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The position occupied in social networks influences the success of individuals in many animal species. However, the associations between bird song (an important means of communication) and the relative position in social networks remained understudied. Such associations are expected because neighbors can learn song elements from each other or change their songs due to competition, and also because song can be related to other individual traits determining social network positions. We investigated these phenomena in males of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), a passerine with complex songs and intense territorial interactions. Relying on 19 years of song recordings, we used multiple traits reflecting the spectral and temporal characteristics and complexity of songs, as well as syllable composition, to investigate if similarity in song is associated with the position in neighbor networks. We also examined whether birds settle down in an age‐dependent manner (as age is linked to individual quality) and whether the nonrandom spatial distribution of song is affected by the proportion of immigrants, young birds, or the number of displaying males. We found that the minimum frequency and the repertoire size of neighbors differed, but this pattern was not shaped by the investigated predictors. Therefore, our results highlight the need to study communication traits and social environment together. The fact that neighboring males tend to sing differently with respect to some song traits suggests that songs can be flexibly adjusted based on the performance of conspecifics. Spatial patterns in song can be influenced by social relationships, but this phenomenon is understudied. Using a long‐term dataset, we showed that close birds sing with different minimum frequencies and repertoire sizes, probably in order to make themselves distinguishable.

Author and article characteristics in CDQ articles from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed for trends over time with a special focus on the past 5 years and upon research articles. At this time (2015–2019), nearly 60% of CDQ authors are women, and only 5% of authors are not affiliated with a university. Nearly a fourth of all lead authors reside outside of the United States. From 2015 to 2019, nearly 85% of all CDQ articles published were research articles, and qualitative studies increased significantly. Nearly all other methodological, participant, sample, and statistical characteristics were stable over time. Report of effect sizes and study validity trended toward increases over time, while 81% of research studies reported relevant study reliability results.

Human use and management of fire in landscapes have a long history and vary globally in purpose and impact. Existing local research on how people use and manage fire is fragmented across multiple disciplines and is diverse in methods of data collection and analysis. If progress is to be made on systematic understanding of human fire use and management globally, so that it might be better represented in dynamic global vegetation models, for example, we need improved synthesis of existing local research and literature. The database of anthropogenic fire impacts (DAFI) presented here is a response to this challenge. We use a conceptual framework that accounts for categorical differences in the land system and socio-economic context of human fire to structure a meta-study for developing the database. From the data collated, we find that our defined anthropogenic fire regimes have distinct quantitative signatures and identify seven main modes of fire use that account for 93% of fire instance records. We describe the underlying rationales of these seven modes of fire use, map their spatial distribution and summarise their quantitative characteristics, providing a new understanding that could become the basis of improved representation of anthropogenic fire in global process-based models. Our analysis highlights the generally small size of human fires (60% of DAFI records for mean size of deliberately started fires are <21 ha) and the need for continuing improvements in methods for observing small fires via remote sensing. Future efforts to model anthropogenic fire should avoid assuming that drivers are uniform globally and will be assisted by aligning remotely sensed data with field-based data and process understanding of human fire use and management.

Private information is at the heart of many economic activities. For decades, economists have assumed that individuals are willing to misreport private information if this maximizes their material payoff. We combine data from 90 experimental studies in economics, psychology, and sociology, and show that, in fact, people lie surprisingly little. We then formalize a wide range of potential explanations for the observed behavior, identify testable predictions that can distinguish between the models, and conduct new experiments to do so. Our empirical evidence suggests that a preference for being seen as honest and a preference for being honest are the main motivations for truth-telling.

Informed decisions about sampling are critical to improving the quality of research synthesis. Even though several qualitative research synthesists have recommended purposeful sampling for synthesizing qualitative research, the published literature holds sparse discussion on how different strategies for purposeful sampling may be applied to a research synthesis. In primary research, Patton is frequently cited as an authority on the topic of purposeful sampling. In Patton's original texts that are referred to in this article, Patton does not make any suggestion of using purposeful sampling for research synthesis. This article makes a unique contribution to the literature by examining the adaptability of each of Patton's 16 purposeful sampling strategies to the process of qualitative research synthesis. It illuminates how different purposeful sampling strategies might be particularly suited to constructing multi-perspectival, emancipatory, participatory and deconstructive interpretations of published research.

Aim To conduct a meta‐study of qualitative empirical research to explore the links between patient safety and fear of childbirth in the maternity care context. The review questions were: How are patient safety and fear of childbirth described? and What are the links between patient safety and fear of childbirth in the maternity care context? Design Meta‐study. Data sources The CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Webb of Science, Proquest and Medline (Ovid) electronic databases were searched for articles published between June 2000‐June 2016. Review methods A meta‐study of qualitative research with a thematic analysis followed by a synthesis. Results Four descriptive themes emerged: “Physical risks associated with giving birth vaginally”; “Control and safety issues”; “Preventing psychological maternal trauma and optimizing foetal well‐being”; and “Fear of the transition to motherhood due to lack of confidence”. The two overarching analytical themes: “Opting for safety” and “An insecure environment breeds fear of childbirth”, represent a deeper understanding and constitute the synthesis of the links between patient safety and fear of childbirth. This meta‐study indicates the need for increased commitment to safe care and professional support to reduce risks and prevent unnecessary harm in maternity care.

To study how differences in species richness patterns of woody and herbaceous plants may be influenced by ecological and evolutionary factors. Unimodal species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) have been of interest to ecologists since they were first described three decades ago for British herbaceous vegetation by J. P. Grime. The decrease in richness at high productivity may be due to competitive exclusion of subordinate species, or diverse factors related to evolution and dispersal. Unimodal SRPRs are most often reported for plants, but there are exceptions. For example, unimodal SRPRs are common in the temperate zone but not in the tropics. Similarly, woody species and forest communities in the Northern Hemisphere do not tend to show unimodal SRPRs. Global. We used data from the literature to test whether a unimodal SRPR applies to woody species and forest communities on a global scale. We explored whether the shape of SRPRs may be related to the lack of clonality in woody species (which may prevent their being competitively superior), or the legacy of evolutionary history (most temperate woody species originate from tropical lineages, and due to niche conservatism they may still demonstrate 'tropical patterns'). We used case studies that reported the names of the dominant or most abundant species for productive sites. Woody species were indeed less clonal than herbaceous species. Both clonality and the temperate evolutionary background of dominating species were associated with unimodality in SRPRs, with woodiness modifying the clonality effect. The unimodal SRPR has been common in the ecological literature because most such studies originate from temperate herbaceous communities with many clonal species. Consequently, both evolutionary and ecological factors may influence species richness patterns.

The aim of this study was to illustrate the expansion of the volume of articles based on robotisation and automation in the hospitality and tourism industry, investigate different research designs and research directions, and explain their change from 1993 until 2024. Analyses 310 publications published in the last 32 years processed using Google Scholar search engine. The data sets used for the observations consist primarily of key research works, predominantly appearing in peer-reviewed international journals. Additional sources include conference proceedings, books, reports, and theses spanning the past three decades, from November 1993 to June 2024. The rising number of publications on the social aspects of robotisation and automation mirrors changing lifestyles, with recent research shifting from descriptive studies to empirical ones to evaluate the impacts of these technologies in the hospitality sector. This meta-analysis of 310 publications on robotisation and automation in tourism and hospitality shows a significant rise in research over the past five years, with a shift from promoting automated businesses to addressing workplace problems and guest services. Despite this growth, gaps remain in experimental robotics research and studies on data privacy, human-robot interactions, and financial viability.

Background: Key to sustainability and expansion of any field is the intellectual works of its scholars who engage in their field as in-becoming and who continually strive towards its advancement. For researchers of curriculum studies this involves being knowledgeable and conversant of the underlying discourses framing and challenging the field. Aim: In South Africa, field of curriculum studies has been critiqued for being a quick-fix solution to social problems by merely approaching the curriculum as a 'dumping ground' and for its over-emphasis on curriculum as a schooling matter. The intent of this article was to exemplify other, more current, challenges and accomplishments of the research constituting the field. Setting: The publications of South African National Research Foundation-rated researchers specialising in curriculum, because their scholarship is deemed central to building societal knowledge through quality and high-impact research. Methods: A meta-study was conducted to determine trends in a particular cluster of publications to identify the ways that researchers are advancing in the field of curriculum studies in South Africa. Results: Four pertinent findings were evidenced. Firstly, strong localism/nationalism of the ifeld. Secondly, the higher education context as highly researched. Thirdly, the multidisciplinary nature of South African curriculum studies research. Fourthly, strong impetus from sociological work in the field. Conclusion: We reflect on nomadic thought as a starting point central to the pursuits of researchers in advancing the field of curriculum studies as an intellectual activity and practice of complicated conversation.

Over the last 25 years, more than a hundred dictator game experiments have been published. This meta study summarises the evidence. Exploiting the fact that most experiments had to fix parameters they did not intend to test, in multiple regression the meta study is able to assess the effect of single manipulations, controlling for a host of alternative explanatory factors. The resulting rich dataset also provides a testbed for comparing alternative specifications of the statistical model for analysing dictator game data. It shows how Tobit models (assuming that dictators would even want to take money) and hurdle models (assuming that the decision to give a positive amount is separate from the choice of amount, conditional on giving) provide additional insights.