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Technology and medicine : shaping modern healthcare
Taking a holistic approach, this book describes the developments in medicine and medical technology from ancient times to modern days. It is an exciting journey where readers will learn about the many great inventions by people that did not take the knowledge of their times as a fact. They challenged mysticism, beliefs, the religion, and the Church. They were true scientists long before we knew how to define what a scientist is. This book is, in a way, connecting the dots between the past and the future within healthcare. Features * Provides details on further developments that gave new and exceptional information for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes Gives the reader a new perspective and a common thread of life on medicine and MedTech as well as an improved understanding of how far we have come and how much there still is to work on before we fully understand the human body and its functionality Discusses and gives insight into ongoing research projects that could become clinically available in the future.
BOOK
Philosophy and dietetics in the Hippocratic on regimen : a delicate balance of health
This book offers the first extended study published in English on the Hippocratic treatise On Regimen, one of the most important pre-Platonic documents of the discussion of human nature and other topics at the intersection of ancient medicine and philosophy.
eBook
Usability, Engagement, and Report Usefulness of Chatbot-Based Family Health History Data Collection: Mixed Methods Analysis
Family health history (FHx) is an important predictor of a person's genetic risk but is not collected by many adults in the United States.
This study aims to test and compare the usability, engagement, and report usefulness of 2 web-based methods to collect FHx.
This mixed methods study compared FHx data collection using a flow-based chatbot (KIT; the curious interactive test) and a form-based method. KIT's design was optimized to reduce user burden. We recruited and randomized individuals from 2 crowdsourced platforms to 1 of the 2 FHx methods. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess the method's usability, the usefulness of a report summarizing their experience, user-desired chatbot enhancements, and general user experience. Engagement was studied using log data collected by the methods. We used qualitative findings from analyzing free-text comments to supplement the primary quantitative results.
Participants randomized to KIT reported higher usability than those randomized to the form, with a mean System Usability Scale score of 80.2 versus 61.9 (P<.001), respectively. The engagement analysis reflected design differences in the onboarding process. KIT users spent less time entering FHx information and reported more conditions than form users (mean 5.90 vs 7.97 min; P=.04; and mean 7.8 vs 10.1 conditions; P=.04). Both KIT and form users somewhat agreed that the report was useful (Likert scale ratings of 4.08 and 4.29, respectively). Among desired enhancements, personalization was the highest-rated feature (188/205, 91.7% rated medium- to high-priority). Qualitative analyses revealed positive and negative characteristics of both KIT and the form-based method. Among respondents randomized to KIT, most indicated it was easy to use and navigate and that they could respond to and understand user prompts. Negative comments addressed KIT's personality, conversational pace, and ability to manage errors. For KIT and form respondents, qualitative results revealed common themes, including a desire for more information about conditions and a mutual appreciation for the multiple-choice button response format. Respondents also said they wanted to report health information beyond KIT's prompts (eg, personal health history) and for KIT to provide more personalized responses.
We showed that KIT provided a usable way to collect FHx. We also identified design considerations to improve chatbot-based FHx data collection: First, the final report summarizing the FHx collection experience should be enhanced to provide more value for patients. Second, the onboarding chatbot prompt may impact data quality and should be carefully considered. Finally, we highlighted several areas that could be improved by moving from a flow-based chatbot to a large language model implementation strategy.
Journal Article
Impact of providing a customized guideline on virtual medical history taking in two serious games for medical education
Serious games are known as safe learning environments, allowing medical students to train their skills without endangering patients' safety. By integrating virtual patients via chatbots, serious games provide the opportunity to practice history taking. The study investigated the impact of self-directed learning by means of a customized guideline on history taking in two distinct chatbot systems embedded in serious games.
Fourth-year medical students (
= 159) were randomized to one of two serious games, each representing an emergency department and simulating different clinical scenarios. Students played the serious games at two measurement points and received a guideline between both sessions. The chatbots differed in the manner of query entry, with one requiring students to formulate history taking questions themselves, while the other provided a long menu of selectable questions. The dependent variables analyzed included the history taking data entered into the chatbots, represented as a quantified history score, as well as students' comparative self-assessments of their learning outcomes.
Comparing only the first measurement point, students achieved higher scores in the free-entry chatbot (85.2 ± 27.7) compared to the long menu chatbot (78.8 ± 35.7). Students achieved significantly higher scores in the second than in the first session in the long menu chatbot (
(315) = -2.918,
= .004,
= -0.229) but not in the free-entry chatbot after receiving the guideline. In terms of students' self-assessment, no significant difference between both serious games was found.
The results suggest that history taking benefits from self-directed learning in a long menu format relying on cued recall but not in a free-entry chatbot relying on free recall. Since serious games are partially artificial learning environments for training history taking, future studies should examine the extent to which students can transfer their learning in and out of serious games.
Journal Article
The Chief Concern of Medicine
Unlike any existing studies of the medical humanities,The Chief Concern of Medicinebrings to the examination of medical practices a thorough---and clearly articulated---exposition of the nature of narrative. The book builds on the work of linguistics, semiotics, narratology, and discourse theory and examines numerous literary works and narrative \"vignettes\" of medical problems, situations, and encounters. Throughout, the book presents usable expositions of the ways storytelling organizes itself to allow physicians and other healthcare workers (and even patients themselves) to be more attentive to and self-conscious about the information---the \"narrative knowledge\"---of the patient's story.
eBook
Medical inventions : the best of health
\"Innovations in the medical field save countless lives daily. In this fascinating title, a timeline of breakthrough medical inventions is explored through dynamic photographs and interesting fact boxes. Fleming's advances with penicillin and the invention of the X-ray machine are some of the featured inventions that keep us in \"the best of health!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Private Practices
Private Practices examines the relationship between science, sexuality, gender, race, and culture in the making of modern America between 1920 and 1950, when contradictions among liberal intellectuals affected the rise of U.S. conservatism. Naoko Wake focuses on neo-Freudian, gay psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan, founder of the interpersonal theory of mental illness. She explores medical and social scientists' conflicted approach to homosexuality, particularly the views of scientists who themselves lived closeted lives.
Wake discovers that there was a gap--often dramatic, frequently subtle--between these scientists' \"public\" understanding of homosexuality (as a \"disease\") and their personal, private perception (which questioned such a stigmatizing view). This breach revealed a modern culture in which self-awareness and open-mindedness became traits of \"mature\" gender and sexual identities. Scientists considered individuals of society lacking these traits to be \"immature,\" creating an unequal relationship between practitioners and their subjects. In assessing how these dynamics--the disparity between public and private views of homosexuality and the uneven relationship between scientists and their subjects--worked to shape each other, Private Practices highlights the limits of the scientific approach to subjectivity and illuminates its strange career--sexual subjectivity in particular--in modern U.S. culture.
eBook