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"linguistics, sociolinguistics, Japanese sociolinguistics, Japanese"
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Japanese questions : discourse, context and language
\"Questions and interrogatives in Japanese discourse have attracted considerable interest from grammarians, but the communicative aspect has received little attention. This book fills this gap. Through detailed analyses of formal and informal interactions, it demonstrates that the inherent multi-functional and polysemous aspect of language can also be observed in the use of questions. The book shows how questions are used to perform a wide range of social actions and how varied in form they are. Similarly, it demonstrates the importance of the context on the speakers' choice of question types, which, in turn, contribute to creating a particular stance that characterizes those interactions.The data used in the book shows that speakers prefer questions that are not canonical. When speakers do use canonical questions, they are overwhelmingly accompanied by some mollifiers. This phenomenon suggests that in Japanese communication the illocutionary force of canonical questions is too strong. To soften the interaction, speakers tend to use other types of interrogative forms such as statements with rising intonation, or at least, leave questions grammatically unfinished. The findings in this book contribute to the understanding of how Japanese speakers use questions in different communicative interactions and provide new evidence of the gap between prescriptive grammar and actual communication\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Algorithmic voice transformations reveal the phonological basis of language-familiarity effects in cross-cultural emotion judgments
People have a well-described advantage in identifying individuals and emotions in their own culture, a phenomenon also known as the other-race and language-familiarity effect. However, it is unclear whether native-language advantages arise from genuinely enhanced capacities to extract relevant cues in familiar speech or, more simply, from cultural differences in emotional expressions. Here, to rule out production differences, we use algorithmic voice transformations to create French and Japanese stimulus pairs that differed by exactly the same acoustical characteristics. In two cross-cultural experiments, participants performed better in their native language when categorizing vocal emotional cues and detecting non-emotional pitch changes. This advantage persisted over three types of stimulus degradation (jabberwocky, shuffled and reversed sentences), which disturbed semantics, syntax, and supra-segmental patterns, respectively. These results provide evidence that production differences are not the sole drivers of the language-familiarity effect in cross-cultural emotion perception. Listeners’ unfamiliarity with the phonology of another language, rather than with its syntax or semantics, impairs the detection of pitch prosodic cues and, in turn, the recognition of expressive prosody.
Journal Article
Fluid Orality in the Discourse of Japanese Popular Culture
This volume invites the reader into the world of pragmatic and discourse studies in Japanese popular culture. Through \"character-speak\", the book analyzes quoted speech in light (graphic) novels, the effeminate onee kotoba in talk shows, narrative character in keetai (mobile phone) novels, floating whispers in manga, and fictionalized dialects in television drama series. Explorations into conversational interaction, internal monologue, rhetorical figures, intertextuality, and the semiotic mediation between verbal and visual signs reveal how speakers manipulate language in performing playful \"characters\" and \"characteristics\". Most prominent in the discourse of Japanese popular culture is its \"fluid orality\". We find the essential oral nature in and across genres of Japanese popular culture, and observe seamless transitions among styles and speech variations. This fluidity is understood as a feature of polyphonic speech initiated not by the so-called ideal singular speaker, but by a multiple and often shifting interplay of one's speaking selves performing as various characters. Challenging traditional (Western) linguistic theories founded on the concept of the autonomous speaker, this study ventures into open and embracing pragmatic and discourse studies that inquire into the very nature of our speaking selves.
eBook
Neoliberalism, linguistic commodification, and ethnolinguistic identity in multilingual Nepal
This article examines the consequences of neoliberalism in two separate domains of multilingual language use in the context of Nepal: language education and tourism. We show that institutions and individuals have appropriated and reproduced this ideology with their creative tactics, agency, and practices that both help them promote and commodify their ethnolinguistic identity and language skills while also allowing them to acquire multilingual repertoires in global languages such as English, German, Chinese, Japanese, and the indigenous local language Newari. We show that English as a global language does not always accord more cultural capital and economic value, nor is the teaching and learning of local indigenous languages always confined to the ideologies of identity politics and language preservation. We argue that while the ideologies of English as a global language and of indigenous languages as tools for ethnolinguistic identity do not disappear from the scene, new forces of globalization and neoliberalism bestow new meanings to multilingual repertoires and practices. (Neoliberalism, multilingualism, commodification, ethnolinguistic identity, Nepal)*
Journal Article
Transformative answers: One way to resist a question’s constraints
A number of Conversation Analytic studies have documented that question recipients have a variety of ways to push against the constraints that questions impose on them. This article explores the concept of transformative answers – answers through which question recipients retroactively adjust the question posed to them. Two main sorts of adjustments are discussed: question term transformations and question agenda transformations. It is shown that the operations through which interactants implement term transformations are different from the operations through which they implement agenda transformations. Moreover, term-transforming answers resist only the question’s design, while agenda-transforming answers effectively resist both design and agenda, thus implying that agenda-transforming answers resist more strongly than design-transforming answers. The implications of these different sorts of transformations for alignment and affiliation are then explored.*
Journal Article
Experimental ordinary language philosophy
This paper provides new tools for philosophical argument analysis and fresh empirical foundations for ‘critical’ ordinary language philosophy. Language comprehension routinely involves stereotypical inferences with contextual defeaters. J.L. Austin’s Sense and Sensibilia first mooted the idea that contextually inappropriate stereotypical inferences from verbal case-descriptions drive some philosophical paradoxes; these engender philosophical problems that can be resolved by exposing the underlying fallacies. We build on psycholinguistic research on salience effects to explain when and why even perfectly competent speakers cannot help making stereotypical inferences which are contextually inappropriate. We analyse a classical paradox about perception (‘argument from illusion’), suggest it relies on contextually inappropriate stereotypical inferences from appearance-verbs, and show that the conditions we identified as leading to contextually inappropriate stereotypical inferences are met in formulations of the paradox. Three experiments use a forced-choice plausibility-ranking task to document the predicted inappropriate inferences, in English, German, and Japanese. The cross-linguistic study allows us to assess the wider relevance of the proposed analysis. Our findings open up new perspectives for ‘evidential’ experimental philosophy.
Journal Article
Japanese elementary teachers' positioning and pedagogical decision-making in teaching physical education to culturally and linguistically diverse children
The purpose of this study was to describe and explain Japanese elementary teachers' positioning and pedagogical decision-making processes regarding teaching culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) children in physical education (PE). Based on positioning theory, the study adopted a descriptive-qualitative research design using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Seven Japanese elementary school teachers participated in interviews about their experiences and perceptions regarding teaching CLD children in PE. Using the constant comparative method of analysis, three major themes were constructed from the data: (a) pedagogical decisions between teacher-centered and student-centered teaching, (b) peer tutoring as a strategy to address the individual needs of CLD children, and (c) collaborating with immigrant parents to identify appropriate pedagogical approaches and support for CLD children. The findings suggest that it is crucial to enrich professional development resources for Japanese elementary teachers, equipping them with a deeper understanding of multiculturalism and helping them to transform their teaching styles to address unfairness and social justice issues in teaching PE to CLD children.
Journal Article
