing on the Geometrical Performance of the Cylinder Liner—Numerical Study
Reducing the friction of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is of major
interest to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A huge
potential for friction reduction is seen in the piston ring-cylinder liner
(PRCL) coupling. Approaching the cylindrical liner shape in the hot operation
state will enhance the PRCL conformation. Recently, newly developed freeform
honing techniques can help to achieve this perfect cylinder shape. This article
presents a numerical study of the effect of freeform honing on the geometrical
performance of the liner in the hot operation state. The freeform honed liner
(TR) concept is based on the approach of reversing the local deformation of a
conventional circular liner. A validated computational model for a gasoline
engine is used to compare the geometrical performance of those TR cases with
circular, elliptical (EL), and conical elliptical liners (NEL) at different
operational points. It was found that the TR concept can reduce the roundness
error by 92-95% and the straightness error by 70-75% when the reference load
equals the operational one. Quite a good compromise is found to be the initial
NEL shape, which probably would be easier for the manufacturing process. In this
study, the influence of the reference load on the shape, and with that on
friction, is also investigated at different operational loads. It was found that
the reference load should be selected at a medium level since commonly the
deviations at higher operational loads are less problematic for friction than
vice versa. The numerical studies with optimal freeform-shaped cylinder
liners—or with the compromise of NEL shapes—show a promising approach to enhance
the PRCL conformation and reduce engine friction.
Journal Article
The last cruise : a novel
\"The 1950s vintage ocean liner Queen Isabella is making her final voyage before heading to the scrapyard. For the guests on board, among them Christine Thorne, a former journalist turned Maine farmer, it's a chance to experience the bygone mid-twentieth century era of decadent luxury cruising, complete with fine dining, classic highballs, string quartets, and sophisticated jazz. Smoking is allowed but not cell phones-- or children, for that matter. The Isabella sets sail from Long Beach, California into calm seas on a two-week retro cruise to Hawaii and back. But this is the second decade of an uncertain new millennium, not the sunny, heedless '50s, and certain disquieting signs of strife and malfunction above and below decks intrude on the festivities ... When a time of crisis begins, Christine, Mick, and Miriam find themselves facing the unknown together in an unexpected and startling test of their characters\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Enhancing the Geometrical Performance Using Initially Conical Cylinder Liner in Internal Combustion Engines—A Numerical Study
Reducing friction is an important aspect to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE). The majority of frictional losses in engines are related to both the piston skirt and piston ring–cylinder liner (PRCL) arrangement. We studied the enhancement of the conformation of the PRCL arrangement based on the assumption that a suitable conical liner in its cold state may deform into a liner with nearly straight parallel walls in the fired state due to the impact of mechanical and thermal stresses. Combining the initially conical shape with a noncircular cross section will bring the liner even closer to the perfect cylindrical shape in the fired state. Hence, a significant friction reduction can be expected. For the investigation, the numerical method was first developed to simulate the liner deformation with advanced finite element methods. This was validated with given experimental data of the deformation for a gasoline engine in its fired state. In the next step, initially conically and/or elliptically shaped liners were investigated for their deformation between the cold and fired state. It was found that, for liners being both conical and elliptical in their cold state, a significant increase of straightness, parallelism, and roundness was reached in the fired state. The combined elliptical-conical liner led to a reduced straightness error by more than 50% compared to the cylindrical liner. The parallelism error was reduced by 60% to 70% and the roundness error was reduced between 70% and 80% at different liner positions. These numerical results show interesting potential for the friction reduction in the piston-liner arrangement within internal combustion engines.
Journal Article
Geoenvironmental Engineered Structures for Water Protection: Challenges and Perspectives for Sustainable Liners
Geoenvironmental engineered barriers, such as geotechnical and hydraulic layered structures called liners, are essential for protecting the environment from pollution. Liners are usually compacted clay liners (CCL), geomembranes (GM), geosynthetic clay liners (GCL), or a combination of these liners (composite liners), which require significant attention concerning materials, techniques, and procedures to perform adequately. This work reviews the function of geotechnical and hydraulic barriers as liners and highlights the lack of investigation and problematic aspects of them. In addition, the work provides an overview of the literature around earthworks which are liners’ specific configurations, such as landfills, dams, ponds, wastewater lagoons, and vertical barriers. Furthermore, the main investigations, issues, and perspectives are demonstrated, and are discussed alongside the trending research areas and sustainable new materials. This work highlights different directives in several countries for liner construction standards and testing program specifications, analyzing their economic aspects. The main studies on the subject have been compiled, and a bibliometric analysis was performed. Thus, this paper concludes by pointing out gaps in the research regarding alternative materials and structures within geoenvironmental investigations on liners, and signposts future scientific threads related to sustainable development.
Journal Article
Performance enhancement of hemispherical solar stills using different shapes of basin liners (sinusoidal and half-circle) incorporated with inverted solar collectors
The current work aims to achieve the highest performance of hemispherical solar distillers, which are characterized by having a large condensation surface area. This requires increasing the evaporation rates inside the hemispherical stills by installing the sinusoidal and semi-circular linings in the hemispherical distiller basin to increase the heat transfer area between the basin water and the absorption surface. Also, these basin liners were incorporated with an inverted solar collector to speed up the evaporation process. To obtain the optimal basin liners that achieved the highest productivity, three hemispherical distillers were designed and fabricated, the first is traditional hemispherical solar still (THSS), the second is hemispherical solar still with a sinusoidal liner combined with an inverted solar collector (SHSS-ISC), and third is hemispherical solar still with a half-circle liner combined with an inverted solar collector (HCHSS-ISC). The results showed that compared with THSS (5.05 L/m
2
/day), the daily yield of modified distillers HCHSS-ISC and SHSS-ISC improved to 8.25 and 7.7 L/m
2
/day, with an improvement of 63.40 and 54.00%, respectively. Additionally, the daily efficiency of HCHSS-ISC, SHSS-ISC, and THSS reached 66.9, 62.45, and 41.20%, respectively. The economic feasibility indicated that using half-circle liners incorporated with an inverted solar collector reduced the cost of the distillate water produced from HCHSS-ISC by 30% compared to the THSS. These results showed that using half-circle liners incorporated with an inverted solar collector represents the optimal design that achieves the highest performance of hemispherical solar distillers with the lowest cost of producing distillate water.
Journal Article
Thermal performance comparison between bias acoustic liner and acoustic liner for aircraft anti-icing
Acoustic liner is essential to reduce noise pollution in the aircraft engine. There is a suggestion to reduce more noise by installing the acoustic liner on the nacelle lip-skin. However, there are thermal issues including a low temperature of the acoustic liner surface and its poor heat transfer mechanism increase of ice thickness on the nacelle surface. This phenomenon leads to the higher engine power to increase the acoustic liner surface tempera-ture. Thus, aircraft manufacturers proposed to install the bias acoustic liner instead of the acoustic liner on the nacelle lip-skin integrated with an anti-icing system to improve the thermal characteristics of the acoustic liner. Therefore, the present work studies the thermal performance comparison between bias acoustic liner and acoustic liner on the nacelle lip-skin integrated with an aircraft anti-icing system. The simulation study is conducted using the CFD ANSYS Fluent in four different real flight conditions including taxi, climb, hold, and descent. The numbers of both acoustic liners and bias acoustic liners are varied from 1 to 6. The results show that the local dimensionless temperature of nacelle lip-skin with the bias acoustic liner at wrap locations is between 39 % and 100 % higher than that of the nacelle lip-skin with the acoustic liner alone. Further, the average dimensionless temperature of the nacelle lip-skin called the ratio between the average temperature of the nacelle lip skin with respect to ambient and the temperature of the hot air with respect to ambient are analyzed. The maximum average dimensionless temperature of nacelle lip-skin increases to 31.36 %, 26.35 %, 30.43 %, and 13.8 % for the climb, descent, hold, and taxi conditions, respectively, when considering bias acoustic liner instead of acoustic liner. The hold condition shows the highest average Nusselt number with the increasing number of bias acoustic liners, followed by descent, taxi, and climb conditions. In conclusion, the bias acoustic liner enhances the thermal performance of the nacelle lip-skin anti-icing system.
Journal Article
Effect of solid waste landfill leachate contaminants on hydraulic conductivity of landfill liners
Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods to reduce the impact on the environment and human health by ensuring the management of solid wastes. For the process in question to be called landfill, the landfill leachate must be controlled and liner impermeability conditions must be provided. For this reason, compacted clay liners (CCL) and geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) with very low hydraulic conductivity are often used as hydraulic barriers in landfills to prevent the risk of leachate mixing with groundwater. However, as a result of various interactions between leachate–clay liners, changes occur in the hydraulic conductivity of the liners. In this review, the change (increase/decrease) in the hydraulic conductivity of the landfill liners caused by the contaminants in the leachate composition and the mechanisms responsible for this change were examined. In addition, deficiencies in the literature on this subject were identified and directions for future studies were presented.
Journal Article
Comparative Evaluation of Hardness and Energy Absorption of Some Commercially Available Chairside Silicone-Based Soft Denture Liners and a Heat-Cured Soft Denture Liner
To investigate the hardness and energy absorption of four commercially available chairside types of silicone materials and compare their properties with heat-cured silicone material.
The chairside materials investigated were GC reline soft, mucopren soft, sofreliner soft and elite soft relining. The heat-cured polymer silicone material was Molloplast B. All soft lining materials were processed according to manufacturers' instructions. Two properties were investigated. Ten specimens for each test were prepared for each soft liner except for the water absorption and solubility test, for which only five specimens were prepared. The specimens of energy absorption (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were tested using a Lloyd instruments testing machine. Hardness specimens (38 × 38 × 3) were tested using a shore A durometer and were divided into two subgroups; dry and wet storage.
The specimens of energy absorption (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were tested using a Lloyd instruments testing machine. Sofreliner soft was significantly softer than Molloplast B. GC reline soft was significantly harder than molloplast B. At high loads, sofreliner soft and elite soft relining was significantly more resilient than molloplast B. Mucopren soft was significantly stiffer than Molloplast B. At low loads, all materials showed similarities in stiffness and resilience; the difference between them was insignificant. After one month of immersion, GC reline and mucopren significantly increased hardness values.
In all conditions and at all four-time points, the hardness values for GC Reline soft were the greatest, and hardness values for Sofreliner Soft were the least. Some chairside soft denture lining materials could have similar significant properties to molloplast-B, such as sofreliner soft and elite.
Journal Article