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Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of functional movement screen (FMS) evaluation system and individualized intervention measures in preventing military training injuries. Methods A total of 420 recruits from a unit of the People's Liberation Army of China were included as the research object. According to random grouping method, they were divided into observation group (Group A) and control group (Group B), with 210 patients in each group. Before recruit training, individual FMS was performed, and functional correction training was performed in the observation group according to the test scores, while no intervention measures were applied in the control group. After 3 months of training, the tests were repeated. Age, body mass index (BMI), and incidence of military training injuries were recorded during the training period. Results There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, BMI, FMS score before the training (P > .05). After receiving functional correction training, the FMS score of the Group A was higher than that of the Group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The incidence of military training injury in Group A and Group B was 20.95% and 44.02%, respectively (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The evaluation system of FMS and individualized intervention measures are feasible and effective in predicting and reducing the occurrence of military training injuries.

IntroductionTraining-related injuries are the main reason for disability, long-term rehabilitation, functional impairment and premature discharge from military service. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of injuries in the training of Chinese new recruits via a systematic review of the literature.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the combined incidence of military training-related injuries in Chinese new recruits. The electronic databases of full-text journals were searched, and the Loney criteria were used to assess the quality of eligible articles. Summary estimates were obtained using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and publication bias tests were performed.ResultsFifty-five eligible articles representing 109 611 Chinese new recruits met the inclusion criteria, of which 21 253 recruits were clinically diagnosed with military training-related injuries. The combined incidence of military training-related injuries in Chinese new recruits was found to be 21.04%.ConclusionsAn increased incidence of training injuries was found in more recent years, underscoring the need for further research on the risk factors associated with their causation.

To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs) in patients with small articular cartilage defects of the knee. This was a retrospective study from August 2020 to December 2020, thirty two patients with knee cartilage injuries caused by military training were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics in The General Hospital of North Theater Command Training Base included in the study. Group-A (n=11) underwent microfracture surgery, Group-B(n=10) underwent arthroscopic exploration and injected umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC MSCs) into the knee joint cavity, and Group-C (n=11) underwent microfracture surgery and injected UC MSCs into the knee joint cavity. Clinical data were collected from three groups of patients. The Lysholm scores of the three groups gradually increased, from 51.00 ± 1.6, 51.50 ± 2.2, and 50.91 ± 2.4 points before treatment to 74.64 ± 2.4, 79.40 ± 4.3, and 78.73 ± 4.2 points at the last follow-up (P<0.05), respectively. The AKSS scores also showed similar therapeutic effects. During the follow-up of six, nine, and 12 months after treatment, the scores of Group-B and C were higher than Group-A (P<0.05), while Groups-B and C had similar efficacy(P>0.05). The application of microfracture combined with UC MSCs injection or UC MSCs injection alone for small cartilage defects in the knee joint can achieve certain therapeutic effects in the short term, but as a new technology, stem cells need further observation for long-term efficacy.

R68; 应力性骨损伤(BSI)是军事训练中极为常见的肌肉骨骼损伤,包括不同程度的骨微结构的应力性损伤(Ⅰ～Ⅲ级)及终末期应力性骨折(Ⅳ级),与伤病员的性别、机体内分泌激素、钙含量、体重指数及下肢力学结构等因素有关,具有起病隐匿、早期易被忽视等特点,可导致非战斗减员及增加相关治疗经费的支出.本文通过查阅国内外最新文献,对BSI的危险因素、诊断、治疗及预防进行了详细论述,以期提高BSI的早期诊断率,为建立\"全方位BSI防治体系\"提供理论依据.

Introduction Many injuries experienced by soldiers can be attributed to the occupational loads they are required to carry. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether contemporary military load carriage is a source of injuries to Australian Regular Army soldiers and to profile these injuries. Methods The Australian Defence Force ‘Occupational Health, Safety and Compensation Analysis and Reporting’ database was searched to identify all reported injuries sustained during load carriage events. Key search terms were employed and narrative description fields were interrogated to increase data accuracy. Results A total of 1,954 injury records were extracted from the database. Of these, 404 injuries were attributed to load carriage. The majority of these load carriage injuries involved either the lower limb or back, with bones and joints accounting for the most frequently reported body structures to be injured. Field activities were the leading activities being performed at the time that load carriage injuries occurred, and muscular stress was identified as the mechanism of injury for over half of reported load carriage injuries. Conclusion This study suggests that load carriage is a substantial source of injury risk to Australian Army soldiers. Physical training may fail to adequately prepare soldiers for load carriage tasks during field training exercises.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is common in military setting; such an injury increase institutional costs and workforce strain, however, few studies have investigated the mechanism and associated factors of ACL tear specifically in a military setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and mechanisms of ACL tears in military personnel at a military referral hospital in Iran. This cross-sectional study examined 402 military personnel who presented with knee complaints at a single referral Iranian military hospital. The ACL injury prevalence and mechanisms were assessed by physical examination, medical records, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee. Data were collected by an orthopedic resident. Of the total 402 patients, 285 were diagnosed with ACL tears; the prevalence was 70.9%. The most common mechanism leading to ACL tear was noncontact events. The knee changing direction-knee pivoting (54%) was the most frequent lower limb status, followed by a fall with the knee in valgus position (20.7%). The most commonly associated activity was military training (63.9%) and sports activities (32.6%). The incidence of ACL injuries was higher in soldiers compared with officers during military training, but higher in officers during sports exercises (P = 0.002). Common associated injuries involved the knee meniscus and cartilage. The findings support those of previous studies, that in military personnel, the most common knee injury is damage to the ACL, most frequently through noncontact events, specifically knee pivoting, during military activities rather than sports and among soldiers. These findings help develop ACL injury prevention programs.

To update the current injury prevention strategy evidence base for making recommendations to prevent physical training-related musculoskeletal injury. We conducted a systematic review to update the evidence base on injury prevention strategies for military personnel. Literature was systematically searched and extracted from five databases, and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Sixty one articles meeting the inclusion criteria and published during the period 2008–2015 were selected for systematic review. The retrieved articles were broadly categorised into six injury prevention strategies; (1) conditioning, (2) footwear modifications, (3) bracing, (4) physical activity volume, (5) physical fitness, and (6) leadership/supervision/awareness. The majority of retrieved articles (n=37 (of 61) evaluated or systematically reviewed a conditioning intervention of some nature. However, the most well-supported strategies were related to reducing physical activity volume and improving leadership/supervision/awareness of injuries and injury prevention efforts. Several injury prevention strategies effectively reduce musculoskeletal injury rates in both sexes, and many show promise for utility with military personnel. However, further evaluation, ideally with prospective randomised trials, is required to establish the most effective injury prevention strategies, and to understand any sex-specific differences in the response to these strategies.

Exposure to explosive blasts places one at risk for traumatic brain injury, especially for special weapons and tactics (SWAT) and military personnel, who may be repeatedly exposed to blasts. In the current study, the effectiveness of a jugular vein compression collar to prevent alterations in resting-state electrocortical activity following a single-SWAT breacher training session was investigated. SWAT team personnel were randomly assigned to wear a compression collar during breacher training and resting state electroencephalography (EEG) was measured within 2 days prior to and two after breacher training. It was hypothesized that significant changes in brain dynamics—indicative of possible underlying neurodegenerative processes—would follow blast exposure for those who did not wear the collar, with ameliorated changes for the collar-wearing group. Using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) it was found that participants who did not wear the collar displayed longer periods of laminar electrocortical behavior (as indexed by RQA’s vertical max line measure) after breacher training. It is proposed that the blast wave exposure for the no-collar group may have reduced the number of pathways, via axonal disruption—for electrical transmission—resulting in the EEG signals becoming trapped in laminar states for longer periods of time. Longer laminar states have been associated with other electrocortical pathologies, such as seizure, and may be important for understanding head trauma and recovery.

Background Endurance running is a popular sport and recreational activity yet is associated with a high prevalence of injury. Running related injuries (RRIs) are a leading cause of drop-out and represent a substantial financial burden to runners and healthcare services. There is clear evidence for the use of exercise-based injury prevention programs in games-based and youth sport settings, yet the research investigating the use of exercise to reduce injury risk in endurance runners has not been adequately reviewed recently. Objectives The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to systematically summarize the current research that has investigated the effect of exercise-based prevention programs and their state of supervision on the risk of RRIs in endurance runners. Methods Three databases were searched for relevant studies. Selection and review were completed by two independent reviewers using the following inclusion criteria: (1) study population used endurance running training for health, occupational, or performance outcome(s); (2) participants performed running as their main form of exercise (> 50% of their total training time); (3) study was a randomized controlled trial; (4) a non-running-based exercise intervention was used; (5) a running-only or placebo exercise control group was included; (6) injury rate or incidence was reported; (7) injuries were recorded prospectively alongside the exercise training. Two meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, one based on log risk ratio and one based on log incidence rate ratio. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2 was used to evaluate the quality of studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach was employed to grade the certainty of evidence. Results A total of nine articles containing 1904 participants were included in analysis. Overall pooled results showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups in injury risk ( z  = − 1.60; p  = 0.110) and injury rate ( z  = − 0.98; p  = 0.329), while a post hoc analysis evaluating supervised interventions only showed that injury risk was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group ( z  = − 3.75, p  < 0.001). Risk of bias assessment revealed that seven studies included in the analysis were of low quality. Conclusions Exercise-based interventions do not appear to reduce the risk and rate of running-related injuries. Supervision may be essential for exercise-based intervention programs to reduce risk of RRIs, possibly due to increased compliance. Studies with more robust designs that include supervised exercise interventions should be prioritized in the future. Trial Registry Clinical Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021211274.

BackgroundGiven the high incidence and heavy burden of ankle sprains in recruits, large-scale, multifactorial investigations into potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify the incidence of ankle sprains and associated risk factors among new military recruits during their infantry training.MethodsThe study included 365 infantry recruits (aged 18–21 years), who were inducted into service in March 2022. These recruits were monitored for ankle sprains throughout their basicy and advanced infantry training by a physiotherapist. Preinduction smoking habits, physical fitness preparation and recurrent ankle sprains were recorded. Anthropometric measures, lower-extremity functional movement, Achilles tendon structure, perceived ankle instability, and mechanical ankle instability were assessed at the onset of both training periods.ResultsAnkle sprains were diagnosed in 109 trainees (29.9%) during both the basic and the advanced training periods. Preinduction recurrent ankle sprains were reported by 28.2% of the participants. The relative risk of a recruit with preinduction ankle sprains suffering a subsequent sprain during training was 1.66 (p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that reduced proprioception ability (OR=0.002), higher body mass index (OR=1.08), preinduction recurrent sprains (OR=1.95) and lack of physical fitness preparation (OR=3.12) were related to ankle sprains throughout the complete basic-and-advanced training period. Preinduction recurrent ankle sprains (OR=3.37) and reduced Achilles tendon quality (OR=1.30) were associated with ankle sprains during the advanced training period.ConclusionsLower-extremity functional movement, body mass index, preinduction recurrent sprains, physical preparation and reduced Achilles tendon quality were associated with the risk of ankle sprains during training. These findings could contribute to developing prevention and intervention programmes for reducing ankle sprains in military trainees.