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"motor development"
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Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Infants’ Motor Development within the First Twelve Months of Life: Who Is Expected to Be the Ultimate Carrier of the Obesity Burden?
Introduction: Pre-pregnancy obesity is a significant public health concern with profound implications for maternal and child health. The burgeoning evidence suggests that maternal obesity prior to conception is intricately linked with an increased risk of gestational complications, as well as with adverse neonatal outcomes. Furthermore, the long and short-term health of offspring, including the risk of early motor development impairment, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in childhood and adulthood, may be adversely affected as well. Addressing pre-pregnancy obesity is critical for improving overall maternal and child health outcomes, and therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the connections linking pre-pregnancy obesity with infants’ motor development within the first twelve months of infants’ lives. Material and Methods: This study included 200 mother–infant pairs divided into two groups based on their pre-pregnancy body mass index values. To assess infants’ early motor development, we used the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and evaluated the parameters of infants’ early motor development at the ages of three, six, nine, and twelve months. Results: Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was significantly associated with excessive gestational weight gain (p < 0.001), fetal macrosomia (p = 0.022), and a family history of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.048 and p = 0.041, respectively), as well as with all observed parameters of early motor development at the ages of three, six, nine, and twelve months: AIMS 3 months total (p < 0.001), AIMS 6 months total (p < 0.001), AIMS 9 months total (p < 0.001), and AIMS 12 months total (p < 0.001). Furthermore, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was a significant predictor for AIMS 6 months total (p = 0.043) and AIMS 6 months supination (p = 0.017). Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy obesity is a critical determinant of pregnancy outcomes and offspring early motor development, with possible far-reaching implications for children’s long-term well-being. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach that includes preconception weight management, targeted interventions during the pregnancy and postpartum periods, and ongoing research to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective strategies for prevention and management.
Journal Article
Associations among prenatal and postnatal arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposures and motor development in 3-year-old children: a longitudinal birth cohort study in Taiwan
Prenatal and postnatal exposures to heavy metals have been suggested to interfere with neurodevelopment, but the neurotoxicity of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the associations between the levels of As, Cd, and Pb and children’s neurodevelopment. A total of 299 mother–infant pairs were recruited in this study and their meconium were collected. After three years, 53 children underwent the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) examinations and provided hair and fingernail specimens. The levels of As, Cd, and Pb in the meconium, hair, and fingernail were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; the median levels were the following: meconium, 42.7, 5.57, and 25.6 ng/g, respectively; hair, 0.19, 0.05, and 3.61 μg/g, respectively; and fingernail, 0.29, 0.04, and 0.84 μg/g, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that the log-transformed levels of As in the hair samples was negatively associated with gross motor development (
β
= − 0.032; 95% confidence interval: − 0.061 to − 0.004). We conclude that postnatal exposure to As is a crucial period for gross motor development in children, while the effects of Cd and Pb on neurodevelopment are less clear.
Journal Article
Paediatric biomechanics and motor control : theory and application
\"Paediatric Biomechanics and Motor Control brings together the very latest developmental research using biomechanical measurement and analysis techniques and is the first book to focus on biomechanical aspects of child development. The book is divided into four main sections, looking at biological change during motor development; force production; the biomechanics of postural control and fundamental motor skills, and clinical applications of research into paediatric biomechanics and motor control. Written by a team of leading experts in paediatric exercise science, biomechanics and motor control from the UK, the US, Australia and Europe, the book is designed to highlight the key implications of this work for scientists, educators and clinicians. Each chapter is preceded by a short overview of the relevant biomechanical concepts and concludes with a summary of the practical and clinical applications in relation to the existing literature on the topic. This book is important reading for any sport or exercise scientist, health scientist, physical therapist, sports coach or clinician with an interest in child development or health\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The relationship between the practice of physical activity and sport and the level of motor competence in primary school children
Gross motor skills are the precursors of complex activities used for performing typical daily activities and for playing games and sports. The development of this kind of skills happens between three and eight years and an adequate level of these skills is mandatory in order to develop psyco-motor, social and affective domains of learning. In this work, the gross motor development has been studied in 120 children aged 6 to 11 from three different schools in Sicily. Every child performed all the items of the TGMD test and was ranked according to their gross motor development quotient. Later, thanks to the parents' help, every child had to complete the CLASS questionnaire which had investigated on their daily routine in terms of activities done. Regression analysis was performed to establish which determinants impact the most on the skills development. Results showed that males, the children of the lower classes and those who practice a sport are more likely to have a high motor level in comparison with the respective reference categories (i.e, females, highest school classes, and students with low level of motion, respectively). These evidences are useful to understand the role of the school in the development of FMS and to plan adequate strategies in order to overcome the up-to-date limits in the physical education teaching-learning process.
Journal Article
A position statement on the post gene-therapy rehabilitation of aromatic I-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency patients
Aromatic
l
-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis that presents with a range of symptoms, including motor dysfunction and limited attainment of developmental motor milestones. The approval of eladocagene exuparvovec, a gene therapy for AADC deficiency with demonstrated efficacy for motor improvements, now expands the range of motor outcomes possible for patients with this disorder. However, recommendations and guidelines for therapy following treatment with gene therapy are lacking. To ensure patients can reach their full potential following treatment with gene therapy, it is essential they receive rehabilitation therapies designed specifically with their impairments and goals in mind. Therefore, we highlight specific rehabilitative needs of patients following gene therapy and propose a set of recommendations for the post-treatment period based on collective experiences of therapists, physicians, and caregivers treating and caring for patients with AADC deficiency who have been treated with gene therapy. These recommendations include a focus on periods of intensive therapy, facilitating active movements, training for functional abilities, cognitive and communication training, parent/caregiver empowerment, collaboration between therapists and caregivers to develop in-home programs, and the incorporation of supplemental forms of therapy that patients and their families may find more enjoyable and engaging. Many of these rehabilitative strategies may be employed prior to gene therapy. However, these recommendations will be valuable for therapists, caregivers, and wider treatment teams as they prepare for the post-treatment journey with these patients. Furthermore, the considerations and recommendations presented here may prove beneficial outside the AADC deficiency community as gene therapies and other treatments are developed and approved for other rare diseases.
Journal Article
A model of physical literacy, parental involvement, and social factors on motor development in children with social development as a moderator
Introduction: Early motor development is crucial for children's growth, but inactivity, lack of parental awareness, and excessive screen time hinder progress. Urgent interventions are needed to promote active lifestyles from an early age. Objective: this study explores the moderating effects of social development on the relationship between parental physical literacy, parental involvement, and other social factors, and child motor development. Methodology: Utilizing a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design, online surveys with Likert scales and Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis were employed. Results: The findings underscore the positive influence of parental physical literacy and parental participation in physical activities on child motor development, particularly among children who exhibit strong social skills. Discussion: However, social variables such as norms and social support did not demonstrate a significant impact. The study's findings indicate a strong correlation between parents' physical literacy, their involvement in physical activities, and children's social development. Conclusions: The study's conclusions suggest that enhancing motor development in children can be achieved through parental training in physical literacy and the promotion of physical activities during childhood.
Journal Article