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"molybdenum"
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Correction: Ahmad et al. Spread Spectrum Induced Polarization (SSIP) Survey for the Qiushuwan Copper–Molybdenum Deposits in Southern Henan Province, China. Minerals 2024, 14, 934
In the published publication [...]
Journal Article
A Review on MoS2 Properties, Synthesis, Sensing Applications and Challenges
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the compounds discussed nowadays due to its outstanding properties that allowed its usage in different applications. Its band gap and its distinctive structure make it a promising material to substitute graphene and other semiconductor devices. It has different applications in electronics especially sensors like optical sensors, biosensors, electrochemical biosensors that play an important role in the detection of various diseases’ like cancer and Alzheimer. It has a wide range of energy applications in batteries, solar cells, microwave, and Terahertz applications. It is a promising material on a nanoscale level, with favorable characteristics in spintronics and magnetoresistance. In this review, we will discuss MoS2 properties, structure and synthesis techniques with a focus on its applications and future challenges.
Journal Article
Molybdenum derived from nanomaterials incorporates into molybdenum enzymes and affects their activities in vivo
Many nanoscale biomaterials fail to reach the clinical trial stage due to a poor understanding of the fundamental principles of their in vivo behaviour. Here we describe the transport, transformation and bioavailability of MoS
2
nanomaterials through a combination of in vivo experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that after intravenous injection molybdenum is significantly enriched in liver sinusoid and splenic red pulp. This biodistribution is mediated by protein coronas that spontaneously form in the blood, principally with apolipoprotein E. The biotransformation of MoS
2
leads to incorporation of molybdenum into molybdenum enzymes, which increases their specific activities in the liver, affecting its metabolism. Our findings reveal that nanomaterials undergo a protein corona-bridged transport–transformation–bioavailability chain in vivo, and suggest that nanomaterials consisting of essential trace elements may be converted into active biological molecules that organisms can exploit. Our results also indicate that the long-term biotransformation of nanomaterials may have an impact on liver metabolism.
Understanding the in vivo biotransformation of nanomaterials used for biomedical applications might shed light on their long-term effects and safety. Here the authors show that molybdenum derived from nanomaterials is mainly transported in the liver, in a corona-mediated process, and is incorporated in molybdoenzymes, with an effect on liver metabolism.
Journal Article
Valley magnetoelectricity in single-layer MoS 2
The magnetoelectric (ME) effect, the phenomenon of inducing magnetization by application of an electric field or vice versa, holds great promise for magnetic sensing and switching applications. Studies of the ME effect have so far focused on the control of the electron spin degree of freedom (DOF) in materials such as multiferroics and conventional semiconductors. Here, we report a new form of the ME effect based on the valley DOF in two-dimensional Dirac materials. By breaking the three-fold rotational symmetry in single-layer MoS
via a uniaxial stress, we have demonstrated the pure electrical generation of valley magnetization in this material, and its direct imaging by Kerr rotation microscopy. The observed out-of-plane magnetization is independent of in-plane magnetic field, linearly proportional to the in-plane current density, and optimized when the current is orthogonal to the strain-induced piezoelectric field. These results are fully consistent with a theoretical model of valley magnetoelectricity driven by Berry curvature effects. Furthermore, the effect persists at room temperature, opening possibilities for practical valleytronic devices.
Journal Article
Correction: Tallarita et al. The Role of –OEt Substituents in Molybdenum-Assisted Pentathiepine Formation—Access to Diversely Functionalized Azines. Molecules 2024, 29, 3806
In the original publication [...]
Journal Article
The Final Step in Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis—A Historical View
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient across all kingdoms of life, where it functions as a key component of the active centers of molybdenum-dependent enzymes. For these enzymes to gain catalytic activity, Mo must be complexed with a pterin scaffold to form the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). The final step of Moco biosynthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme Mo-insertase. This review focuses on eukaryotic Mo-insertases, with an emphasis on those found in plants and mammals, which have been instrumental in advancing the understanding of Mo biochemistry. Additionally, a historical perspective is provided, tracing the discovery of Mo-insertase from the early 1960s to the detailed characterization of its reaction mechanism in 2021. This review also highlights key milestones in the study of Mo-insertase, including mutant characterization, gene cloning, structural elucidation at the atomic level, functional domain assignment, and the spatial organization of the enzyme within cellular protein networks.
Journal Article
The History of Animal and Plant Sulfite Oxidase—A Personal View
Sulfite oxidase is one of five molybdenum-containing enzymes known in eukaryotes where it catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. This review covers the history of sulfite oxidase research starting out with the early years of its discovery as a hepatic mitochondrial enzyme in vertebrates, leading to basic biochemical and structural properties that have inspired research for decades. A personal view on sulfite oxidase in plants, that sulfates are assimilated for their de novo synthesis of cysteine, is presented by Ralf Mendel with numerous unexpected findings and unique properties of this single-cofactor sulfite oxidase localized to peroxisomes. Guenter Schwarz connects his research to sulfite oxidase via its deficiency in humans, demonstrating its unique role amongst all molybdenum enzymes in humans. In essence, in both the plant and animal kingdoms, sulfite oxidase represents an important player in redox regulation, signaling and metabolism, thereby connecting sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in multiple ways.
Journal Article
Photothermal modulation of human stem cells using light-responsive 2D nanomaterials
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials that are photoresponsive at near-infrared wavelengths (NIR). Here, we demonstrate the ability of 2D MoS₂ to modulate cellular functions of human stem cells through photothermal mechanisms. The interaction of MoS₂ and NIR stimulation of MoS₂ with human stem cells is investigated using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Global gene expression profile of stem cells reveals significant influence of MoS₂ and NIR stimulation of MoS₂ on integrins, cellular migration, and wound healing. The combination of MoS₂ and NIR light may provide new approaches to regulate and direct these cellular functions for the purposes of regenerative medicine as well as cancer therapy.
Journal Article
Steam-Assisted Ammonolysis of MoOsub.2 as a Synthetic Pathway to Oxygenated δ-MoN
A common route for the synthesis of molybdenum nitrides is through the temperature-programmed reaction of molybdenum oxides with NH[sub.3], or ammonolysis. In this work, the role of precursor phase, gas phase chemistry (impact of H[sub.2]O), and temperature profile on the reaction outcome (700 °C) was examined, which resulted in varying amounts of MoO[sub.2], H[sub.2]MoO[sub.5], and the nitride phases—cubic γ (nominally Mo[sub.2]N) and hexagonal δ (nominally MoN). The phase fraction of the δ phase increased with precursor in the sequence MoO[sub.2] > MoO[sub.3] > H[sub.2]MoO[sub.5]. Steam in the reaction gas also favored the production of δ over γ, but with too much steam, MoO[sub.2] was obtained in the product. Synthesis conditions for obtaining nearly phase-pure δ were identified: MoO[sub.2] as the precursor, 2% H[sub.2]O in the gas stream, and a moderate heating rate (3 °C/min). In situ X-ray diffraction provided insights into the reaction pathway. Extensive physico-chemical analysis of the δ phase, including synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and prompt gamma activation analysis, revealed its stoichiometry to be MoO[sub.0.108(8)]N[sub.0.892(8)]H[sub.0.012(5)], indicating non-trivial oxygen incorporation. The presence of N/O ordering and an impurity phase Mo[sub.5]N[sub.6] were also revealed, detectable only by neutron diffraction. Notably, a computationally predicted MoON phase (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.236402), of interest due to its potential to display a metal-insulator transition, did not appear under any reaction condition examined.
Journal Article