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Image Segmentation of Fiducial Marks with Complex Backgrounds Based on the mARU-Net
Circuits on different layers in a printed circuit board (PCB) must be aligned according to high-precision fiducial mark images during exposure processing. However, processing quality depends on the detection accuracy of fiducial marks. Precise segmentation of fiducial marks from images can significantly improve detection accuracy. Due to the complex background of PCB images, there are significant challenges in the segmentation and detection of fiducial mark images. In this paper, the mARU-Net is proposed for the image segmentation of fiducial marks with complex backgrounds to improve detection accuracy. Compared with some typical segmentation methods in customized datasets of fiducial marks, the mARU-Net demonstrates good segmentation accuracy. Experimental research shows that, compared with the original U-Net, the segmentation accuracy of the mARU-Net is improved by 3.015%, while the number of parameters and training times are not increased significantly. Furthermore, the centroid method is used to detect circles in segmentation results, and the deviation is kept within 30 microns, with higher detection efficiency. The detection accuracy of fiducial mark images meets the accuracy requirements of PCB production.
Journal Article
Freakish sea state and swell-windsea coupling: Numerical study of the Suwa-Maru incident
On 23 June 2008, a fishing boat with 20 crewmembers onboard sank in reportedly moderate sea‐state conditions in the Kuroshio Extension region east of Japan. To determine the sea state at the time of the incident, we conducted a hindcast wave simulation, as realistically as possible, using an improved third‐generation wave model driven by wind and current reanalysis products. Our results indicated that at the time of the accident, the wave steepness increased and the spectral peakedness narrowed, creating a sea state favorable for freak wave occurrence due to quasi‐resonance. Detailed analyses of the spectral evolution revealed that nonlinear coupling of swell and windsea waves was the key to generating the narrow spectrum. Under the influence of rising wind speed, the swell system grew exponentially at the expense of the windsea energy, and the bimodal crossing sea state transformed into a freakish unimodal sea.
Journal Article
Description of a new species of Acanthoplesiops (Plesiopidae: Acanthoclininae) from the Kerama Islands, Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan
Acanthoplesiops hardyi
sp. nov. (Plesiopidae: Acanthoclininae) is described on the basis of a single specimen (13.7 mm in standard length) collected off the Kerama Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan, from a depth of 53 m. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays XXI, 3; anal-fin rays IX, 3; pectoral-fin rays 16; dentary pores 3; 2 pterygiophores between 2nd and 3rd neural spines; pelvic fins completely separated; last dorsal- and anal-fin rays barely connected to caudal-fin base by membrane; anterior half (approx.) of abdomen naked; body scales bilobed on mid-lateral surface, elsewhere oval with a rounded posterior margin; lateral surface of head and body uniformly dark brown, without dots, stripes, or bar-like patterns; pectoral-fin base and caudal peduncle lacking white blotches and bars, respectively.
Journal Article
Ship Flow of the Ryuko-maru Calculated by the Reynolds Stress Model Using the Roughness Function at the Full Scale
The k-omega SST turbulence model is extensively employed in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations. However, the accuracy of the estimation of viscous resistance and companion flow distribution for full-sized vessels is not sufficient. This study conducted a computational analysis of the flow around the Ryuko-maru at model-scale and full-scale Reynolds numbers utilizing the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM). The obtained Reynolds stress distribution from the model-scale computation was compared against experimental measurements to assess the capability of the RSM. Furthermore, full-scale computations were performed, incorporating the influence of hull surface roughness, with the resulting wake distributions juxtaposed with the actual ship measurements. The full-scale calculation employed the sand-grain roughness function, and an optimal roughness length scale was determined by aligning the computed wake distribution with Ryuko-maru’s measured data. The results of this study will allow for the direct performance estimation of full-scale ships and contribute to the design technology of performance.
Journal Article
Indefinite transits: mobility and confinement in the age of steam
The increased regulation of mobility that accompanied its late nineteenth-century expansion and acceleration is widely recognized. Regulatory practices reached out to distant shores and on board ships, heightening uncertainties and reshaping meanings of voyage and transit, especially for non-white passengers and crews. Travel and mobility are common themes in historical and other literatures. But less is known about experiences of uncertain or thwarted arrivals, involuntary departures, and indefinite transit resulting from practices governing steam-age mobility. People in transit illuminate the conditional openings and closures in such tropes as mobility, transit, and destination. Few spaces embodied and actualized ‘transit’ better than ships, and this article focuses on the role of ships as vessels of confinement. In equal parts about passengers and crews, it explores experiences of nominally free persons uncertainly afloat in a world marked otherwise by assured or accelerated oceanic mobility in three contexts that illustrate physical, political, and cultural constraints on maritime mobility in the age of steam. They are the 1914 voyage of the Komagata-maru, British merchant vessels employing Indian crews, and wartime subjection and resistance of Chinese crews on British and Dutch vessels.
Journal Article
The voyage of the Komagata Maru : the Sikh challenge to Canada's colour bar
The first thoroughly researched study of the Komagata Maru incident, when 400 Sikhs were forced to stay aboard a ship anchored off Vancouver.
eBook
Did Sigint Seal The Fates of 19,000 POWs?
The discovery of intercepts in the Japanese \"Orange Translations\" regarding the sinking of merchant ships (marus) bearing allied POWs led to the conclusion that the Joint Intelligence Center Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA) gave latitudes and longitudes of these vessels to the Commander, Submarine Force, Pacific (ComSubPac) knowing that POWs would be killed. An examination of the \"Orange Translations\" reveals that most of the intercepts are from the Japanese Water Transport Code (2468) system, not the \"Maru Code\" (JN-11). The author concludes that while JICPOA provided ComSubPac with convoy coordinates, they were unaware of the presence of POWs on the marus.
Journal Article
A new species of Hedgpethia (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida, Colossendeidae) from southwestern Japan
We describe Hedgpethia spinosasp. n. based on a single male specimen obtained from 197-207 m depth, south of Yaku Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Among 15 previously known congeners, the new species resembles Hedgpethia bicornis (Losina-Losinsky & Turpaeva, 1958), Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943), and probably Hedgpethia brevitarsis (Losina-Losinsky & Turpaeva, 1958), in having a mid-dorsal tubercle on the posterior rim on each trunk segment. The new species, however, is distinguishable from those by a pair of horns on the anterior margin of the cephalic segment, spines on the first coxae, and denticulate spines on the strigilis. The new species represents the fifth member of the genus so far known from Japanese waters, in addition to Hedgpethia brevitarsis (Losina-Losinsky & Turpaeva, 1958), Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943), Hedgpethia dofleini (Loman, 1911), and Hedgpethia elongata Takahashi, Dick & Mawatari, 2007.
Journal Article
Imperialism and Sikh Migration
iiiPunjab, a region divided between India and Pakistan, has witnessed multiple nomadic, mendicant, trading and pastoral mobilities for centuries. Imperial assisted mobilities in the nineteenth century produced a category of hypermobile Sikhs, who left their villages in Punjab to seek their fortunes in Southeast Asia, Africa, Australia, America and Canada. The practices of the British, British Indian and the Canadian governments to obstruct free flows of Sikhs offer telling instances of the exercise of governmentality through which both old imperialism and the new Empire assert their sovereignty.
This book focuses on the Komagata Maru episode of 1914: this Japanese ship was chartered by Gurdit Singh, a prosperous Sikh businessman from Malaya. It carried 376 passengers from Punjab and was not permitted to land in Vancouver on grounds of a stipulation about a continuous journey from the port of departure. It was forced to return to Kolkata, where the passengers were fired at, imprisoned or kept under surveillance. The author isolates juridical procedures, tactics and apparatuses of security through which the British Empire exercised power on imperial subjects to investigate the significance of this incident to colonial and postcolonial migration. Juxtaposing public archives including newspapers, official documents and reports with private archives and interviews of descendants, the book analyses the legalities and machineries of surveillance that regulate the movements of people in the old and new Empire.
Addressing contemporary discourse on neoimperialism and resistance, nation, migration, diaspora, multiculturalism and citizenship, this book will be of interest to scholars in the field of diaspora studies, postcolonialism, minority studies, migration and mobility studies, multiculturalism and Sikh/Punjab and South Asian studies.
eBook