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We conduct a laboratory experiment in which participants can make donations to real charities. We vary whether the experimenter provides matching funds for any such donations, and whether there is individual or team competition for these matching funds. Our results indicate that providing matching funds for all donations does increase donations from 23% to 33% of the endowment. While individual competition for matching funds had nearly the same effectiveness as matching all donations, by far the most effective approach was to form (anonymous) teams that competed for matching funds; this led to donations of 47% of the endowment. We appeal to the notion of group identity to explain our results—participants seemed to be reluctant to “let down their team” in a competition. Our results can be seen as providing support for the notion that combining group identity and competition creates a motivation that can potentially be harnessed effectively for prosocial purposes. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.

Most small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Korea struggle in financing R&D. Thus, the Korea Core Industrial Technology Investment Association (KITIA) was established to implement a matching fund program (MFP) to help SMEs with this undertaking. Applicant firms to the MFP are reviewed first based on their technology levels and are required to attract financing from venture capitalists (VCs), before receiving funds from the MFP. This paper, based on KITIAs MFP applicant data from 2001 to 2004, evaluates the performance of the MFP in terms of the success rate of funded SMEs' initial public offerings (IPOs) and bankruptcy rates in relation to those SMEs that could not attract matching funds. Propensity score matching was used to eliminate selection bias from the data in order to assess the actual treatment effect of the MFP. According to the result of logistic regression applied to the matched data, MFP apparently did not have significant effects on IPO success and bankruptcy. This implies that MFP needs to allow VCs more time to evaluate SMEs covering qualitative aspects as well. It is expected that this change of structure can provide better performance of MFP in terms of IPO success and bankruptcy of matched SMEs.

This paper quantifies the impact of grants from EUfunds on non-financial corporations performance in Croatia. For the purposes of the research, three different data sources were used, which were merged into a single enterprise level database. Enterprises for the control group were selected using propensity score matching method, while the quantifications of effects in the years after receiving the support were estimated using difference in differences method. Also, the doseresponse relationship between the relative size of the received grant and the level of impact on performance indicators was assessed. The research showed that the use of EU funds has a strong and positive effect on the observed indicators, such as employment, operating income, labour productivity or total factor productivity and capital intensity. At the same time, the level of impact significantly depends on the relative size of grant received from EU funds.

\"We are so very fortunate to have access to this Fund thanks to [Warren Kimel]'s overwhelming generosity,\" said Sherman. \"It's been a pleasure meeting with members of our community at all levels of giving so far. Everyone has been extremely welcoming and Warren and I are confident that the Chairmen's Challenge Fund will help us find the new dollars necessary to meet the challenge of this campaign.\"

\"We've been active in Israel for many years, but this is the first time we have taken such an active role in trying to stimulate philanthropy there,\" the group's Canadian-born president, [Mark Charendoff], said in an interview last week. \"Canadian Jews enjoy a far closer relationship with Israel than do their cousins south of the border,\" he said. \"We are really looking to the Canadian Jewish community to continue their leadership in this respect. \"Our hope is that they will inspire some of the young Jews of wealth in the United States by their example and help us foster the next generation of Jewish philanthropists who will be dedicated to making a difference in Israel and in the lives of Israelis.\" \"We've been active in Israel for many years, but this is the first time we have taken such an active role in trying to stimulate philanthropy there,\" the group's Canadian-born president, [Mark Charendoff], said in an interview last week. \"Canadian Jews enjoy a far closer relationship with Israel than do their cousins south of the border,\" he said. \"We are really looking to the Canadian Jewish community to continue their leadership in this respect. \"Our hope is that they will inspire some of the young Jews of wealth in the United States by their example and help us foster the next generation of Jewish philanthropists who will be dedicated to making a difference in Israel and in the lives of Israelis.\"

After an introductory discussion of the basic structure of child welfare in Canada, and how the movement for preparing young people for independent living has arisen and picked up momentum, the author describes in detail the program models now in existence in Canada. The article concludes with several observations that characterize the Canadian experience so far, and what the outlook calls for.

We report on the centralization of a two-sided matching-with-contracts market, in which pre-existing choice functions violate the substitutes condition. The ability to accommodate these choice functions was critical for the success of our design. The new mechanism is stable and strategy-proof for applicants. It is well accepted by both sides of the market. Our study provides a strong empirical validation for the practical relevance of recent theoretical advances on matching without substitutes.

We investigate the testable implications of the theory of stable matchings. We provide a characterization of the matchings that are rationalizable as stable matchings when agents' preferences are unobserved. The characterization is a simple nonparametric test for stability, in the tradition of revealed preference tests. We also characterize the observed stable matchings when monetary transfers are allowed and the stable matchings that are best for one side of the market: extremal stable matchings. We find that the theory of extremal stable matchings is observationally equivalent to requiring that there be a unique stable matching or that the matching be consistent with unrestricted monetary transfers.

We study a dynamic matching environment where individuals arrive sequentially. There is a tradeoff between waiting for a thicker market, allowing for higher-quality matches, and minimizing agents' waiting costs. The optimal mechanism cumulates a stock of incongruent pairs up to a threshold and matches all others in an assortative fashion instantaneously. In discretionary settings, a similar protocol ensues in equilibrium, but expected queues are inefficiently long. We quantify the welfare gain from centralization, which can be substantial, even for low waiting costs. We also evaluate welfare improvements generated by alternative priority protocols.

Donors tend to avoid charities that dedicate a high percentage of expenses to administrative and fundraising costs, limiting the ability of nonprofits to be effective. We propose a solution to this problem: Use donations from major philanthropists to cover overhead expenses and offer potential donors an overhead-free donation opportunity. A laboratory experiment testing this solution confirms that donations decrease when overhead increases, but only when donors pay for overhead themselves. In a field experiment with 40,000 potential donors, we compared the overhead-free solution with other common uses of initial donations. Consistent with prior research, informing donors that seed money has already been raised increases donations, as does a $1:$1 matching campaign. Our main result, however, clearly shows that informing potential donors that overhead costs are covered by an initial donation significantly increases the donation rate by 80% (or 94%) and total donations by 75% (or 89%) compared with the seed (or matching) approach.