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We develop a typology of three-way interaction models in order to stimulate more Asia management studies using this approach. In this paper, we explain how to approach moderation based on three-way interactions, introduce three types of three-way interaction models, and provide the appropriate post-hoc statistical procedures accordingly. We also outline several future research examples to demonstrate how three-way interactions can be used in Asian management research.

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, 6.5% of Generation Y required medical treatment for emotional and stress-related mental disorders. This study explores the moderating effect of mindfulness training on psychological needs and emotions to propose effective measures to promote the mental health of Generation Y. This study was carried out by questionnaire, using the data of respondents born in 1980–1999, collected in three different periods for quantitative analysis with compassionate mindfulness as the main variable. The results show that the compassionate mindfulness effect on emotion regulation varies greatly among different educational levels. However, it still plays a positive role in the psychological needs of Generation Y. Most members of Generation Y who receive compassionate mindfulness training have fewer basic needs and more interpersonal trust. They pay more attention to individual-oriented self-realization. Compassionate mindfulness has a greater positive moderating effect on the mental health of women aged 30–39 and those who are highly educated. Compassionate mindfulness has a more positive moderating effect on the psychological needs of members of Generation Y who were born more recently. During the COVID-19 pandemic, providing compassionate mindfulness has a significant positive effect on the prevention of mental disorders of Generation Y in Taiwan.

This research examines the impact of gender and age differences on the attitude towards online education in universities and colleges during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary. The answers were evaluated using Partial Least Squares estimation technique by involving age and gender as moderator variables. The research model is based on a modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis, Warshaw, and Bagozzi (1989) and expanded by a good teaching scale. Apart from perceived ease of use, other variables illustrated significant direct relationships. Moderating effect of age and gender of the surveyed Hungarian students influence formulation of attitude towards e-learning. The results illustrate that the gender and age of the respondents influence the perceived usefulness → behavioral intention pathway. Also, the age of respondents has an impact on the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness.

Purpose Share pledge is a popular way to raise funds in China, but it aggravates information asymmetry. As an indispensable information intermediary in the financial market, media coverage affects asset price and pricing efficiency and impacts information asymmetry. This study aims to explore the governance role of media coverage as an information intermediary in the share pledge context in China. Design/methodology/approach Moderating effect and mediating effect analyses are the primary methods used to test the governance role of media coverage. The ordinary least squares model was used to test the relationship between share pledge and market performance and then proved the moderating effect of media coverage toward the corporate market value of pledge firms. Accounting earnings value relevance models were explored to test the path of media coverage on firm market value by mediating effect analysis. At last, subgroup tests were used to verify the heterogeneity of the moderating effect of media coverage. Findings In the context of share pledge in China, the higher the share pledge ratio, the higher is the market value of listed firms, which verifies the motivation of controlling shareholders to avoid the transfer of control right and the motivation to tunneling. Media coverage has a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between share pledge rate and corporate value and has a significant impact on the accounting earnings value relevance of share pledge firms. From the perspective of long-term earnings, media coverage reduces the market performance of share pledge firms by reducing the value correlation of accounting earnings information. From the short-term price point of view, media coverage reduces the market performance of share pledge firms by improving the value correlation of accounting earnings information. Furthermore, media coverage has a more significant moderating effect in state-owned share pledge firms and low information transparency and low information disclosure quality firms. Research limitations/implications This paper does not distinguish the mode difference of spreading news and the impact of non-pledge media coverage. Also, this paper does not consider factors other than accounting information value relevance when exploring how media coverage affects the corporate market value. Share pledge firms should use media for publicity and play a role in media governance and should actively improve their information disclosure quality, strengthen communication with investors and reduce information asymmetry fundamentally. Practical implications This paper diversify the governance choices for share pledge firms and has important implications for firms, investors, information intermediaries and regulators. Media reports play an increasingly important role today, and any reports and predictions of major events may profoundly affect investors’ decisions. Although media reports can make up for the weakness of accounting information disclosure of equity pledge companies in some sense, it is still not a long-term strategy. Equity pledge companies should not only make use of media for publicity and play a role of media governance but also actively improve their information disclosure quality. Originality/value This paper focuses on share pledge firms to carry out in-depth research. Based on exploring the influence mechanism of share pledges, the authors find the importance of media governance. This paper expands the literature about the economic consequences of share pledges and provides empirical data for media governance of share pledge firms. This paper innovatively proves the governance role of media coverage from the view of accounting information value relevance. The main innovation point is the long and short-term perspective analysis of the influence of media coverage on the correlation of accounting earnings value. The heterogeneity effect analysis of media coverage also reflects the depth and strong practical guiding significance of this study.

This study examines the impact of gender and age differences on the performance of students from different Hungarian universities and colleges in online learning during the third wave of COVID-19. The survey responses were assessed using Partial Least Squares estimation technique. The research model attempts to understand the influence of environmental and situational variables (i.e., compatibility, accessibility, perception of online self-efficacy, mobility) on performance and satisfaction with online education. Apart from mobility, other indicators have significant impact on respondents’ performance. However, moderating effect of age and gender almost do not influence the performance of surveyed Hungarian students. The results demonstrate that gender impacts the compatibility → performance pathway. The age of respondents has no effect on relationships between environmental and situational variables and performance.

This study explores the relationship between organisational attractiveness and perceived organisational attributes, focusing on how job seekers’ urgency and long-term orientation (LTO) affect their perceptions, specifically within the construction sector. Using data from 270 participants in Central Anatolia’s employment agencies, the research employs analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses to understand how these motivational states impact views of potential employers. Findings indicate that organisational attractiveness significantly influences perceived organisational attributes, consistent with theories positioning it as crucial in employment decisions. A notable moderation effect emerges with job search urgency: while urgency heightens perceptions of organisational attractiveness and attributes, it weakens the impact of organisational attractiveness on perceived attributes when urgency is high. This suggests that urgent job seekers prioritise immediate benefits like job availability over long-term qualities. Conversely, LTO does not significantly moderate the relationship, implying that immediate concerns overshadow potential long-term engagement for job seekers. These insights suggest tailored recruitment strategies: employers aiming to attract urgent job seekers should highlight immediate benefits and support, while those targeting non-urgent seekers should emphasise stability and long-term career opportunities. This study enhances the understanding of employment dynamics, emphasising the need for nuanced recruitment approaches that consider job seekers’ varying priorities and urgencies. It contributes to human resource management discourse by showing how urgency and orientation influence employment preferences and decisions, guiding more effective recruitment practices. These findings have practical implications for the construction industry, suggesting that addressing job seekers’ immediate and long-term needs can enhance recruitment effectiveness in a sector often perceived as less attractive due to challenging work conditions.

As a vast agricultural country that emits a high level of agricultural carbon, China faces significant pressure to reduce its agricultural emissions. In recent years, digital finance has become a crucial part of China’s financial system and has reshaped China’s mode of green finance. Based on the 2011 to 2020 panel data of 31 provinces in China, this study discusses the effect and mechanisms of digital finance on agricultural carbon emissions. A two-way fixed effect model, threshold effect model, mediating effect model, and moderating effect model have been adopted to investigate the nexus of digital finance and agricultural carbon emissions. The results show that: (1) digital finance can reduce agricultural carbon emissions, and this effect is nonlinear, with two thresholds. (2) A reduction of agricultural carbon emissions through digital finance can be realized via digital finance’s impact on farmers’ entrepreneurship and agricultural technology innovation. (3) Urbanization has a positive moderating effect on digital finance’s agricultural carbon emissions reduction effect. Based on the above conclusions, specific recommendations are proposed with regard to digital finance reducing agricultural carbon emissions.

As an essential way to promote ecological civilization, green finance is attracting wide attention. However, whether green finance can successfully regulate the green technology innovation effect of heterogeneous environmental regulations and boost green technology innovation in coordination with heterogeneous environmental regulations remains unclear. Based on the re-measurement of the green finance development index of various provinces and cities in China, this study uses the spatial Durbin model to test the above problems empirically. The results show that green finance and “market incentive” environmental regulations can promote regional green technology innovation, while “command and control” environmental regulations inhibit regional green technology innovation. Green finance plays a negative regulatory role in the mechanism of heterogeneous environmental regulations affecting green technology innovation. Green finance alleviates the negative impact of “command and control” environmental regulations on green technology innovation and weakens the positive impact of “market-incentive” environmental regulations on green technology innovation. In terms of spillover effects, green finance can effectively promote green technology innovation in neighboring regions, while heterogeneous environmental regulations have a crowding-out effect on green technology innovation in neighboring regions.

Learning persistence is a critical element for successful online learning. The evidence provided by psychologists and educators has shown that students’ interaction (student-student (SS) interaction, student-instructor (SI) interaction, and student-content (SC) interaction) significantly affects their learning persistence, which is also related to their academic emotions. However, few studies explore the relations among students’ interaction, academic emotions and learning persistence in online learning environments. Furthermore, no research has focused on multi-dimensional students’ interaction and specific academic emotions. Based on person-environment interaction model and transactional distance theory, this study investigates the relationship between students’ interaction and learning persistence from the perspective of moderation and mediation of academic emotions including enjoyment, boredom, and anxiety. Data were collected from 339 students who had online learning experience in China. AMOS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and SPSS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) were employed to analyze the mediating and moderating effects of academic emotions, respectively. The results revealed that students’ interaction and academic emotions directly related to learning persistence. Specifically, enjoyment, anxiety and boredom had significant mediating and moderating effects on the relationship between students’ interaction and learning persistence. Based on these findings, we further discussed the theoretical and practical implications on how to facilitate students’ learning persistence in online learning environments.