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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) adsorptive membrane incorporated with nanosize-goethite (α-FeO(OH)) hydrous metal oxide particles (GNPs), prepared with optimal flux and Cu(II) removal in the previous study, was used to evaluate the process parameter on the Cu(II) removal. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the impact of Cu(II) feed solution characteristics such as pH, initial concentration of metal ion, and transmembrane pressure (TMP) on copper removal efficiency. The outcomes indicated that the RSM optimization technique could be utilized as an applicable method to find the optimum condition for the maximum Cu(II) removal with slight variance compared with the experimentally measured data. The effect of each process parameter and the coupling effect of parameters on the Cu(II) removal was assessed. Finally, the optimum condition of pH, Cu(II) concentration, and transmembrane pressure (TMP) to obtain high copper removal efficiency was decided. In the optimum condition of the Cu(II) removal, the removal of lead (Pb(II)) metal ion was evaluated by the same membrane.

MCM-41 mesopore was prepared by hydrothermal method and used for synthesis of polyaniline/MCM-41 nanocomposite via in situ polymerization. The nanocomposite was blended with polysulfone to prepare mixed matrix membrane in different content of nanocomposite by phase inversion method. Structural and surface properties of the samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, AFM, TGA, BET, and zeta potential measurements. Effect of the nanocomposite content on the hydrophilicity, porosity, and permeability of the membrane was determined. Membrane performance was evaluated for removal of lead ions in dynamic filtration and static adsorption. The membranes were found as effective adsorptive filters for removal of lead ions via interactions between active sites of nanocomposite in membrane structure and lead ions during filtration. Results of batch experiments proved adsorptive mechanism of membranes for removal of lead ions with the maximum adsorption capacity of 19.6 mg/g.

This work deals with the development of an efficient method for the removal of a MG (malachite green) dye from aqueous solution using polyaniline (PANI)–Nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) magnetic nanocomposite. It is successfully synthesised in situ through self polymerisation of monomer aniline. Adsorptive removal studies are carried out for water soluble MG dye using PANI–Nickel ferrite magnetic nanocomposite in aqueous solution. Different parameters like dose of adsorbent, contact time, different initial conc., and pH have been studied to optimise reaction condition. It is concluded that adsorptive removal by PANI–Nickel ferrite magnetic nanocomposite is an efficient method for removing a MG dye from aqueous solution than work done before. The optimum conditions for the removal of the dye are initial concentration 30 mg l −1 , adsorbent dose 5gm l −1 and pH 7. The adsorption capacity is found 4.09 mg g −1 at optimum condition 30 mg l −1 . The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The experimental isotherm is found to fit with Langmuir equation. The prepared adsorbent is characterised by techniques SEM, EDS, XRD and VSM.