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\"This book addresses in-depth technical issues, limitations, considerations and challenges facing millimeter-wave (MMW) integrated circuit and system designers in designing MMW wireless communication systems from the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) perspective. It offers both a comprehensive explanation of fundamental theories and a broad coverage of MMW integrated circuits and systems. CMOS Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems is an excellent reference for faculty, researchers and students working in electrical and electronic engineering, wireless communication, integrated circuit design and circuits and systems. While primarily written for upper-level undergraduate courses, it is also an excellent introduction to the subject for instructors, graduate students, researchers, integrated circuit designers and practicing engineers. Advanced readers could also benefit from this book as it includes many recent state-of-the-art MMW circuits.\" -- Provided by publisher.

Rydberg atoms have been extensively utilized in microwave measurement with high sensitivity, which has great potential in the field of communication. In this study, we discuss the digital communication based on a Rydberg atomic receiver under simultaneously coupling by resonant and near detuning microwaves. In addition, we verify the feasibility of the Rydberg atom-based frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in microwave communication. We demonstrate the principle and performance of the atom-based FDM receiver by applying amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM), respectively. To demonstrate the actual communication performance at different data transfer rates, we consider monochromatic images as an example. The experimental results show that the maximum acceptable data transfer rate of both AM and FM is about 200 kbps, whereas their maximum bit error rates (BER) is less than 5%. When compared with the traditional electronic receiver, this atomic receiver, which is compatible with FDM, has numerous advantages, such as small size, low power consumption, and high sensitivity. Furthermore, this receiver has a strong ability of anti-electromagnetic interference, and the signals transmitted do not interfere with each other in different channels.

A 5G rotated frame radiator for multiple applications is presented in the following paper. The presented geometry is capable of radiating the large frequency band from 2.91 to 12.17 GHz, which covers the 5G-(I) sub-6 GHz band, X-band communication with high efficiency. The impedance bandwidth of the radiator is 128%, with an electrical size of 0.24 λ × 0.24 λ × 0.15 λ in lambda. The antenna is simulated with an FR4 substrate using CST Simulator. 06-stages evolution process is also investigated by simulations, and corresponding S-parameter results are presented. Antenna's design comprises a patch in a rotated square fractal-like frame fed by a microstrip line. The proposed structure also demonstrates stable radiation patterns across the operating bandwidth. The proposed radiator has a high gain of 3.8 dBi, and an efficiency of 85%, which claimed that UWB range of the designed antenna. Therefore, it is useful for 5G-(I) sub-6 GHz band, X-band applications, including mobile, radar, and satellite microwave communication.

A comprehensive resourceto designing and constructing analog photonic links capable of high RF performance Fundamentals of Microwave Photonics provides a comprehensive description of analog optical links from basic principles to applications. The book is organized into four parts. The first begins with a historical perspective of microwave photonics, listing the advantages of fiber optic links and delineating analog vs. digital links. The second section covers basic principles associated with microwave photonics in both the RF and optical domains. The third focuses on analog modulation formats—starting with a concept, deriving the RF performance metrics from basic physical models, and then analyzing issues specific to each format. The final part examines applications of microwave photonics, including analog receive-mode systems, high-power photodiodes applications, radio astronomy, and arbitrary waveform generation. * Covers fundamental concepts including basic treatments of noise, sources of distortion and propagation effects * Provides design equations in easy-to-use forms as quick reference * Examines analog photonic link architectures along with their application to RF systems A thorough treatment of microwave photonics, Fundamentals of Microwave Photonics will be an essential resource in the laboratory, field, or during design meetings. The authors have more than 55 years of combined professional experience in microwave photonics and have published more than 250 associated works.

We propose a Rydberg atom-based receiver for amplitude-modulation (AM) reception utilizing a dual-tone microwave field. The pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) signal is encoded in the basic microwave field (B-MW) at the frequency of 14.23 GHz. The signal can be decoded by the atomic receiver itself but more obvious with the introduction of an auxiliary microwave (A-MW) field. The receiver’s amplitude variations corresponding to microwave field are simulated by solving density matrices to give this mechanism theoretical support. An appropriate AM frequency is obtained by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, guaranteeing both large data transfer capacity (DTC) and high fidelity of the receiver. The power of two MW fields, along with the B-MW field frequency, is studied to acquire larger DTC and wider operating bandwidth. Finally, the readout of PRBS signals is performed by both the proposed and conventional mechanisms, and the comparison proves the obvious increment of DTC with the proposed scheme. This proof-of-principle demonstration exhibits the potential of the dual-tone scheme and offers a novel pathway for Rydberg atom-based microwave communication, which is beneficial for long-distance communication and weak signal perception outside the laboratory.

With the rapid development of smart connected vehicles, vehicle network communications demand high-speed data transmission to support advanced automotive services. Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication offers fast data rates, strong anti-interference capabilities, high precision localization and low-latency, making it suitable for high-speed in-vehicle communications. However, mmWave communication performance in vehicular networks is hindered by high path loss and frequent beam alignment updates, significantly degrading the coverage and connectivity of vehicle nodes (VNs). In addition, atmospheric propagation attenuation further deteriorates signal quality and limits system performance due to raindrop absorption and scattering. Therefore, the pure mmWave networks cannot meet the high requirements of highway vehicular communications. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid mmWave and microwave network architecture to improve VNs’ coverage and connectivity performances through the strategic deployment of Roadside Units (RSUs). Using Radio Access Technology (RAT), mmWave and microwave RSUs are symmetrically deployed on both sides of the road to communicate with VNs located at the road center. This symmetric RSUs deployment significantly improves the network reliability. Analytical expressions for coverage and connectivity in the proposed hybrid networks are derived and compared with the pure mmWave networks, accounting for rainfall attenuation. The study results show that the proposed hybrid network shows better performance than the pure mmWave network in both coverage and connectivity.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of channel models for deep space communications. Based on the characteristics of environment, deep space channels can be divided into three kinds, i.e., near Earth link, interstellar link and near planet link. The modeling for different kinds of channels are summarized respectively, and some simulation results are provided in this paper. In addition, according to the development trend of deep space communications, optical wave will become an important carrier in the future. Therefore, deep space optical communication is also briefly introduced. Finally, challenges of deep space channel modeling are pointed out and future research direction is also discussed.

The human body can act as a medium for the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the wireless body sensor networks context. However, there are transmission losses in biological tissues due to the presence of water and salts. This Letter focuses on lateral intra-body microwave communication through different biological tissue layers and demonstrates the effect of the tissue thicknesses by comparing signal coupling in the channel. For this work, the authors utilise the R-band frequencies since it overlaps the industrial, scientific and medical radio (ISM) band. The channel model in human tissues is proposed based on electromagnetic simulations, validated using equivalent phantom and ex-vivo measurements. The phantom and ex-vivo measurements are compared with simulation modelling. The results show that electromagnetic communication is feasible in the adipose tissue layer with a low attenuation of ∼2 dB per 20 mm for phantom measurements and 4 dB per 20 mm for ex-vivo measurements at 2 GHz. Since the dielectric losses of human adipose tissues are almost half of ex-vivo tissue, an attenuation of around 3 dB per 20 mm is expected. The results show that human adipose tissue can be used as an intra-body communication channel.

One of the main issues in microwave and wireless system design is to ensure high performance with low cost techniques. The six-port technique helps allow for this in critical network design areas. This practical resource offers you a thorough overview the six-port technique, from basic principles of RF measurement based techniques and multiport design, to coverage of key applications, such as vector network analyzers, software defined radio, and radar. The first book dedicated to six-port applications and principles, this volume serves as a current, one-stop guide offering you cost-effective solutions for your challenging projects in the field.

Electro-optic modulators translate high-speed electronic signals into the optical domain and are critical components in modern telecommunication networks 1 , 2 and microwave-photonic systems 3 , 4 . They are also expected to be building blocks for emerging applications such as quantum photonics 5 , 6 and non-reciprocal optics 7 , 8 . All of these applications require chip-scale electro-optic modulators that operate at voltages compatible with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, have ultra-high electro-optic bandwidths and feature very low optical losses. Integrated modulator platforms based on materials such as silicon, indium phosphide or polymers have not yet been able to meet these requirements simultaneously because of the intrinsic limitations of the materials used. On the other hand, lithium niobate electro-optic modulators, the workhorse of the optoelectronic industry for decades 9 , have been challenging to integrate on-chip because of difficulties in microstructuring lithium niobate. The current generation of lithium niobate modulators are bulky, expensive, limited in bandwidth and require high drive voltages, and thus are unable to reach the full potential of the material. Here we overcome these limitations and demonstrate monolithically integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators that feature a CMOS-compatible drive voltage, support data rates up to 210 gigabits per second and show an on-chip optical loss of less than 0.5 decibels. We achieve this by engineering the microwave and photonic circuits to achieve high electro-optical efficiencies, ultra-low optical losses and group-velocity matching simultaneously. Our scalable modulator devices could provide cost-effective, low-power and ultra-high-speed solutions for next-generation optical communication networks and microwave photonic systems. Furthermore, our approach could lead to large-scale ultra-low-loss photonic circuits that are reconfigurable on a picosecond timescale, enabling a wide range of quantum and classical applications 5 , 10 , 11 including feed-forward photonic quantum computation. Chip-scale lithium niobate electro-optic modulators that rapidly convert electrical to optical signals and use CMOS-compatible voltages could prove useful in optical communication networks, microwave photonic systems and photonic computation.