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Politics in geographical research on mobilities evaluates the nature of power and control of mobility and considers how people are differently enabled and constrained by these processes. Politics is usually approached along subject-centered lines where the task is to identify who is enabled and who is constrained and subsequently to account for the hidden mechanisms of power behind this unevenness. This article argues that what these subject-centered analyses can risk underplaying are the very transformations that mobility practices such as commuting themselves actually give rise to. This article draws on qualitative fieldwork during an evening train commute between Sydney and Wollongong in Australia to argue that the politics of mobilities needs to attend to ongoing processes of \"micropolitical\" transformation that take place through events and encounters, changing relations of enablement and constraint in the process. My argument is that we need to expand our understanding of what constitutes mobility politics to understand the nature and reach of the multiple forces that are at play, affecting and transforming life in this zone. This potentially enables us to more sensitively evaluate questions of responsibility and intervention.

This article proposes an agenda for research into the spatial, social, and relational character of globally circulating urban policies, policy models, and policy knowledge. It draws on geographical political economy literatures that analyze particular social processes in terms of wider sociospatial contexts, in part by maintaining a focus on the dialectics of fixity and flow. The article combines this perspective with poststructuralist arguments about the analytical benefits of close studies of the embodied practices, representations, and expertise through which policy knowledge is mobilized. I suggest that the notion of mobilities offers a useful rubric under which to operationalize this approach to the \"local globalness\" of urban policy transfer. The utility of this research approach is illustrated by the example of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a city that is frequently referenced by policymakers elsewhere as they look for \"hot\" policy ideas. The case also indicates that there is much research yet to be done on the character and implications of interurban policy transfer. Specifically, I argue that, while maintaining a focus on wider forces, studies of urban policy mobilities must take seriously the role that apparently banal activities of individual policy transfer agents play in the travels of policy models and must also engage in fine-grained qualitative studies of how policies are carried from place to place, learned in specific settings, and changed as they move. The final section offers theoretical and methodological questions and considerations that can frame future research into how, why, and with what consequences urban policies are mobilized globally.

This article analyzes outbound tourism from mainland China to Hong Kong and Taiwan, two territories claimed by the People's Republic of China, to unpack the geopolitics of the state and the everyday, to theorize the mutual constitution of the tourist and the nation-state, and to explore the role of tourism in new forms of protest and resistance. Based on ethnographies of tourism practices and spaces of resistance conducted between 2012 and 2015 and supported by ethnographic content analysis, this article demonstrates that tourism mobilities are entangled with shifting forms of sovereignty, territoriality, and bordering. The case of China, the world's fastest growing tourism market, is exemplary. Tourism is profoundly affecting spatial, social, political, and economic order throughout the wider region, reconfiguring leisure spaces and economies, transportation infrastructure, popular political discourse, and geopolitical imaginaries. At the same time that tourism is being used to project Chinese state authority over Taiwan and consolidate control over Tibet and Xinjiang, it has also triggered popular protest in Hong Kong (including the pro-democracy Umbrella Movement and its aftermath), and international protest over the territorially contested South China Sea. This article argues that embodied, everyday practices such as tourism cannot be divorced from state-scale geopolitics and that future research should pay closer attention to its unpredictable political instrumentalities and chaotic effects. In dialogue with both mobilities research and borders studies, it sheds light not only on the vivid particularities of the region but on the cultural politics and geopolitics of tourism in general.

We use two trajectory ethnographies that follow the migration processes of Sudanese and Nigerians heading for the European Union across space and time, to explore how the main theoretical principles of the mobilities debate add value to transnational migration research. We thereby particularly appreciate the relational ontology of the mobilities approach and its analytical focus on the differentiation of power and experiences in mobility processes. By providing in-depth insights into how migration trajectories evolve-that is, how they are produced, facilitated, slowed down, and blocked-we argue that a thorough analysis of migrants' im/mobilities helps us to reveal the spatial frictions, embodied efforts, and emotions that are inherent aspects of transnational engagements.

Increasing numbers of young people are migrating across the Global South to pursue tertiary education and find employment. In north India, though, as elsewhere, migrants are often unable to realize the kind of social mobility to which they aspire. This article examines the ways in which educated yet unemployed male migrants perform identities to contend their marginality. Through a multisited ethnography, during which I accompanied participants to their rural villages as well as the regional city of Dehradun, I argue that young men strategically mobilize identities that register them as \"out of place.\" By drawing together critical migration studies and mobilities literatures, I show how young men perform rural identities in urban areas and urban identities in rural ones to realize status and respect. In a context of widespread unemployment and uncertainty, this is an important strategy through which migrants seek to position themselves as worthy youth with meaningful prospects, at the same time as they leave open the possibility of both rural and urban futures. Key Words: identities, India, migrants, mobilities, young men.

Growing influence of the new mobilities paradigm among human geographers has combined with a long and rich disciplinary tradition of studying the movement of things and people. Yet how policy ideas and knowledge are mobilized remains a notably underdeveloped area of inquiry. In this article, we discuss the mobilization of policy ideas and policy models as a particularly powerful type of mobile knowledge. The article examines the burgeoning academic work on policy mobilities and points toward a growing policy mobilities approach in the literature, noting the multidisciplinary conversations behind the approach as well as the key commitments of many of its advocates. This approach is illustrated using the travels of tax increment financing (TIF) with the role of learning and market-making within efforts to introduce TIF in more cities highlighted. In conclusion, we discuss some of the political and practical limits that often confront efforts to mobilize policy ideas.

In 2008, Hanoi's municipal government banned street vending from numerous sites, significantly delineating and redefining access to urban space. The ban privileges certain forms of movement by designating streets and sidewalks for the fluid movements of \"modern\" transportation, rather than the staccato \"traditional\" mobilities of street vendors who stop frequently to ply their trade. In this article, we explore the everyday mobilities of Hanoi's vendors in light of this ban, focusing on the careful negotiations vendors undertake to secure rights to the city's streets and highlighting how vendor mobilities are socially, politically, and culturally produced and reworked. We combine Cresswell's six facets of mobility with Kerkvliet's everyday politics to form a hybrid everyday politics of mobility. In doing so we highlight vendors' daily experiences of mobility and the politics affecting itinerant vendors compared to their stationary counterparts. Based on eight months of fieldwork in Hanoi, incorporating interviews, mobile ethnographic methods, and vendor journaling, this article contributes an in-depth examination into the politics of (im)mobility in the Global South, considering how mobility is framed and produced in a distinctly socialist context. By focusing on the everyday politics of vending in Hanoi and the tactics undertaken to carve out mobilities in the urban landscape, we illustrate these vendors' daily lived realities as well as their connections with and contestations of local, regional, and global political-economic systems. We find mobility is a mechanism of resistance, as vendors strive to maintain mobile livelihoods despite threats of state sanctions and exclusion.

Este artículo se pregunta por el devenir de los arraigos en una ciudad global como Madrid. Se aborda primero una redefinición de esta noción orientada a conseguir una delimitación capaz de tener en cuenta la pluralidad de sus modalidades y sus distintas articulaciones con las movilidades. Seguidamente, se distingue entre los arraigos residenciales y los cotidianos, y se confecciona una tipología para los barrios de Madrid que combina ambas modalidades, teniendo en cuenta además la incidencia de 6 factores sociodemográficos y urbanísticos. Los principales resultados consisten en la constatación de: a) la persistencia de los arraigos en Madrid; b) la diversidad de sus combinaciones en los distintos barrios; c) la elevada concentración de los arraigos residenciales y los cotidianos en los barrios populares de la periferia madrileña, lo que refuerza la conceptualización de dichos arraigos como soportes socio-existenciales frente a la vulnerabilidad expuesta en publicaciones previas.

This article analyzes the experience of Peruvians in Argentina during times of military dictatorships in the 1970s. Both Argentina and Peru operated by monitoring borders and the presence of «potential subversives». We work with a qualitative methodology: key informant interviews and document analysis. The fundamental conclusion is that Peruvians faced a double (and in some cases, triple) punishment (Sayad, 2010). This is manifested in the imposition of the following punishment: (1) penalties through deportation from their home country; (2) condemnation due to their status as non-nationals in Argentina, and (3) sanction for a specific crime, related to «subversive» practices. Este artículo analiza la experiencia de peruanos/as en Argentina en tiempos de dictaduras militares (en la década de 1970), período en el que ambos países, tanto Argentina como Perú, controlaron y vigilaron las fronteras y la permanencia de «posibles subversivos». Se trabaja con una metodología cualitativa, para analizar entrevistas a informantes claves y un corpus documental. La conclusión fundamental es que las/los peruanos enfrentaron una doble (y, en algunos casos, triple) pena (Sayad, 2010). Esta se manifiesta en la articulación de las siguientes penalidades: (1) el castigo mediante la deportación de su país de origen; (2) la condena por su condición de no nacionales en Argentina; y (3) la sanción por un delito específico, vinculada a prácticas de «subversión».

Geographers and urbanists focused on assemblages in the Global South have significantly advanced urban theory, investigating politics, policy, everyday practices of (in)formality-infrastructure, water, sanitation, housing, education, health-how (non)human actors, networks, practices, ideas, and learning constitute urban life. This article outlines new directions for this agenda, presenting research into comparative geographies of Live-in-Guardians-\"temporary\" living, often in nonresidential buildings, based on licensed tenure-undertaken in London, Dublin, Amsterdam, and New York City that considers water sprinklers, light and air, employment, money, travel, ghosts, family, love, nuns, intimacy, slamming doors, echoes, friendship, aesthetics, leaks, draughts, comfort, sharing, heat and cold, housing markets, consumer culture, and so on. We engage with (non)human assemblages to offer new theoretical and empirical insights into relational politics, legislation, policy, (in)mobilities, (un)comfortable materialities, and more-than-representation, which we argue are key to understanding (in)formal housing in the Global North.