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Introduction: Elderly women tend to have higher adiposity than men of the same age, along with lower muscle mass and density. These factors increase the risk of impaired physical function and disability. Objective: This study examines the effects of an 8-week exergame boxing program on appendicular muscle mass in elderly women. Methodology: In this study, 30 elderly women are randomly assigned to two groups: control and intervention. The intervention group participates in exergame boxing sessions (30 minutes per session, 3 times a week) for eight weeks. Both groups perform low-intensity aerobic exercise for 15 minutes, five times a week. Before and after the intervention, all participants undergo Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to evaluate their Appendicular Muscle Mass Index. Results: In the control group, no significant gains in appendicular muscle mass index are observed after eight weeks of low-intensity aerobic exercise (p = 0.070). Conversely, the intervention group shows a significant increase in appendicular muscle mass index, with an effect size of 0.73 and statistical significance (p < 0.001). The change in appendicular muscle mass index is significantly greater in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.047). Discussion: This study highlights that an 8-week virtual reality-based exergame boxing program combined with low-intensity aerobic exercise significantly improves appendicular muscle mass in elderly women. Conclusions: The addition of exergame boxing for eight weeks can increase the appendicular muscle mass index of elderly women as measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Surveillance data have highlighted continued disparities in neural tube defects (NTDs) by race-ethnicity in the United States. Starting in 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) among infants of Hispanic women of reproductive age. To assess the impact of voluntary corn masa fortification, cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 for Hispanic women of reproductive age with available red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations were analyzed, with additional analyses conducted among Hispanic women whose sole source of folic acid intake was fortified foods (enriched cereal grain products (ECGP) only), excluding ready-to-eat cereals and supplements. RBC folate concentration (adjusted geometric mean) among Hispanic women of reproductive age did not differ between 2011–2016 and 2017–2018, though RBC folate concentration increased significantly among lesser acculturated Hispanic women consuming ECGP only. Concentrations of RBC folate for those born outside the U.S and residing in the U.S <15 years increased from 894 nmol/L (95% CI: 844–946) in 2011–2016 to 1018 nmol/L (95% CI: 982–1162; p < 0.001) in 2017–2018. Primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic women of reproductive age who only consumed ECGP saw an increase from 941 nmol/L (95% CI: 895–990) in 2011–2016 to 1034 nmol/L (95% CI: 966–1107; p = 0.03) in 2017–2018. By subpopulation, we observed no significant changes in the proportion at risk of NTDs (<748 nmol/L) and no changes in the model-based estimated NTD rates following voluntary corn masa fortification. This analysis suggests that there is a remaining risk among Hispanics for folate sensitive NTDs, though continued monitoring of folate status in future NHANES data cycles will help inform the long-term efficacy of voluntary fortification of corn masa flour.

The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress induced by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the brain and liver tissues of Balb/c mice as well as protective effects of taurine and coenzyme Q (CoQ ) in both organs. For this purpose, animals were treated with PFOA (15 and 30 mg/kg) orally and their lipid peroxidation, total glutathione levels (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities measured and both tissues analysed for histopathological changes. Our results showed a dose-dependent decrease in body weight and increase in relative brain and liver weights, PFOA-induced lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the brain tissue, and changes in GSH levels, GPx, superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver tissue. Pre-treatment with taurine or CoQ provided protection against PFOA-induced Cu-Zn SOD reduction in the liver tissue. Our findings evidence the depleting effect of PFOA on antioxidative systems and confirm that PFOA exerts its (neuro)toxicity through oxidative stress, but further research is needed to identify the exact toxicity mechanisms, especially in the brain.

The effect of substituting maize (masa) flour with Bambara groundnut flour in tortillas production was investigated. Thermal, antioxidant, physicochemical properties, degree of puffing and rollability of flour and tortillas were determined. Tortillas were produced from maize and Bambara Groundnut (BGN) flours at the ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20, respectively. Compositing maize with BGN flour showed an improvement on the proximate composition of maize flour and tortillas; however, carbohydrate content of tortillas significantly decreased with the addition of BGN in blends from 77.07 to 55.22. The temperatures of gelatinisation such as onset temperature (To) of flour blends increased from 57.50 to 71.95 °C, peak temperature (Tp) from 74.94 to 76.74 °C and the end temperature (Te) from 81.72 to 91.58 °C. Composite flours and tortillas had higher values of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activities than the control sample. Textural properties of control tortillas were higher than that of composite tortillas. Increase in the levels of BGN flour improved the weight and thickness of tortillas. However, diameter and spread ratio decreased. Degree of puffing and rollability of tortillas increased with the incorporation levels of BGN flour.

In the following study, the simulation of the polymeric-grade acrylic acid (AA) production process is carried out using the simulator ChemCAD® version 5.2.0., in order to obtain mass balance results in all the process streams and also to know the most important design parameters of the equipment used. Two sensitivity studies were carried out: 1) influence of the absorption tower operating temperature in the amount of AA obtained at the bottom column; and 2) influence of the recovery column working pressure in the amount of acetic acid obtained on it. At the recovery column a liquid bottom stream containing AA with 99.90 % purity is obtained, while in the acids column the AA is obtained with 99.86 % purity at the bottom stream. It’s recommended that the absorption tower operates at a temperature near 20 °C, while the recovery column must run under vacuum conditions, in order to reduce both the AA and acetic acid losses.

Introduction: Total-body aerobic gymnastics involving the whole body offers an innovative aspect regarding afterburn effects. Objectives: This study aimed to prove that 45 minutes of total-body aerobic gymnastic exercise with 88 beats per minute was significantly more effective than 45 minutes of walking exercise with a low-intensity steady state. Methodology: Materials and methods, this inferential study used a two-group experimental design involving as many as 50 sedentary adult women to prove that total-body aerobic gymnastic exercises were more effective than LISS exercises in improving body composition. The instrument used is body composition analysis (InBody). The data analysis techniques are the sapphire will test and independent samples t-test. Discussion: In the total-body aerobic gymnastics group, the body mass index decreased from 29.4 0.22 Kg/m2  to 24.1  0.29 Kg/m2 (p<0.05), decreased from 36.2% to 31.3  0.33% (p<0.05), and there was an increase in body muscle percentage from 29.8  0.52% to 33.9  0.67% (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the walking with LISS group (p>0.05). Conclusions:  total body aerobic gymnastics is significantly more effective than walking with LISS in improving body composition. Introducción: La gimnasia aeróbica de cuerpo entero que involucra todo el cuerpo ofrece un aspecto innovador en cuanto a los efectos de postcombustión. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar que 45 minutos de ejercicio gimnástico aeróbico de cuerpo completo con 88 latidos por minuto fueron significativamente más efectivos que 45 minutos de ejercicio de caminata con un estado estacionario de baja intensidad. Metodología: Materiales y métodos, este estudio inferencial utilizó un diseño experimental de dos grupos que involucró hasta 50 mujeres adultas sedentarias para demostrar que los ejercicios de gimnasia aeróbica de cuerpo completo eran más efectivos que los ejercicios LISS para mejorar la composición corporal. El instrumento utilizado es el análisis de la composición corporal (InBody). Las técnicas de análisis de datos son la prueba de zafiro y la prueba t de muestras independientes. Discusión: En el grupo de gimnasia aeróbica de cuerpo entero, el índice de masa corporal disminuyó de 29,4 0,22 Kg/m2  a 24,1  0,29 Kg/m2 (p<0,05), disminuyó de 36,2% a 31,3  0,33% (p<0,05) y hubo un aumento en el porcentaje de músculo corporal de 29,8  0,52% a 33,9  0,67% (p<0,05). No se observaron cambios significativos en el grupo de caminar con LISS (p>0,05). Conclusiones:  la gimnasia aeróbica de cuerpo total es significativamente más efectiva que caminar con LISS en la mejora de la composición corporal. Introdução: A ginástica aeróbica de corpo inteiro, envolvendo todo o corpo, oferece um aspeto inovador em relação aos efeitos pós-queima.Objectivos: Este estudo teve como objectivo comprovar que 45 minutos de exercícios de ginástica aeróbica de corpo inteiro, com 88 batimentos por minuto, foram significativamente mais eficazes do que 45 minutos de exercícios de marcha em estado estacionário de baixa intensidade.Metodologia: Materiais e métodos: este estudo inferencial utilizou um desenho experimental de dois grupos, envolvendo até 50 mulheres adultas sedentárias, para comprovar que os exercícios de ginástica aeróbica de corpo inteiro foram mais eficazes do que os exercícios LISS na melhoria da composição corporal. O instrumento utilizado é a análise da composição corporal (InBody). As técnicas de análise de dados foram o teste de Sapphire Will e o teste t para amostras independentes.Discussão: No grupo da ginástica aeróbica de corpo inteiro, o índice de massa corporal diminuiu de 29,4 ± 0,22 kg/m² para 24,1 ± 0,29 kg/m² (p<0,05), diminuiu de 36,2% para ± 0,22 ± 1,3 ± 0,33% (p<0,05) e verificou-se um aumento da percentagem de massa muscular corporal de 29,8 ± 0,52% para 33,9 ± 0,67% (p<0,05). Não foram observadas alterações significativas no grupo que realizou marcha com LISS (p>0,05).Conclusões: a ginástica aeróbica de corpo inteiro é significativamente mais eficaz do que a marcha com LISS na melhoria da composição corporal.

Imaging position shift based on the multiple azimuth squint angles (MASA) mode is effective for target azimuth velocity estimation, whereas accuracy is low when target range velocity is high. In this paper, the estimation problem for both target azimuth and range velocities is considered based on the multi-channels MASA (MC-MASA) mode. Firstly, the acquisition geometry of MC-MASA mode and Doppler characteristics of a moving target are analyzed in detail, especially in squint mode. Then, for better moving target estimation, the stationary background clutter is removed using the displacement phase center antenna (DPCA) technique, and the failure in range velocity estimation with sequential SAR images is also discussed. Furthermore, a modified along-track interferometry (ATI) is proposed to preliminarily reconstruct the azimuth-and-range velocity map based on the MC-MASA mode. Since the velocity estimation accuracy is dependent on squint angle and signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR), the circumstances are divided into three cases with different iteration estimation strategies, which could expand the scene application scope of velocity estimation and achieve a high estimation accuracy along both azimuth and range directions. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental results.

We construct a pure state on the C*-algebra 𝓑(ℓ₂) of all bounded linear operators on ℓ₂, which is not diagonalizable [i.e., it is not of the form limu⩽T(ek), ek⩾ for any orthonormal basis (ek)kϵℕ of ℓ₂ and an ultrafilter u on ℕ]. This constitutes a counterexample to Anderson’s conjecture without additional hypothesis and improves results of C. Akemann, N. Weaver, I. Farah, and I. Smythe who constructed such states making additional set-theoretic assumptions. It follows from results of J. Anderson and the positive solution to the Kadison–Singer problem due to A. Marcus, D. Spielman, and N. Srivastava that the restriction of our pure state to any atomic masa D((ek)kϵℕ) of diagonal operators with respect to an orthonormal basis (ek)kϵℕ is not multiplicative on D((ek)kϵℕ).

Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World offers a broad exploration of the conceptual foundations for comparative analysis of media and politics globally. It takes as its point of departure the widely used framework of Hallin and Mancini's Comparing Media Systems, exploring how the concepts and methods of their analysis do and do not prove useful when applied beyond the original focus of their 'most similar systems' design and the West European and North American cases it encompassed. It is intended both to use a wider range of cases to interrogate and clarify the conceptual framework of Comparing Media Systems and to propose new models, concepts and approaches that will be useful for dealing with non-Western media systems and with processes of political transition. Comparing Media Systems Beyond the Western World covers, among other cases, Brazil, China, Israel, Lebanon, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Thailand.