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C. Arnold Anderson y otros. Modernización, compilado por Myron Weiner. Trad. Juan Bruner. México. Editorial Roble, 1969, 433 pp.

Despite their historical differences, the Spanish and Argentine democracies articulate a shared language of consensus and national reconciliation to face the recent past. This discourse conveys a specific memory regime of political violence, one which requires the forgetting and overcoming of the conflict as conditions for the desired democratic normalization. I propose to think about this desire / promise and its consensual semantics as inherent to the process of capitalist modernization initiated during the dictatorships and perpetuated in democracies with the implementation of neoliberalism. Understanding its continuities allows us, on the one hand, to reveal a systemic violence rendered invisible by the celebratory narratives of neoliberal modernization and, on the other, to defy the depoliticization of the past, resignifying their struggles as a common –and still in force– legacy.

The general objective of this research article of investigation is to demonstrate to the national and international legal and corporate community the urgent need to update the Nicaraguan Commercial Code in force since 1916 and to bring it in line with the already existing Economic Laws, like securities, insurance, banking, intellectual property, public records, general direction of revenue, general direction of customs, which structure and functionally overcome obsolescence, regulatory gaps, contradictions and the disuse of corporate figures created by the Code. The Government of Nicaragua established a Steering Committee, which has engaged in drafting the bill. However, this research proves this bill is based in the «Classic Contractual Theory», contained in the Code of 1916. This article incorporates in its analysis the experience in corporate modernization that leagues comparative law, German, French, Spanish, Colombian, Mexican and Argentine versus the Nicaraguan case. It also identifies and analyzes the characteristics of new corporate types. Finally, the alternatives are presented: a) to create a new code of commerce with 4 books and 2 general laws, bankruptcy and maritime, as proposed by the Committee; or b) to maintain the commercial code in force and to reform it by means of general laws: such as Mercantile Corporations Laws, Commercial Activities Law, Bankruptcy Law, Maritime Law, among others, as well as to adopt a legal mercantile digest and a compilation of all the legal regulations regarding this subject.

Este artículo analiza la modernización del magisterio rural en México a través del discurso de la agencia modernizadora y la práctica narrada de los agentes educativos que ponen en acto sus principios, a finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI. El estudio integró un corpus de documentos políticos, jurídicos y normativos que contextualizan la moderna identificación del maestro rural, y aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas a directores, docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Normal Rural de Tenería en el Estado de México. Para analizar los referentes de identificación del magisterio rural, se empleó el policy analysis posfundacional, sostenido en la ontología histórica foucaultiana y la epistemología social latouriana. Se encontró que la agencia modernizadora desplazó el sentido del cambio, de la emancipación social al cambio en sí del agente educativo, y que el maestro rural se identificó fuera de los parámetros modernizadores como la neutralidad ideológica, la transmisión de contenido y la organización práctica de la vida. Mas bien, asumió la responsabilidad de guiar la conciencia colectiva y desechó, como regla de actuación, la distinción entre la aséptica función de representar las cosas para conocerlas y el poder de representar sujetos sociales para emanciparlos.

The relevance of the problem under study lies in the rapid development of digital technologies, which provide unique opportunities for optimising and improving the efficiency of construction production. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of digital changes on the technology and organisation of construction activities in Ukraine. The methods of literature review, experimentation, and abduction were used. The study determined which digital technologies, such as BIM, IoT, and AI, are most important to construction organisations. A framework of efficiency-boosting tactics, including personnel training, process optimisation, and technology integration, was created. To visualise data on digital priorities and initiatives, an application was developed. The study emphasised the significance of all-encompassing digital transformation plans and the demand for ongoing innovation in the building sector.

The development of agriculture has its own history from primitive agriculture, traditional agriculture to modem agriculture. Is it a historical road we must follow? Human being had experienced a long history of living on collection and hunting for about 2,000 to 3,000 millenniums since human being appeared on earth. After we settled down, another 10 millenniums passed. Human being began to cultivate crops and raise animals. Thus, we entered the primitive agriculture stage. The primitive agriculture lasted for 7,000 years to get our food security on primitive crop cultivation and animal raising.