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Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis
Epithelial organoids, such as those derived from stem cells of the intestine, have great potential for modelling tissue and disease biology
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result in stochastically developing tissues with a closed, cystic architecture that restricts lifespan and size, limits experimental manipulation and prohibits homeostasis. Here, by using tissue engineering and the intrinsic self-organization properties of cells, we induce intestinal stem cells to form tube-shaped epithelia with an accessible lumen and a similar spatial arrangement of crypt- and villus-like domains to that in vivo. When connected to an external pumping system, the mini-gut tubes are perfusable; this allows the continuous removal of dead cells to prolong tissue lifespan by several weeks, and also enables the tubes to be colonized with microorganisms for modelling host–microorganism interactions. The mini-intestines include rare, specialized cell types that are seldom found in conventional organoids. They retain key physiological hallmarks of the intestine and have a notable capacity to regenerate. Our concept for extrinsically guiding the self-organization of stem cells into functional organoids-on-a-chip is broadly applicable and will enable the attainment of more physiologically relevant organoid shapes, sizes and functions.
Miniature gut tubes grown in vitro from mouse intestinal stem cells are perfusable, can be colonized with microorganisms and exhibit a similar arrangement and diversity of specialized cell types to intestines in vivo.
Journal Article
Development of an immunodeficient pig model allowing long-term accommodation of artificial human vascular tubes
Before they are used in the clinical setting, the effectiveness of artificially produced human-derived tissue-engineered medical products should be verified in an immunodeficient animal model, such as severe combined immunodeficient mice. However, small animal models are not sufficient to evaluate large-sized products for human use. Thus, an immunodeficient large animal model is necessary in order to properly evaluate the clinical efficacy of human-derived tissue-engineered products, such as artificial grafts. Here we report the development of an immunodeficient pig model, the operational immunodeficient pig (OIDP), by surgically removing the thymus and spleen, and creating a controlled immunosuppressive protocol using a combination of drugs commonly used in the clinical setting. We find that this model allows the long-term accommodation of artificial human vascular grafts. The development of the OIDP is an essential step towards a comprehensive and clinically relevant evaluation of human cell regeneration strategies at the preclinical stage.
The development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts heavily relies on the availability of large animal models that allow long-term assessment of graft patency. Here Itoh et al. propose a novel model of immunodeficient pigs that allows long-term accommodation of human cell-derived three-dimensional bioprinted vascular tubes.
Journal Article
Miniature horses : cool pets!
\"Provides basic information about miniature horses and keeping them as pets\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Welcome to the CRISPR zoo
Birds and bees are just the beginning for a burgeoning technology.
Journal Article
Exploring the Genetic Signature of Body Size in Yucatan Miniature Pig
Since being domesticated about 10,000-12,000 years ago, domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) have been selected for traits of economic importance, in particular large body size. However, Yucatan miniature pigs have been selected for small body size to withstand high temperature environment and for laboratory use. This renders the Yucatan miniature pig a valuable model for understanding the evolution of body size. We investigate the genetic signature for selection of body size in the Yucatan miniature pig. Phylogenetic distance of Yucatan miniature pig was compared to other large swine breeds (Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and wild boar). By estimating the XP-EHH statistic using re-sequencing data derived from 70 pigs, we were able to unravel the signatures of selection of body size. We found that both selections at the level of organism, and at the cellular level have occurred. Selection at the higher levels include feed intake, regulation of body weight and increase in mass while selection at the molecular level includes cell cycle and cell proliferation. Positively selected genes probed by XP-EHH may provide insight into the docile character and innate immunity as well as body size of Yucatan miniature pig.
Journal Article
Antenna Design for Mobile Devices
Written by an antenna engineer turned professor who has worked at Apple, Nokia and Amphenol,<i>Antenna Design for Mobile Devices</i>is a comprehensive guide for fresh and intermediate engineers involved in antenna design. The book instructs readers through all aspects of real world antenna designs, which includes how to make a stable antenna fixture, designing various types of antennas, designing an antenna with good manufacturability, using various matching technique to improve antenna performance, setting up production measurement for mass manufacturing, and making antenna SAR and HAC compliant. Most popular antenna categories, such as internal PIFA, integral IFA, internal folded monopole, ceramic antennas, stubby antennas and whip stubby antennas, are introduced in the book. The book focuses on the basic principle of each kind of antenna and emphasizes on key parameters of antenna optimization. Complimentary matching software, which accompanies the book, is provided so readers can practice various antenna matching technique and design matching circuits for real projects. <ul> <li>A one-stop design reference containing all an engineer needs when designing antennas</li> <li>Accessible to readers of many levels, from introductory to specialist</li> <li>Presents shortcuts for engineers who lack antenna knowledge but need no-hassle techniques for designing simple antennas</li> <li>Contains hands-on knowledge not available in other books</li> <li>Written by a practicing expert who has hired and trained numerous engineers</li> <li>Incorporates the various techniques used by pure-play antenna firms, established mobile device brands, and new entrants to the mobile space</li> <li>Comes with antenna matching software written by the author, which can be used for practice and real-world projects</li> <li>Presentation slides with lecture notes available for instructor use</li> </ul> <p>This book is targeted at practicing antenna engineers, particularly those focusing on mobile devices, as well as researchers and academics looking to keep up with this quick-changing field. Engineering managers will find it to be a helpful guide for teaching new hires, while new hires, by using the book themselves, will be able to quickly gain expert-level proficiencies. The book is also suitable for wireless network equipment engineers, who desire a stronger sense of antenna principles, as well as electronic engineering students studying electromagnetics. Readers should possess a basic undergraduate-level understanding of electromagnetic theory.<br /> Companion website for the book:<br /> <a href=\"http://www.wiley.com/go/zhangantenna\">http://www.wiley.com/go/zhangantenna</a></p>
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