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Photodetectors (PDs) based on perovskite nanowires are among the most promising next‐generation photodetection technologies; however, their poor long‐term stability is the biggest challenge limiting their commercial application. Herein, an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), is incorporated as an additive into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) nanowires; this not only effectively passivates defects to inhibit perovskite degradation but also leads to the formation of nanochannels, enabling fast charge transfer. As a result, the long‐term stability and performance of MAPbI3 nanowires are considerably improved. The detectivity, linear detection range, and noise equivalent power of the MAPbI3 nanowire PD reach 2.06 × 1013 Jones, 160 dB, and 1.38 × 10−15 W Hz−1/2, respectively, comparable to the highest performance of perovskite nanowire PDs reported to date. Moreover, the unencapsulated PD can maintain 100% of its initial performance after being exposed to an open‐air environment for more than 5000 h, establishing it as the most stable perovskite nanowire PD reported to date. Notably, the PD exhibits improved diffuse reflection imaging ability when compared with commercial silicon photodiode S2386. This study provides a new strategy for constructing sensitive, stable, and flexible perovskite PDs and will accelerate their commercial application in the future. The poor long‐term stability of perovskite nanowires photodetectors (PDs) hinders its future commercial application. Here, an ionic liquid (BMIMBF4) is incorporated into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) nanowires, resulting in reduced defects, enhanced charge carrier transfer, and improved stability and performance. Remarkably, the unencapsulated MAPbI3 nanowire PDs exhibit ultra‐high stability with no performance attenuation after stored in air for more than 5000 h.

The crystal distortion such as lattice strain and defect located at the surfaces and grain boundaries induced by soft perovskite lattice highly determines the charge extraction‐transfer dynamics and recombination to cause an inferior efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the authors propose a strategy to significantly reduce the superficial lattice tensile strain by means of incorporating an inorganic 2D Cl‐terminated Ti3C2 (Ti3C2Clx) MXene into the bulk and surface of CsPbBr3 film. Arising from the strong interaction between Cl atoms in Ti3C2Clx and the under‐coordinated Pb2+ in CsPbBr3 lattice, the expanded perovskite lattice is compressed and confined to act as a lattice “tape”, in which the PbCl bond plays a role of “glue” and the 2D Ti3C2 immobilizes the lattice. Finally, the defective surface is healed and a champion efficiency as high as 11.08% with an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage up to 1.702 V is achieved on the best all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC, which is so far the highest efficiency record for this kind of PSCs. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device demonstrates nearly unchanged performance under 80% relative humidity over 100 days and 85 °C over 30 days. Arising from the formation of strong PbCl bonding, chlorine terminated Ti3C2Clx MXenes are used as lattice “tape” to reduce the defects and release tensile strain located at interfaces and grain boundaries of CsPbBr3 perovskite film, achieving a champion efficiency up to 11.08% with an ultrahigh voltage of 1.702 V for CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells.

Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) are emerging as key materials for advanced human‐machine interactions and health monitoring systems due to their unique combination of flexibility, biocompatibility, and electrical conductivity. However, a major challenge remains in developing ICHs that simultaneously exhibit high ionic conductivity, self‐healing, and strong adhesion, particularly under extreme low‐temperature conditions. In this study, a novel ICH composed of sulfobetaine methacrylate, methacrylic acid, TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers, sodium alginate, and lithium chloride is presented. The hydrogel is designed with a hydrogen‐bonded and chemically crosslinked network, achieving excellent conductivity (0.49 ± 0.05 S m−1), adhesion (36.73 ± 2.28 kPa), and self‐healing capacity even at −80 °C. Furthermore, the ICHs maintain functionality for over 45 days, showcasing outstanding anti‐freezing properties. This material demonstrates significant potential for non‐invasive, continuous health monitoring, adhering conformally to the skin without signal crosstalk, and enabling real‐time, high‐fidelity signal transmission in human‐machine interactions under cryogenic conditions. These ICHs offer transformative potential for the next generation of multimodal sensors, broadening application possibilities in harsh environments, including extreme weather and outer space. This study presents an ionic conductive hydrogel (ICH) with excellent conductivity, self‐healing, self‐adhesion, and long‐term stability under extreme cold conditions. It shows significant potential for non‐invasive, continuous health monitoring, conformally adhering to skin without signal crosstalk, enabling real‐time, high‐fidelity signal transmission in human‐machine interactions. It has huge potential for wearable sensors in harsh conditions.

The toxicity of heavy‐metal Pb and instability of lead‐based halide perovskite nanomaterials are main factors to impede their practical applications in the fields of solar cells, LEDs and scintillators. In this paper, all inorganic lead‐free cesium manganese halide nanocrystals are synthesized in glass for the first time. Red photoluminescence with broad PL band, negligible self‐absorption and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 41.8% is obtained. In addition, modulating halide component can change the Mn2+ ions coordination environment to obtain tunable photoluminescence from red to green. More importantly, cesium manganese halide nanocrystals embedded glasses exhibit outstanding long‐term stabilities. Theses cesium manganese halide nanocrystals embedded glasses are also highly stable against high energy irradiation and exhibit highly efficient radioluminescence, making them promising for high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. These results demonstrate that cesium manganese halide nanocrystals embedded glasses are promising eco‐friendly candidates for applications in light‐emitting diodes and scintillators. Lead‐free cesium manganese halide NCs embedded glasses exhibit negligible self‐absorption, long‐term stability, and high PL QY as well as excellent X‐ray scintillation performance and highly resolved X‐ray imaging.

Glacial lake‐moraine dam systems are widespread in cold alpine environments such as the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). Without climate change, the lake‐dam system exhibits stably dynamic evolution on a hydrological annual cycle. However, climate change may drive subtle alterations in the system's evolution. We developed a fully coupled Thermal‐Hydraulic‐Mechanical simulation platform considering ice‐water phase change, showing robust performance under CMIP6‐derived boundary conditions. Using this platform, we simulated climate warming‐driven multiphysics responses and dam stability evolutions of a homogeneous, simplified conceptual model of the lake‐dam system. We identified critical temperature thresholds for permanently frozen area thawing and abrupt changes in dam stability of this lake‐dam system. Considering the current slope stability situations on the QTP, the SSP 5–8.5 climate warming scenario is conservatively anticipated to pose significant geological safety risks due to potential disaster chains from glacial lake failures. Our study provides insights into profound geological process evolutions driven by climate change. Plain Language Summary Sizable and numerous moraine‐dammed glacial lakes in cold alpine regions are increasingly threatened by climate change. This study simulated the long‐term (2020–2140) Thermal‐Hydraulic‐Mechanical coupling and stability evolution of a homogeneous conceptualized glacial lake‐moraine dam system under climate warming on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). Two types of critical state‐transition points were identified in this conceptual model, marking shifts from quantitative to qualitative changes. A temperature rise threshold of 5.89°C indicates the onset of rapid shrinkage in permanently frozen area of the conceptual lake‐dam system. Another type of transition points occurs at 1.92°C and 4.48°C, corresponding to sharp year‐over‐year declines in spring and winter stability, respectively. A conservative estimation suggests that, if evaluated using stability reduction rate of the conceptualized model, moraine dams on the QTP with current stability factors below 1.19 in summer or 1.81 in winter, could fail after 120 years of intense climate warming. Considering the current stability situations on the QTP and geohazard chains resulting from glacial lake failure, uncontrolled global climate change would pose a severe threat to regional geological safety of QTP. The study has significant implications for assessing geological safety in periglacial environments and supports investigating coupling issues of climate change, geological processes, and human activities. Key Points Climate change‐driven multiphysics responses and stability evolution of a conceptual glacial lake‐moraine dam are depicted over the next 120 years Frozen area would rapidly retreat for nearly 10 years once the temperature rise crosses a certain threshold (5.89°C for the conceptual model) Spring and winter stability would rapidly deteriorate after surpassing certain temperature thresholds (1.92°C and 4.48°C, respectively, for the model)

Seawater electrolysis is an attractive technique for mass production of high‐purity hydrogen considering the abundance of seawater. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of seawater environment, efficient anode catalyst, that should be, cost effective, highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but negligible for Cl2/ClO– formation, and robust toward chlorine corrosion, is urgently demanded for large‐scale application. Although catalysis typically appears at surface, while the bulk properties and morphology structure also have a significant impact on the performance, thus requiring a systematic optimization. Herein, a multiscale engineering approach toward the development of cost‐effective and robust OER electrocatalyst for operation in seawater is reported. Specifically, the engineering of hollow‐sphere structure can facilitate the removal of gas product, while atom‐level synergy between Co and Fe can promote Co sites transforming to active phase, and in situ transformation of sulfate ions layer protects catalysts from corrosion. As a result, the as‐developed hollow‐sphere structured CoFeSx electrocatalyst can stably operate at a high current density of 100 mA cm–2 in the alkaline simulated seawater (pH = 13) for 700 h and in a neutral seawater for 20 h without attenuation. It provides a new strategy for the development of electrocatalysts with a broader application potential. The hollow sphere CoFeSx (H‐CoFeSx) is developed into a highly efficient and robust seawater oxidation electrocatalyst by multiscale engineering via structural construction, in situ protection layer formation, and Fe‐doping for performance enhancement and anticorrosion. H‐CoFeSx could achieve a current density of 150 mA cm–2 at the overpotential of 420 mV and maintained at 100 mA cm–2 for 700 h with no performance degradation.

SUMMARY In this paper, several numerical examples to illustrate limitations of Quasi Steady‐State (QSS) model in long‐term voltage stability analysis are presented. In those cases, the QSS model provided incorrect stability assessment. Causes of failure of the QSS model are explained and analyzed in nonlinear system framework. Sufficient conditions of the QSS model for correct approximation are suggested. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The long‐term stability issue of halide perovskite solar cells hinders their commercialization. The residual stress–strain affects device stability, which is derived from the mismatched thermophysical and mechanical properties between adjacent layers. In this work, we introduced the Rb2CO3 layer at the interface of SnO2/perovskite with the hierarchy morphology of snowflake‐like microislands and dendritic nanostructures. With a suitable thermal expansion coefficient, the Rb2CO3 layer benefits the interfacial stress relaxation and results in a compressive stress–strain in the perovskite layer. Moreover, reduced nonradiative recombination losses and optimized band alignment were achieved. An enhancement of open‐circuit voltage from 1.087 to 1.153 V in the resultant device was witnessed, which led to power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.7% (active area of 0.08313 cm2) and 20.6% (1 cm2). Moreover, these devices retained 95% of its initial PCE under the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) after 2700 h. It suggests inorganic materials with high thermal expansion coefficients and specific nanostructures are promising candidates to optimize interfacial mechanics, which improves the operational stability of perovskite cells. By screening the appropriate thermal expansion coefficient, we introduced the Rb2CO3 layer with a snowflake‐like nanostructure in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Benefiting from the interfacial stress relaxation and a compressive stress–strain of the absorber layer, reduced nonradiative recombination losses and optimized band alignment was achieved, enabling the production of high‐efficient and long‐term stable PSCs with large areas.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (inverted‐PSCs) have exhibited advantages of longer stability, less hysteresis, and lower fabrication temperature when compared to their regular counterparts, which are important for industry commercialization. Because of the great efforts that have been conducted in the past several years, the obtained efficiency of inverted‐PSCs has almost caught up with that of the regular ones, 25.0% versus 25.7%. In this perspective, the recent studies on the design of high‐performance inverted‐PSCs based on diverse hole transport materials, as well as device fabrication and characterization are first reviewed. After that, the authors moved on to the interface and additive engineering that were exploited to suppress the nonradiative recombination. Finally, the challenges and possible research pathways for facilitating the industrialization of inverted‐PSCs were envisaged. In this perspective, the recent advancements of inverted perovskite solar cells based on diverse hole transport materials, including polymer‐, copper‐, nickel‐based and self‐assembled monolayers and others, have been systematically reviewed. In addition, the current research issues and possible future directions for industry applications are given from the authors’ point of view.

Surface passivation with organic ammoniums improves perovskite solar cell performance by forming 2D/quasi‐2D structures or adsorbing onto surfaces. However, complexity from mixed phases can trigger phase transitions, compromising stability. The control of surface dimensionality after organic ammonium passivation presents significant importance to device stability. In this study, we developed a poly‐fluorination strategy for surface treatment in perovskite solar cells, which enabled a high and durable interfacial phase purity after surface passivation. The locked surface dimensionality of perovskite was achieved through robust interaction between the poly‐fluorinated ammoniums and the perovskite surface, along with the steric hindrance imparted by fluorine atoms, reducing its reactivity and penetration capabilities. The high hydrophobicity of the poly‐fluorinated surface also aids in moisture resistance of the perovskite layer. The champion device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% with certified 24.6%, with 90% of its initial PCE retained after approximately 1200 h under continuous 1‐sun illumination, and over 14,400 h storage stability and superior stability under high‐temperature operation. Conventional organic ammonium salts possess strong reactivity and penetration capabilities, controlling the formation of surface structures after depositing organic ammonium‐based passivators presents a significant challenge. We developed a poly‐fluorination strategy for surface treatment in perovskite solar cells, which enabled a high and durable interfacial phase purity after surface passivation, markedly boosting the thermal stability of the devices.