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Among hematological malignancies, multiple myeloma (MM) represents the leading indication of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Auto-HCT is predominantly performed with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), and the mobilization and collection of PBSCs are essential steps for auto-HCT. Despite the improved success of conventional methods with the incorporation of novel agents for PBSC mobilization in MM, mobilization failure is still a concern. The current review comprehensively summarizes various mobilization strategies for mobilizing PBSCs in MM patients and the evolution of these strategies over time. Moreover, existing evidence substantiates that the mobilization regimen used may be an important determinant of graft content. However, limited data are available on the effects of graft characteristics in patient outcomes other than hematopoietic engraftment. In this review, we discussed the effect of graft characteristics on clinical outcomes, mobilization failure, factors predictive of poor mobilization, and potential mobilization regimens for such patients.

The past 20 years have seen an explosion of research and theory into the emotions of protest and social movements. At one extreme, general theoretical statements about emotions have established their importance in every aspect of political action. At the other, the origins and influence of many specific emotions have been isolated as causal mechanisms. This article offers something in between, a typology of emotional processes aimed not only at showing that not all emotions work the same way, but also at encouraging research into how different emotions interact with one another. This should also help us overcome a residual suspicion that emotions are irrational, as well as avoid the overreaction, namely demonstrations that emotions help (and never hurt) protest mobilization and goals.

When people learn that demonstrators are being subjected to harsh treatment by the police, sometimes their reaction is to join demonstrations. What explains the potentially mobilizing power of repression? Information-oriented theories posit that repression changes people’s beliefs about the likely success of the protests or the type of the government, thus encouraging them to join. Social–psychological theories posit that repression provokes a moral and emotional reaction from bystanders, and these emotional reactions are mobilizing. Our research offers a rare opportunity to test these theories, empirically, against one another. We offer experimental evidence from Turkey after the 2013 Gezi uprising. In this setting, emotional reactions appear to be the link between repression and backlash mobilization. Information-oriented theories of backlash mobilization may be less germane in democracies, in which people already have access to information about their governments, and in highly polarized polities, in which few people’s political affinities are up for grabs.

This phase 2 study evaluated the impact of pegfilgrastim, a single-dose, long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, on the steady-state mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or malignant lymphoma (ML). Efficacy and safety, along with CD34-positive cell mobilization outcomes were assessed in patients with MM, who were randomly assigned to pegfilgrastim ( n  = 30) or daily filgrastim ( n  = 31), and ML (pegfilgrastim only, n  = 13) cohorts. In the MM cohort, CD34-positive cell counts ≥ 2 × 10 6 /kg were achieved in 100% of patients in the pegfilgrastim group and 96.7% in the filgrastim group (difference: 3.3%; 80% confidence interval: −0.9–7.5%), demonstrating the non-inferiority of pegfilgrastim to filgrastim. All patients in the ML cohort achieved ≥ 2 × 10 6 /kg CD34-positive cell counts. The plerixafor administration rates in the MM cohort were 50.0% and 63.3% in the pegfilgrastim and filgrastim groups, respectively, and 91.7% in the ML cohort. There were no major differences in safety measures between the two groups. Although the sample size was small, particularly in the ML cohort, a single dose of pegfilgrastim demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to daily doses of filgrastim, indicating its potential for clinical use while reducing patient burden. Trial Registration: jRCT2011210029, NCT05007652.

In light of the individualisation, dispersal and pervasive monitoring that characterise work in the ‘gig economy’, the development of solidarity among gig workers could be expected to be unlikely. However, numerous recent episodes of gig workers’ mobilisation require reconsideration of these assumptions. This article contributes to the debate about potentials and obstacles for solidarity in the changing world of work by showing the processes through which workplace solidarity among gig workers developed in two cases of mobilisation of food delivery platform couriers in the UK and Italy. Through the framework of labour process theory, the article identifies the sources of antagonism in the app-mediated model of work organisation and the factors that facilitated and hindered the consolidation of active solidarity and the emergence of collective action among gig workers. The article emphasises the centrality of workers’ agential practices in overcoming constraints to solidarity and collective action, and the diversity of forms through which solidarity can be expressed in hostile work contexts.

Environmental factors are important regulators of cell growth and proliferation. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central kinase that maintains cellular homeostasis in response to a variety of extracellular and intracellular inputs. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with many diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Calcium ion (Ca[sup.2+]) is important as a second messenger in various biological processes, and its intracellular concentration is tightly regulated. Although the involvement of Ca[sup.2+] mobilization in mTOR signaling has been reported, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which mTOR signaling is regulated are not fully understood. The link between Ca[sup.2+] homeostasis and mTOR activation in pathological hypertrophy has heightened the importance in understanding Ca[sup.2+]-regulated mTOR signaling as a key mechanism of mTOR regulation. In this review, we introduce recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of mTOR signaling by Ca[sup.2+]-binding proteins, particularly calmodulin (CaM).

This article examines the organizing practices of indie unions – the emerging grassroots unions coled by precarious migrant workers. It draws on an embedded actor-centred approach involving extensive multi-sited ethnography. The article shows how workers normally considered unorganizable by the established unions can build lasting solidarity and associational power and obtain material and non-material rewards in the context of precarity, scarce economic resources and a hostile environment. Here, I argue that the organization of workers into ‘communities of struggle’ geared towards mobilization facilitates their empowerment, effectiveness and social integration. The article contributes to labour mobilization theory by redefining the concept of organizing in inclusionary terms, so that the collective industrial agency of precarious and migrant workers organizing outside the established unions can be adequately recognized and accounted for.

Do images affect online political mobilization? If so, how? These questions are of fundamental importance to scholars of social movements, contentious politics, and political behavior generally. However, little prior work has systematically addressed the role of images in mobilizing online participation in social movements. We first confirm that images have a positive mobilizing effect in the context of online protest activity. We then argue that images are mobilizing because they trigger stronger emotional reactions than text. Building on existing political psychology models, we theorize that images evoking enthusiasm, anger, and fear should be particularly mobilizing, while sadness should be demobilizing. We test the argument through a study of Twitter activity related to a Black Lives Matter protest. We find that both images in general and some of the proposed emotional attributes (enthusiasm and fear) contribute to online participation. The results hold when controlling for alternative theoretical mechanisms for why images should be mobilizing, and for the presence of frequent image features. Our paper provides evidence supporting the broad argument that images increase the likelihood of a protest to spread online while teasing out the mechanisms at play in a new media environment.

Social prescription programs represent a viable solution to linking primary care patients to nonmedical community resources for improving patient well-being. However, their success depends on the integration of patient needs with local resources. This integration could be accelerated by digital tools that use expressive ontology to organize knowledge resources, thus enabling the seamless navigation of diverse community interventions and services tailored to the needs of individual users. This infrastructure bears particular relevance for older adults, who experience a range of social needs that impact their health, including social isolation and loneliness. An essential first step in enabling knowledge mobilization and the successful implementation of social prescription initiatives to meet the social needs of older adults is to incorporate the evidence-based academic literature on what works, with on-the-ground solutions in the community. This study aims to integrate scientific evidence with on-the-ground knowledge to build a comprehensive list of intervention terms and keywords related to reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults. A meta-review was conducted using a search strategy combining terms related to older adult population, social isolation and loneliness, and study types relevant to reviews using 5 databases. Review extraction included intervention characteristics, outcomes (social [eg, loneliness, social isolation, and social support] or mental health [eg, psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety]), and effectiveness (reported as consistent, mixed, or not supported). Terms related to identified intervention types were extracted from the reviewed literature as well as descriptions of corresponding community services in Montréal, Canada, available from web-based regional, municipal, and community data sources. The meta-review identified 11 intervention types addressing social isolation and loneliness in older adults by either increasing social interactions, providing instrumental support, promoting mental and physical well-being, or providing home and community care. Group-based social activities, support groups with educational elements, recreational activities, and training or use of information and communication technologies were the most effective in improving outcomes. Examples of most intervention types were found in community data sources. Terms derived from the literature that were the most commonly congruent with those describing existing community services were related to telehealth, recreational activities, and psychological therapy. However, several discrepancies were observed between review-based terms and those addressing the available services. A range of interventions found to be effective at addressing social isolation and loneliness or their impact on mental health were identified from the literature, and many of these interventions were represented in services available to older residents in Montréal, Canada. However, different terms were occasionally used to describe or categorize similar services across data sources. Establishing an efficient means of identifying and structuring such sources is important to facilitate referrals and help-seeking behaviors of older adults and for strategic planning of resources.