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"masculinity and femininity"
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Lucidity of Space and Gendered Performativity in Arabic Digital Literature
This article seeks to examine a new trend in Arabic women’s literature that not only aims to forge women’s communities but also creates resistance. Digital media is the mechanism that some Arab women authors employ to implement and foster a self-authority that acknowledges flexible identities in an age of revolutions and search for freedom. As a case study, I examine Ahlam Mosteghanemi’s Nessayne com and Rajaa Alsanea’s novel Girls of Riyadh, which originally appearing as compendiums, and Ibrahim Alsaqir’s novel Girls of Riyadh: The Complete Picture that comes as a literary response to the resistance of cultural and gender establishments. I suggest that the digital realm provides an arena for women to resist oppressing social establishments and that literary works and digital practices like Alsanea’s create spaces of and for resistance. Moreover, Alsanea’s and Mosteghanemi’s works are committed to promoting change in Arab societies, bridging the public and the private sphere by means of digital content. Arab women writers’ sites and blogs address subjects that challenge prevalent gendered structures in the Arab world, deconstruct cultural norms, give visibility and focus on the implications of gender on memory, love, masculinity and femininity, and sexuality. They do so by employing chats as a narrative technique that engages readers and women’s communities in the characters’ experiences and thereby inviting them to participate in making their work a site of challenge to gender and cultural establishments. As Alsanea’s representations of women subjectivities are uncommon and her characters defy the notion of the universality of woman as a shared gender, they are prohibited, criticized, and challenged. Those who defy gender performativity, such as Alsanea and Mosteghanemi, enact feminist resistance. The study engages with MENA gender and masculinity literature. It is also informed by Judith Butler’s notion of performativity, the construction of gender, and the demystification of the universalistic notion of “woman”.
Journal Article
Culture and COVID-19: Impact of Cross-Cultural Dimensions on Behavioral Responses
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted every sphere of human life across all nations of the world. Countries adapted and responded to the crisis in different ways with varied outcomes and different degrees of success in mitigation efforts. Studies have examined institutional and policy-based responses to the pandemic. However, to gain a holistic understanding of the pandemic response strategy and its effectiveness, it is also important to understand the cultural foundations of a society driving its response behavior. Towards that end, this entry focuses on a few key cultural dimensions of difference across countries and proposes that national culture is related to the protective behavior adopted by societies during COVID-19. The cultural dimensions examined in relation to COVID-19 include the dimensions of individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, and future orientation. Inferences are drawn from academic research, published data, and discernible indicators of social behavior. The entry provides pointers for each dimension of culture and proposes that cultural awareness be made an important element of policy making while responding to crises such as COVID-19.
Journal Article
Gender and material culture in Britain since 1600
\"What does material culture tell us about gendered identities and how does gender reveal the meaning of spaces and things? This edited collection looks at the adornment of the body, dress and material cultures of the home and public spaces to demonstrate how people in Britain have presented themselves as gendered beings from 1600 through to today\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
GENDER AND INEQUALITY IN THE GLOBAL LABOR FORCE
This review examines the convergence of recent anthropological interests in
gender, labor, and globalization. Attention to gender and gender inequality
offers a productive strategy for the analysis of globalizing processes and
their local variations and contestations. Contemporary ethnographic research
explores multiple dimensions of labor and gender inequalities in the global
economy: gendered patterns of labor recruitment and discipline, the
transnational mobility and commodification of reproductive labor, and the
gendered effects of international structural adjustment programs, among others.
New and continuing research explores the diverse meanings and practices that
produce a gendered global labor force, incorporating the perspectives of men
and women, masculinities and femininities, and examines how these processes of
gender and labor inequality articulate with other structures of subordination
(such as ethnicity and nationality) to shape lived experiences of work and
livelihood, exploitation and struggle, around the world.
Journal Article
Comparison of gender roles in male and female in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with control group and it's correlation with severity of clinical symptoms
Introduction: The objective of this research was to compare the gender masculine and the gender feminine roles in patients with borderline personality disorder and control group. This study was aimed to determine the correlation coefficient of the gender masculine and the gender feminine roles with severity of borderline personality disorder. Methods: In this case-control study, 17 males and 25 females with borderline personality disorder, and 22 males and 18 females in control group were examined. To evaluate the sex roles, the Bem sex role inventory (BSRI) and the gender masculine (GF) and gender feminine (GF) roles derived from the Minnesota Multi-Stage Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) were used. The borderline personality disorder and its severity were diagnosed using a semistructured clinical interview based on DSM-IV for personality disorders (SCID-II). Pearson correlation coefficient and variance analysis were used to analyze the findings. Results: According to GM inventory, no significant difference was found between the male patients and control group subjects. No significant difference was found between female patients and control group subjects and between male patients and two groups of women. Based on the GF inventory, the femininity of male and female patients and control group of men was less than that of control group of women. Based on BSRI, gender masculine traits score was significantly higher in men and women with borderline personality disorder than those in control group of men and control group of women. In gender feminine trait score, control group of women obtained higher scores than both of control group of men and men with borderline personality disorder. There was no significant difference between control group of women and women with borderline personality disorder. There was a significant correlation between the severity of borderline personality disorder in women and gender masculine trait score based on the Bem sex roles index (BSRI) (r=0.410, p=0.042). Conclusion: Men with borderline personality disorder had more masculinity than control group of men, although they showed no significant difference with control group based on sex role. Higher masculinity was associated with more severe personality disorder in women.
Journal Article
Masculinity vs Femininity in Polish and Ukrainian Organisational Cultures
One of the five cultural dimensions suggested by G. Hofstede, the dimension of masculinity and femininity, is very controversial. Defining cultures as feminine and masculine results in two issues. In the first, the content one, masculine cultures are characterised by “hard”, instrumental values, whereas feminine cultures by “soft” values whose core is the quality of interpersonal relations. In feminine cultures gender differences disappear, however, with the increase in the masculinisation of culture, the differences in the range of gender values grow. The article is of cognitive character. It shows the results of the research concerning the values and basic objectives in the range of dimensions of masculinity and femininity carried out in Polish and Ukrainian organizations.
Journal Article
Examining common values of the International Christian Center (IKC) and its employees
The purpose of this research is to identify if there is conflict between employees of IKC who come from masculine or feminine cultural backgrounds. In order to response this question, I focused mainly on methodology, and for the analysis of the data it used qualitative analyses. There is a benefit to study for this research paper, as it helps to communicate better for some people who work with different cultures in a workplace. I am wandering if there is a common value within the group of employees to increase the productivity of IKC. Organizational values overrode cultural background in a religious organization. Hofstede’s ranking of countries, on masculine versus feminine traits, had no effect on the level of conflict.
Journal Article
Desirable Masculinity/Femininity and Nostalgia of the “Anti-Modern”: Bab el-Hara Television Series as a Site of Production
The following essay analyzes the kinds of desires and commentaries on masculinity, social issues, and family ties that Bab el-Hara, a Syrian television series, evokes. It addresses the relationship between the national and popular media in the region, family relations and notions of femininity, and masculinity. Through content analysis and group discussion, the paper concludes that the series promotes a notion of antimodern masculinity. This anti-modern masculinity is coupled or promoted through nostalgic notions of ideal systems of justice, family, and masculinity/manhood that are in direct contrast to the failures of the nation/state to deliver in the pre-Arab Spring context. In other words, the paper argues that through evoking a sense of nostalgia for a “mythic” past, it links between a nationalist desirable masculine ‘antimodernity’ and particular desires around family relations, femininity, and women, which find broad appeal in the political context of the Arab world today, thus fostering commentary on the difficult current positions of women’s rights struggles in the contemporary gender politics of the region. I argue that the show’s promotion of an ‘anti-modern’ masculinity capable of delivering justice on the national front erodes the possibility of a gender justice future particularly in the context of the aftermath of the Arab Spring.
Journal Article