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We introduce a mathematical framework that allows one to carry out multiscalar and multigroup spatial exploratory analysis across urban regions. By producing coefficients that integrate information across all scales and that are normalized with respect to theoretical maximally segregated configurations, this framework provides a practical and powerful tool for the comparative empirical analysis of urban segregation. We illustrate our method with a study of ethnic mixing in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.

Over the last two decades, the notion of institutional thickness has become a key reference for a large body of work that has sought to provide profound insights into the link between institutions and regional development. However, only few attempts have been made to reassess the concept, to improve its methodology, and to reflect on its empirical application. The aim of this article is to revise the original concept of institutional thickness. We draw on and seek to contribute to current work in economic geography and related disciplines on the role of organizations and institutions in regional development. We identify some crucial limitations and provide suggestions for how they can be addressed. It is argued that much can be gained by (1) explicitly elaborating on the relation between the organizational and institutional dimensions of thickness, (2) moving beyond overly static views on thickness, (3) developing a multiscalar approach to thickness, and (4) identifying features for assessing thickness in absolute and relative terms.

We employ social network analysis of collar decoration on Iroquoian vessels to conduct a multiscalar analysis of signaling practices among ancestral Huron-Wendat communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Our analysis focuses on the microscale of the West Duffins Creek community relocation sequence as well as the mesoscale, incorporating several populations to the west. The data demonstrate that network ties were stronger among populations in adjacent drainages as opposed to within drainage-specific sequences, providing evidence for west-to-east population movement, especially as conflict between Wendat and Haudenosaunee populations escalated in the sixteenth century. These results suggest that although coalescence may have initially involved the incorporation of peoples from microscale (local) networks, populations originating among wider mesoscale (subregional) networks contributed to later coalescent communities. These findings challenge previous models of village relocation and settlement aggregation that oversimplified these processes.

This paper examines the subnational dimension of regional value-added transfers in multiscalar value chains in Brazil by analyzing the local content embedded in trade. This study reveals distinct spatial-based connectivity patterns within subnational and global value chains. An input-output model is employed to estimate the trade in value added from different Brazilian regions. The findings demonstrate that economically advanced regions, such as Southeastern Brazil, are both globally and nationally integrated and therefore stand to benefit from both types of integration. Conversely, subnational peripheries in the North and Northeastern states of Brazil play a crucial role in supplying raw materials for both domestic and global flows. These regions exhibit a clear profile of export dependency with low value-added content in trade. Consequently, our trade measures highlight a spatial concentration of development opportunities characterized by a distinct core-periphery pattern within the country. This imbalance in territorial capacity limits the potential for these regions to derive economic development benefits from integration into value chains.

A multiscalar analysis of the Poverty Point mound and ridge complex of northeast Louisiana illustrates the value of agency and practice theories to historical interpretations of monumental architecture. The architects of Poverty Point included both ancient mounds in their design and, arguably, symbolic representations of the far-flung places and peoples from which Poverty Point residents acquired raw materials for tools and ornaments. The conjunction of the past with the present, and the local with the nonlocal was the logic of a new social order that was both corporate and pluralistic. Extrapolation of the geometry of Poverty Point earthworks at increasingly larger scales encompasses the places and histories of communities whose migrations, shifting alliances, and transformations contributed to the genesis of Poverty Point culture.

Hydrogeological research lacks a standard methodology for supporting the management of groundwater resources in territory planning. The mapping of geological units in terms of their hydrogeological properties (such as permeability, effective infiltration, hydro-capacity) may provide a propaedeutical tool for calibration and validation of regional scale hydrogeological components (aquifer, aquiclude, aquitard). This work presents a hydrolithological map based on analysis of the 1:100,000 official cartography (provided by the Italian Geological Survey). The study area includes three distinct administrative regions (Tuscany, Latium and Umbria) and is a part of the central Apennines (Italy), an orogenic segment with distinctive tectono-stratigraphic sequences characterized by different degrees of permeability. A methodological approach is described that revises the geological information from the original cartography and builds a multicriteria database. The results are schematized in the attached map (at 1:100,000 scale) where the 'hydrolithological complex' (i.e. complex grouping lithologies with genetic and tectonic affinities and showing internal textural and compositional similarities that produce a comparable behaviour regarding groundwater flow and storage) is used as the key unit. Thematic maps illustrating permeability variation in the area and 'macro-complexes' are also included. The information is presented to outline the importance of revising, updating, and homogenizing geological cartography for providing direct multiscalar analysis suitable for territory planning.

En 2020, algo más de 9,2 millones de personas contaban en España con más de 65 años. Esto suponía casi un 20% del total de su población, siendo el país uno de los más envejecidos del mundo. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es tipificar la distribución geográfica del envejecimiento en España, recurriendo al Análisis Territorial Multiescalar, que permitirá indagar en los contrastes territoriales que respecto al fenómeno se producen en el país, permitiendo establecer una tipología de la distribución del envejecimiento. El Análisis Territorial Multiescalar se basa en la combinación de las desviaciones relativas de un ámbito, en este caso los municipios españoles, respecto de varios contextos territoriales de referencia: el conjunto del estado, las distintas Comunidades Autónomas, las provincias y los municipios vecinos. Descubrir los contrastes territoriales que el envejecimiento dibuja en la geografía española será uno de los objetivos del presente trabajo donde el procedimiento seguido pondrá de manifiesto que el envejecimiento es un fenómeno generalizado, pero no homogéneo, en el territorio, pues muestra continuidades, discontinuidades y contrastes que son resultado de la desigual incidencia que, sobre las estructuras demográficas pasadas, tuvieron tanto el devenir de la movilidad natural como, sobre todo, el de las dinámicas migratorias. El envejecimiento, como principal resultado de muchos de esos cambios estructurales acontecidos, está comprometiendo el presente demográfico de muchos municipios españoles determinando la viabilidad dc gran parte del territorio español abocado, irremediablemente, a la despoblación y al colapso demográfico. El reverso de esta situación lo protagonizan los entornos de muchas ciudades, las islas o las franjas litorales del país que han visto remozadas sus estructuras demográficas gracias a la continua acogida de población joven.

As demonstrated by the chapters of this volume, Early and Middle Woodland ritual landscapes are variable and dynamic throughout Eastern North America. Our analyses of these phenomena, however, are uneven, because interpretations of landscapes result not only from local culture histories but also from our various academic backgrounds and theoretical persuasions. Landscape is a tricky and theoretically vague term, the definition of which tends to shift across disciplines or according to the available material data in question. In cultural geography, for instance, there is a disciplinary distinction between American geographical studies of the built environment (Sauer 1956) and the British

Key themes of the volume are summarized in this chapter, which addresses the challenge of multiscalar analysis, the balance between structure and agency, and the impact of unresolved colonial legacies on the character, processes, and ethics of archaeological engagements with the public. In addition to reflecting upon the case studies presented in chapters 1-10, additional evidence from Northern Ireland, Great Britain, and Virginia is considered in light of the complicated relationship between colonial identities (and identity formation) with material culture, and the manner of its contemporary interpretation. Suggestions are made for re-framing archaeologies of comparative colonialism to ensure that both the violence and inequity of colonial encounters and the proactive manner in which all those caught in colonialism’s grasp enacted strategies to cope with its forces are acknowledged and critically considered.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito‐borne alphavirus that causes global epidemics of debilitating disease worldwide. To gain functional insight into the host cellular genes required for virus infection, we performed whole‐blood RNA‐seq, 37‐plex mass cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and serum cytokine measurements of acute‐ and convalescent‐phase samples obtained from 42 children naturally infected with CHIKV. Semi‐supervised classification and clustering of single‐cell events into 57 sub‐communities of canonical leukocyte phenotypes revealed a monocyte‐driven response to acute infection, with the greatest expansions in “intermediate” CD14 ++ CD16 + monocytes and an activated subpopulation of CD14 + monocytes. Increases in acute‐phase CHIKV envelope protein E2 expression were highest for monocytes and dendritic cells. Serum cytokine measurements confirmed significant acute‐phase upregulation of monocyte chemoattractants. Distinct transcriptomic signatures were associated with infection timepoint, as well as convalescent‐phase anti‐CHIKV antibody titer, acute‐phase viremia, and symptom severity. We present a multiscale network that summarizes all observed modulations across cellular and transcriptomic levels and their interactions with clinical outcomes, providing a uniquely global view of the biomolecular landscape of human CHIKV infection. Synopsis This study comprehensively profiles the innate immune response to CHIKV infection in acutely infected Nicaraguan children. We use multiscale analysis of RNA‐seq, CyTOF and Luminex data to dissect the host response to CHIKV in unprecedented depth. CHIKV infection leads to a monocyte‐driven response during the acute phase of infection as shown by CyTOF immunophenotyping and the detection of monocyte‐attracting cytokines by Luminex. The “intermediate” CD14 ++ CD16 + subpopulation and an activated (CD123 + , CX 3 CR1 + and CD141 + ) CD14 + monocyte subpopulation associate most strongly with the acute phase of infection when compared against all other identified subpopulations of PBMCs by CyTOF. We discover new transcriptomic signatures for differences in acute‐phase viremia, acute‐phase symptom severity, and convalescent‐phase immunogenicity. We create a multiscale network that summarizes the immunological changes across the cellular and gene expression levels and their interactions with various clinical outcomes, and thereby provide a comprehensive characterization of the pediatric host response to CHIKV infection. Graphical Abstract This study comprehensively profiles the innate immune response to CHIKV infection in acutely infected Nicaraguan children. We use multiscale analysis of RNA‐seq, CyTOF and Luminex data to dissect the host response to CHIKV in unprecedented depth.