Explore the vast range of titles available.

The global demand for increased computational power is fuelled by the miniaturisation of electronic components. Next to this more Moore approach, more than Moore and beyond CMOS expand on existing technologies and on devices with fundamentally different principles of operation. Mott based devices are introduced under the scope of beyond CMOS, with a potentially reduced energy consumption during operation in comparison to semiconductor-based devices. In such devices quantum properties are utilised to control the current flow. Mott insulators are especially intriguing as they fulfil all conditions to be metallic but show properties of insulating materials. Up to now the properties in Mott-insulators have typically been controlled at the macroscopic length scale, which leaves room for miniaturisation. It is apparent that such a versatile material class has untapped potential with regards to utilisation of its quantum properties.This work investigates a novel class of materials, beyond CMOS, the lacunar spinels, where the electrons are localised on molecular clusters instead of atomic sites. The target system of this thesis, GaV4S8, is such a lacunar spinel and shows a structural transition, which gives rise to ferroelectric domain walls that could be used as nanoscale functional objects. Here, potential 2D conducting pathways are investigated to push Mott science to the nanoscale. These pseudo 2D properties are characterised using a range of surface sensitive techniques to understand their origin, a critical first step for functionalisation. Transferring the knowledge gained on these structures allowed for an in-situ control of the current flow at the nanoscale, pushing the boundaries of research in this quantum material.

This book describes the most advanced QPM techniques and computational imaging techniques using partially spatially coherent monochromatic light rather than coherent lasers. Imaging techniques discussed include speckle-free QPM both off-axis and common path interferometric configurations with high accuracy in phase measurement, structured illumination phase microscopy (SIPM), chip-based nanoscopy, machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in phase microscopy.

Optical microscopy is developing into nanoscopy and multimodal microscopy the better to decipher the functioning mechanisms in living systems, and investigating biological specimens at molecular level using fluorescence as a mechanism of contrast.Results have demonstrated the potential to provide information at the Angstrom level.

Offers a simple starting point to VPSEM, especially for new users, technicians and students containing clear, concise explanations Crucially, the principles and applications outlined in this book are completely generic: i.e. applicable to all types of VPSEM, irrespective of manufacturer. Information presented will enable reader to turn principles into practice Published in association with the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) -www.rms.org.uk

There is a lack of scientific understanding of adding an oyster shell powder (OSP) to geopolymer concrete. The purpose of this study is: (1) to evaluate the high-temperature resistance of the alkali-activated slag ceramic powder (CP) mixture added with OSP at different temperatures, (2) to address the lack of application of environmentally friendly building materials, and (3) to reduce solid waste of OSP pollution and protect the environment. OSP replaces granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and CP at 10% and 20% (based on binder), respectively. The mixture was heated to 400.0, 600.0, and 800.0 °C after curing for 180 days. The results of the experiment are summarized as follows: (1) The thermogravimetric (TG) results indicated that the OSP20 samples produced more CASH gels than the control OSP0. (2) As the temperature increased, the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) both decreased. (3) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the mixture undergoes a phase transition at 800.0 °C, and compared with the control OSP0, OSP20 undergoes a different phase transition. (4) The size change and appearance image results indicate that the mixture with added OSP inhibits shrinkage, and calcium carbonate decomposes to produce off-white CaO. To sum up, adding OSP can effectively reduce the damage of high temperatures (800.0 °C) on the properties of alkali-activated binders.

Abstract Formation of the mycelial pellet in submerged cultivation of Streptomycetes is unwanted in industrial fermentation processes as it imposes mass transfer limitations, changes in the rheology of a medium, and affects the production of secondary metabolites. Though detailed information is not available about the factors involved in regulating mycelial morphology, it is studied that culture conditions and the genetic information of strain play a crucial role. Moreover, the proteomic study has revealed the involvement of low molecular weight proteins such as; DivIVA, FilP, ParA, Scy, and SsgA proteins in apical growth and branching of hyphae, which results in the establishment of the mycelial network. The present study proposes the mechanism of pellet formation of Streptomyces toxytricini (NRRL B-5426) with the help of microscopic and proteomic analysis. The microscopic analysis revealed that growing hyphae contain a bud-like structure behind the apical tip, which follows a certain organized path of growth and branching, which was further converted into the pellet when shake flask to the shake flask inoculation was performed. Proteomic analysis revealed the production of low molecular weight proteins ranging between 20 and 95 kDa, which are involved in apical growth and hyphae branching and can possibly participate in the regulation of pellet morphology. The present study proposes the mechanism of pellet formation of Streptomyces toxytricini (NRRL B-5426) with the help of microscopic and proteomic analysis.

During dyeing process, industries consume large quantity of water and subsequently produce large volume of wastewater. This wastewater is rich in color and contains different dyes. Orange II is one of them. In this article, metal-impregnated TiO 2 P-25 catalyst was used to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of Orange II dye. Photodegradation percentage was followed spectrophotometrically by the measurements of absorbance at λ max = 483 nm. The effect of copper-impregnated TiO 2 P-25 photocatalyst for the degradation of Orange II has been investigated in terms of percentage removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). As such 98 % color removal efficiency, 97 % percentage removal of COD and 89 % percentage removal of TOC was achieved with TiO 2 P-25/Cu catalysts under typical conditions. Copper-impregnated TiO 2 P-25 photo- catalyst showed comparatively higher activity than UV/ H 2 O 2 homogeneous photodegradation. The relative electrical energy consumption for photocatalytic degradation was considerably lower with TiO 2 P-25/Cu photocatalyst han that with homogeneous photodegradation. Transmission electron microscopic analysis was used for catalyst characterization.

A comprehensive introduction to advanced fluorescence microscopy methods and their applications. This is the first title on the topic designed specifically to allow students and researchers with little background in physics to understand both microscopy basics and novel light microscopy techniques. The book is written by renowned experts and pioneers in the field with a rather intuitive than formal approach. It always keeps the nonexpert reader in mind, making even unavoidable complex theoretical concepts readily accessible. All commonly used methods are covered. A companion website with additional references, examples and video material makes this a valuable teaching resource: http://www.wiley-vch.de/home/fluorescence-microscopy/

Elliptical Mirrors: Applications in microscopy discusses the importance of the elliptical mirror; the third solution after parabolic reflectors and lenses for which apodization factors were established in 1921 and 1959 respectively. This detailed and highly insightful book will be an important reference in a growing subject area that will benefit PhD students, optical physicists, metrologists and researchers.

Choice Recommended Title, March 2020 Optical microscopy is used in a vast range of applications ranging from materials engineering to in vivo observations and clinical diagnosis, and thanks to the latest advances in technology, there has been a rapid growth in the number of methods available. This book is aimed at providing users with a practical guide to help them select, and then use, the most suitable method for their application. It explores the principles behind the different forms of optical microscopy, without the use of complex maths, to provide an understanding to help the reader utilise a specific method and then interpret the results. Detailed physics is provided in boxed sections, which can be bypassed by the non-specialist. It is an invaluable tool for use within research groups and laboratories in the life and physical sciences, acting as a first source for practical information to guide less experienced users (or those new to a particular methodology) on the range of techniques available. Features: The first book to cover all current optical microscopy methods for practical applications Written to be understood by a non-optical expert with inserts to provide the physical science background Brings together conventional widefield and confocal microscopy, with advanced non-linear and super resolution methods, in one book To learn more about the author please visit here. Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 2. Understanding Light in Optical Microscopy. Chapter 3. Basic Widefield Microscopy. Chapter 4. Advanced Widefield Microscopy. Chapter 5. Confocal Microscopy. Chapter 6. Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy. Chapter 7. Single Plane Illumination Microscopy. Chapter 8. Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy. Chapter 9. Harmonic Microscopy. Chapter 10. Raman Microscopy. Chapter 11. Holographic Microscopy. Chapter 12. Super Resolution Microscopy. Chapter 13. How to Obtain the Most from your Data. Chapter 14. Selection Criteria for Optical Microscopy. \"Although one might assume that many books on microscopy already existed, this reviewer was pleasantly surprised to discover here just how far and how quickly the field has recently moved. Girkin (Durham Univ.) provides a historical overview in the early chapters; though brief, it will be a helpful refresher or introduction for readers new to the subject. The majority of chapters cover advanced topics, including, for example, light sheet microscopy, multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, and digital holographic microscopy. Many of these techniques are new since the development of modern laser systems. It is unlikely that any single lab will use all the covered methods simultaneously, but this book provides a handy comprehensive reference for a general understanding of how the optical method works in the context of various applications and how the data are collected and analyzed in different scenarios…The book will be broadly useful as an authoritative source, especially as most methods introduced are accompanied by a separate explanation of the underlying physics, evidently to avoid overwhelming readers looking for a more general understanding. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty. Students enrolled in two-year technical programs.\" —T. P. Owen Jr., Connecticut College in CHOICE, March 2020 John Girkin is professor of Biophysics at Durham University and Director of the Biophysical Sciences Institute in Durham. He moved to Durham in 2009 to take up this role having previously founded the Centre for Biophotonics at Strathclyde University, Glasgow where he was one of the first leaders at the Institute of Photonics. Originally trained as a physicist at Oxford and with a PhD from Southampton University (in Laser Spectroscopy of Atomic Hydrogen) he worked for ten years in industry including developing the world’s first diode laser retinal photocoagulator and diode pumped Nd:Yag laser. He moved back into academia in 1996 as one of the original Research Team Leaders at the Institute of Photonics, Strathclyde University. His research focuses on the development of novel optical instrumentation to help solve challenges within the life sciences. His research covers a very broad range of activities from dental imaging in the near infrared through to rapid-genomic screening but an ongoing theme has been in developing and applying optical microscopy methods to life science challenges. His initial focus was in non-linear microscopy and he was one of the first pioneers in the use of adaptive optics in microscopy and has more recently been developing advanced forms of single plane illumination microscope for in vivo zebra fish imaging. A constant within his research has been to select the most suitable method for a specific task. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed publications, is a Fellow of both the Institute of Physics and the Optical Society of America serving on both national and international review panels in the area of biophotonics and microscopy.