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This research analyzes the influence of psycho-emotional factors in diabetic, considering the knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Emotions are an integral part of human life, but also they can influence on disease factors when these are excessively strong. The fundamentals of MTC indicate the mutual relationship between the body organs and a specific emotion. In diabetes, the main affected organs are the spleen and the pancreas, both related to mental aspects. The study presents descriptive and analytical character with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews. 12 people aged between 40 and 80 were involved in this research. According to data, most participants indicate an important frequency of concern feelings. Tendency to psycho-emotional susceptibility and lack of control of thoughts were found.   Keywords: Alternative Medicine, Acupunture, Diabetes, Emotions, Psycho-emotional aspects, Traditional Chinese Medicine. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a influência de fatores psicoemocionais em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus (DM), considerando os conhecimentos da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC). As emoções são parte integral da vida humana e, quando excessivamente intensas, podem atuar como fatores de adoecimento. O estudo apresenta caráter descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando entrevista semi-estruturada e análise de conteúdo. Participaram 12 pessoas entre 40 e 80 anos de idade. Os fundamentos da MTC indicam a relação mútua entre os órgãos e uma emoção específica. No DM, os principais órgãos prejudicados são o baço e o pâncreas, relacionados com o pensamento. Os dados indicam importante frequência do sentimento de preocupação na maioria dos entrevistados, diante de problemas. Constatou-se tendência à susceptibilidade psicoemocional, com falta de controle dos pensamentos. Esta investigación busca comprender la influencia de factores psicoemocionales en personas con diabetes, considerando los conocimientos de la Medicina Tradicional China (MTC). Las emociones forman parte integral de la vida humana y, cuando son excesivamente intensas, pueden actuar como factores de enfermedad. Los fundamentos de la MTC indican la relación mutua entre los órganos y una emoción especifica. En la diabetes, los principales órganos afectados son el bazo y el páncreas, relacionados con el pensamiento. El estudio es de carácter descriptivo, abordaje cualitativo y utilizó el análisis de contenido como estrategia metodológica y la entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recolección de la información. Participaron 12 personas entre 40 y 80 años de edad. Los datos indican una importante frecuencia de sentimientos de preocupación en la mayoría de los entrevistados. Fue constatada la tendencia a la susceptibilidad psicoemocional, con falta de control de los pensamientos.  

This book introduces the methodology for collection and identification of herbal materials, extraction and isolation of compounds from herbs, in vitro bioassay, in vivo animal test, toxicology, and clinical trials of herbal research. To fully understand and make the best use of herbal medicines requires the close combination of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmacology, and clinical science. Although there are many books about traditional medicines research, they mostly focus on either chemical or pharmacological study results of certain plants. This book, however, covers the systematic study and analysis of herbal medicines in general - including chemical isolation and identification, bioassay and mechanism study, pharmacological experiment, and quality control of the raw plant material and end products.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. From a pathophysiological perspective, strokes are triggered by brain tissue hypoxia, which produces a functional and structural damage of the interconnected cellular and non-cellular network formed by the neurovascular unit and the extracellular matrix. In response to the damage, this network initiates and maintains the tissue repair process. Despite this, stroke is not limited to a molecular event, but also encompasses the life story of the patients who suffer from this condition and have to integrate it into their physical, emotional and mental dimensions. With this in mind, the needs of the approach and treatment of patients can be satisfied by other medical systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, which considers the signs and symptoms of stroke as the result of a disharmony created and perpetuated by environmental, emotional and mental causes, as well as by lifestyle.

Abstract This study aimed to carry out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of the Rodeadouro Island, Jatoba Island and Massangano Island, located in The Submedium São Francisco River Valley. Also phytochemicals and preliminary pharmacological tests were performed to species most cited by the community. Ethnobotanical data were collected through observation visits and semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants. We calculated the relative importance (RI), the percentage of agreement related to the main uses (cAMU) and use value (UV). The aerial parts of Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer were used to obtain the lyophilizate (LYO-Re), crude ethanol extract (CEE-Re) and their hexanic (HEX-Re), chloroform (CLO-Re) and ethyl acetate (EA-Re) fractions. The microdilution technique was used for determining Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selected microorganisms. Already the spasmolytic effect was evaluated in isolated uterus fragments of Wistar rats, pre contracted with KCl 60 mM. We found 34 species cited, belonging to 22 families. The most plants were grown by locals. There were 51 different diseases, but the main indication was infectious and parasitic diseases. The species R. echinus was the most reported and it was indicated for urinary tract infection and dysmenorrhea. The screening revealed a higher prevalence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans and saponins in LYO-Re and AE-Re. Already terpene compounds were more present in HEX-Re and CLO-Re. The RE-Re fraction stood out with strong effect against E. coli and S. aureus while CEE-Re has moderate effect against gram-negative bacteria. The evaluation of the spasmolytic activity showed that LYO-Re, CEE-Re and HEX-Re fractions have similar activity, with partial effect and concentration-dependent response. This work brought about knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the riparian of the São Francisco River. It also revealed the importance of other methodologies for scientific evidence for the popular use of R. echinus. Resumo Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas nas ilhas do Massangano, Jatobá II e Rodeadouro, localizadas entre Petrolina-PE e Juazeiro-BA, no submédio do rio São Francisco e posterior investigação fitoquímica e farmacológica da espécie mais citada, conforme a indicação da comunidade. Realizaram-se visitas de observação nas ilhas e os dados etnobotânicos foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 informantes-chave. Calculou-se a Importância Relativa (IR), a Porcentagem Corrigida de Concordância quanto ao Uso Principal (CUPc) e o Valor de Uso (VU). Utilizaram-se as partes aéreas da espécie mais citada para obtenção do extrato etanólico bruto (EEB-Re), suas frações hexânica (HEX-Re), clorofórmica (CLO-Re) e acetato de etila (AE-Re); o produto liofilizado (LIO-Re) e o óleo essencial (OE-Re). A técnica de microdiluição foi usada para determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para microorganismos selecionados. A atividade espasmolítica foi avaliada em fragmentos isolados de útero de ratas Wistar pré-contraídos com KCl 60 mM. Foram relatadas 34 espécies, contidas em 22 famílias diferentes. A maioria das plantas era cultivada pelos moradores. Registraram-se 51 enfermidades diferentes, mas a principal indicação foi doenças parasitárias e infecciosas. A espécie Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer foi a mais citada, com principal indicação para tratar infecção do trato urinário e dismenorreia. O screening fitoquímico revelou prevalência de flavonoides, taninos, lignanas e saponinas em LIO-Re e AE-Re e compostos terpênicos em HEX-Re e CLO-Re. Os testes antibacterianos mostraram que AE-Re é mais atuante contra E. coli e S. aureus do que para P. aeruginosa. O EEB-Re tem efeito parcial contra bactérias gram-negativas e OE-Re possui moderada resposta para todos microorganismos testados. LIO-Re, EEB-Re e HEX-Re possuem atividade espasmolítica dependente da concentração, sem diferença significativa e sem relaxamento total. Este trabalho trouxe conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais pelos ribeirinhos do rio São Francisco e revela a importância de estudos mais aprofundados para a comprovação científica do uso popular da R. echinus.

The film tells an epic journey where the confrontation of two different cultures is observed. In it two stories that occur in different historical times are intermingled. It begins with the meeting of Karamakate, a Cohihuano Indian, with a German anthropologist named Theo who is ill. He asks him to help him find the yakruna, a sacred plant, that grow where his people used to live and which he needs to cure his illness. After some doubts finally the Indian agrees to accompany him. Then the action takes place around 1940, when Karamakate is now an old Indian and has lost some of his memories. He meets Evans, an American ethnobotanist, who tells him that he is looking for the yakruna, a plant he met in a book written by a famous explorer who had been in those lands many years ago. The meeting reminds him of the one that happened approximately 30 years ago, and that still brings him back sad memories. The final scenes show, the decisions that Karamakate and Evans take against several dilemmas: to forgive or continue to distrust, to respect and try to understand the culture of the other or just use it for their benefit, to share the knowledge or let them die in oblivion.

Background Full chloroplast genomes provide high resolution taxonomic discrimination between closely related plant species and are quickly replacing single and multi-locus barcoding regions as reference materials of choice for DNA based taxonomic annotation of plants. Bixa orellana , commonly known as “achiote” and “annatto” is a plant used for both human and animal foods and was thus identified for full chloroplast sequencing for the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Complete Chloroplast Animal Feed database. This work was conducted in collaboration with the Instituto de Medicina Tradicional (IMET) in Iquitos, Peru. There is a wide range of color variation in pods of Bixa orellana for which genetic loci that distinguish phenotypes have not yet been identified. Here we apply whole chloroplast genome sequencing of “red” and “yellow” individuals of Bixa orellana to provide high quality reference genomes to support kmer database development for use identifying this plant from complex mixtures using shotgun data. Additionally, we describe chloroplast gene content, synteny and phylogeny, and identify an indel and snp that may be associated with seed pod color. Results Fully assembled chloroplast genomes were produced for both red and yellow Bixa orellana accessions (158,918 and 158,823 bp respectively). Synteny and gene content was identical to the only other previously reported full chloroplast genome of Bixa orellana (NC_041550). We observed a 17 base pair deletion at position 58,399–58,415 in both accessions, relative to NC_041550 and a 6 bp deletion at position 75,531–75,526 and a snp at position 86,493 in red Bixa orellana . Conclusions Our data provide high quality reference genomes of individuals of red and yellow Bixa orellana to support kmer based identity markers for use with shotgun sequencing approaches for rapid, precise identification of Bixa orellana from complex mixtures. Kmer based phylogeny of full chloroplast genomes supports monophylly of Bixaceae consistent with alignment based approaches. A potentially discriminatory indel and snp were identified that may be correlated with the red phenotype.

Este artículo examina las disputas entre las memorias de la medicina tradicional miskitu, la medicina convencional y las doctrinas religiosas introducidas en la Moskitia nicaragüense desde el siglo xix. A partir de un enfoque etnográfico que combina observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad y experiencias personales del autor, se analizan los procesos de silenciamiento, estigmatización y marginación de los saberes curativos indígenas. Basado en los marcos teóricos de Elizabeth Jelin y Michael Pollak sobre memoria social, el estudio revela cómo estos conocimientos han sobrevivido mediante transmisión oral, prácticas clandestinas y resistencias cotidianas. En contextos donde la medicina hegemónica ha mostrado limitaciones ‒como durante la pandemia de covid-19 o frente a enfermedades espirituales‒, la medicina tradicional ha resurgido con fuerza para reconfigurarse como un sistema alternativo de sanación y cosmovisión. El artículo aporta al debate sobre la legitimidad de los saberes indígenas mediante la propuesta de un diálogo intercultural que reconozca su vigencia en contextos poscoloniales.

Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a aplicabilidade do sistema Ryodoraku no diagnóstico energético baseado nos preceitos da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada por revisores independentes em bases de dados. Resultados: encontrou-se 324 estudos. Após exclusões, oito foram analisados, com predomínio de estudos descritivos. Houve concordância acerca dos 24 pontos selecionados para a aplicação do Ryodoraku; entretanto, há divergência quanto à localização dos mesmos. Conclusões: o Ryodoraku ainda não apresenta evidências consistentes sobre sua utilização, limitando a avaliação de sua aplicabilidade.

Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a aplicabilidade do sistema Ryodoraku no diagnóstico energético baseado nos preceitos da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizada por revisores independentes em bases de dados. Resultados: encontrou-se 324 estudos. Após exclusões, oito foram analisados, com predomínio de estudos descritivos. Houve concordância acerca dos 24 pontos selecionados para a aplicação do Ryodoraku; entretanto, há divergência quanto à localização dos mesmos. Conclusões: o Ryodoraku ainda não apresenta evidências consistentes sobre sua utilização, limitando a avaliação de sua aplicabilidade.