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Question-answering systems have become an important tool for learning and knowledge acquisition. However, current answer selection models often rely on representing features using whole sentences, which leads to neglecting individual words and losing important information. To address this challenge, the paper proposes a novel answer selection model based on focus fusion of multi-perspective word matching. First, according to the different combination relationships between sentences, focus distribution in terms of words is obtained from the matching perspectives of serial, parallel, and transfer. Then, the sentence’s key position information is inferred from its focus distribution. Finally, a method of aligning key information points is designed to fuse the focus distribution for each perspective, which obtains match scores for each candidate answer to the question. Experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the Transformer encoder fine-tuned model based on contextual embedding, achieving a 4.07% and 5.51% increase in MAP and a 1.63% and 4.86% increase in MRR, respectively.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought great challenges to the global health system but also bred numerous rumours about food safety. Food safety issues have once again attracted public attention. Methods The data were drawn from the fifth wave of the first Taiwan Communication Survey database. The respondents were selected via multistage stratified random sampling. The sampling units were townships/districts, villages/neighbourhoods and households. The sample consisted of 2098 respondents. This study first used propensity value matching to analyse the direct impact of online food safety information acquisition on preventive behaviours and examined the heterogeneous impact caused by the difference in the degree of topic attention through value matching. Hayes’ PROCESS macro model 6 was applied to confirm the mediating effect and the serial mediating effect. Results The research results show that an increase in the frequency of the acquisition of online food safety information significantly increases individuals’ food risk prevention behaviour. However, only users with high concern about the issue are affected. The food risk prevention behaviour of users with low concern about this issue is not affected by the acquisition of online food safety information. Further analysis shows that risk perception and information credibility both play mediating roles in the impact of online food safety information acquisition on food risk prevention behaviour. Moreover, the transmission and united effects of information credibility and risk perception play a distal mediating role. Conclusions Food risk prevention behaviours are an important topic for personal health as well as government management. Our study’s findings can provide empirical evidence for risk managers and decision-makers to reevaluate the role of the internet in food risk management.

In this paper, we look into the fundamental mechanism to retrieve the power from physical vibrations by using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) energy harvesters. An analytical model is presented for the velocity-damped resonant generator (VDRG) that delivers electrical power through the power enhancement mechanism using the mechanical resonance of a suspended mass. Deliverable power is also analytically discussed with respect to the theoretical limit, and a view to understand the VDRG behaviors is presented in association with the impedance matching condition and the quality factors. Mechano-electric power conversions including electrostatic induction, electromagnetic induction, and piezoelectric effect are discussed to study the scaling effect. Recent examples of MEMS VDRGs are reviewed and evaluated in terms of the power density.

Regulatory fit, or the match between an individual's regulatory orientation and the strategy used to sustain it, offers a pervasive predictor of customer behavior. Merely reaching a decision in a certain way influences the value of a decision or an outcome. In this research, we conduct a meta-analysis to more fully articulate the role of important conceptual moderators and demonstrate their differential effects on evaluation, behavioral intention, and behavior. In particular, we look at the source of regulatory focus (self-prime, situation-prime, chronic), the orientation (prevention, promotion), how fit is created (sustaining, matching), how fit is constructed (action, observation), and the scope of fit (incidental, integral). We also shed light on the role of several contextual factors.

HighlightsThe flexible composite film presents ultrahigh thermal conductivity and good thermal management performance in electronic devices.An original “self-modified nanointerface” strategy is used to reduce the interfacial thermal resistance between boron nitride and the polymer matrix.The ideal phonon spectrum matching between boron nitride nanocrystals and fillers as well as the strong interaction between self-modified fillers and the polymer matrix are the two major contributors to decrease the interfacial thermal resistance.While boron nitride (BN) is widely recognized as the most promising thermally conductive filler for rapidly developing high-power electronic devices due to its excellent thermal conductivity and dielectric properties, a great challenge is the poor vertical thermal conductivity when embedded in composites owing to the poor interfacial interaction causing severe phonon scattering. Here, we report a novel surface modification strategy called the “self-modified nanointerface” using BN nanocrystals (BNNCs) to efficiently link the interface between BN and the polymer matrix. Combining with ice-press assembly method, an only 25 wt% BN-embedded composite film can not only possess an in-plane thermal conductivity of 20.3 W m−1 K−1 but also, more importantly, achieve a through-plane thermal conductivity as high as 21.3 W m−1 K−1, which is more than twice the reported maximum due to the ideal phonon spectrum matching between BNNCs and BN fillers, the strong interaction between the self-modified fillers and polymer matrix, as well as ladder-structured BN skeleton. The excellent thermal conductivity has been verified by theoretical calculations and the heat dissipation of a CPU. This study provides an innovative design principle to tailor composite interfaces and opens up a new path to develop high-performance composites.

For an even set of points in the plane, choose a max-sum matching, that is, a perfect matching maximizing the sum of Euclidean distances of its edges. For each edge of the max-sum matching, consider the ellipse with foci at the edge’s endpoints and eccentricity 3/2. Using an optimization approach, we prove that the convex sets bounded by these ellipses intersect, answering a Tverberg-type question of Andy Fingerhut from 1995.

To obtain competitive advantage, the key target for the two-sided matching between technological knowledge supplier and demander is maximizing the individual exchange satisfaction. The structure of the supplier and demander relationship networks means that the two-sided matching approach not only gives point-to-point matching but also gives network-to-network matching. In this paper, supply and demand network characteristics are embedded into a two-phase decision analysis method. First, to select the matching pairs, a matching satisfaction matrix is constructed based on the supply and demand network characteristics, after which a multi-objective optimal model is built to determine the best optimization matching results and the overall improvements illustrated through comparison. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the practicality and validity of the proposed approach.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, many researchers have begun to focus on visual language navigation, which is one of the most important tasks in multi?modal machine learning. The focus of this multimodal field is how to fuse multiple inputs, which is crucial for the integrated feedback of intrinsic information. However, the existing models are only implemented through simple data augmentation or expansion, and are obviously far from being able to tap the intrinsic relationship between modalities. In this paper, to overcome these challenges, a novel multimodal matching feedback self-tuning model is proposed, which is a novel neural net?work called Vital Information Matching Feedback Self-tuning Network (VIM-Net).Our VIM-Net network is mainly composed of two matching feedback modules, a visual matching feedback module (V-mat), a trajectory matching feedback module (T-mat). Specifically, V-mat matches the target information of visual recognition with the entity information extracted by the command; T-mat matches the serialized trajectory feature with the direction of movement of the command. Ablation experiments and comparative experiments are conducted on the proposed model using the Mat?terport3D simulator and the Room-to-Room (R2R) benchmark dataset, and the final navigation effect is shown in detail. The results prove that the model proposed in this paper is indeed effective on the task.

Technology use is increasingly integrated into daily life, including among older adults, whose adoption and engagement with technology warrant closer examination. According to the matching person and technology model, technology adoption is more likely when a person's preferences and needs align with a device's functions and features, as well as the environment in which it is used. However, factors such as age-related changes, evolving preferences, and the rapid pace of digital transformation complicate this process. Additionally, older adults often rely on support from family members and health professionals, yet their perspectives remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the daily technology use of older adults in Israel from a triangle perspective, incorporating the views of older adults, family members, and health professionals. It explored preferred technology-based activities, device features, the shift from in-person to technology-based interactions, and responses to mismatches between preferences, device characteristics, and social support. Nine web-based focus groups, each with 6 to 7 participants, were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2021 to July 2022). Participants included 20 healthy, independent older adults (10 women, aged 66-80 years), 19 family members (children and grandchildren, aged 21-55 years), and 20 health professionals with at least 5 years of experience working with older adults. Older adults demonstrated diverse preferences for technology use in daily activities, shaped by urgency, significance, and device characteristics. This perspective was reinforced by family members and health professionals, who highlighted the importance of distinguishing between technology types based on their users and features. Additionally, older adults expressed mixed views on shifting from in-person interactions to digital alternatives, while family members and health professionals emphasized the importance of social interaction for well-being. Finally, older adults described significant emotional challenges when navigating technology. Family members and health professionals identified key contributors, including the gap between perceived and actual technological abilities, generational differences in digital exposure, and cognitive demands associated with technology use. This study highlights the significant variability in older adults' daily activity preferences, which strongly influences their technology use. It suggests shifting the focus from technology to its practical application in meeting individual needs. In this context, it is important to consider the need for social interactions. Addressing social interaction needs and emotional challenges is crucial, as unmet technological needs can lead to frustration and disengagement. These insights can inform strategies to enhance technology use among older adults by aligning technology design and support systems with their preferences and needs.

The Surinamese population in the Netherlands is an ethnically diverse group with a specific need for transfusion or transplantation due to a higher prevalence of diseases like beta-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. This study explored the willingness of Surinamese individuals in the Netherlands to donate blood, stem cell, and live organ donation, and preferred information dissemination methods. A sequential, qualitative, exploratory study was conducted using an online questionnaire and a focus group to examine the willingness to donate living tissue. Participants were Surinamese individuals aged 18-55 residing in the Netherlands. The questionnaires were inductively thematically analysed. The results led to in-depth questioning and discussion among the focus group, which consisted of four men and four women. The session was recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. We identified ten themes across tissue types: 1) awareness of needs; 2) information and knowledge; 3) donation process; 4) cues to action; 5) attitude; 6) religion; 7) health challenges; 8) fear; 9) social cohesion and solidarity; 10) relationship with recipient. Willingness to donate blood was high, but they faced barriers, including registration challenges and limited access. Stem cell donation was seen as invasive. Living organ donation was considered only for emotionally close recipients. Participants were unaware of shortages and the importance of ethnic matching. They called for inclusive campaigns reflecting broader ethnic diversity, not just Suriname. Future strategies should simplify access to information, registration, and donation processes. Most participants were unfamiliar with living donations, and perceived barriers were key reasons for not donating. Emotional bonds and awareness of ethnic matching and shortages motivated willingness. Participants stressed the need for tailored, ethnic-specific campaigns to address barriers and misconceptions, emphasise ethnic matching, and highlight reliance on their communities for successful living donation.