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Despite the existence of national and international laws and conventions to avoid discrimination in India, exclusion due to an intersection of disability, gender, and religious identity continues, resulting in marginalisation from society. This article investigates the lived experiences of people by exploring how aspects of their identity intersect to influence their inclusion or exclusion within society. Narrative interviews were undertaken with 25 participants with disabilities in the states of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. This qualitative methodology was employed to allow the participants to recount their experiences (both positive and negative) in their own words. A thematic analysis of the data provided rich evidence of the complex social structure in India, manifested by the multifaceted intersectional nature of social inclusion and exclusion. Our research found that for our participants disability was the main factor upon which discrimination was based, but that this discrimination is often compounded for people with disabilities due to their minority religious status, or gender. Marginalisation of people with disabilities is shown to be exacerbated when these identities intersect. Action is needed to ensure the human rights of people with disabilities are realised and that discrimination and marginalisation are avoided for those who have different identities compared to the majority of the population.

PurposeThis paper contributes to a dialogue about the psychoanalytic concept of free association and its application in the context of qualitative research interviewing. In doing so, it also adds to wider discussion regarding the relationship between clinical psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy and qualitative research.Design/methodology/approachCritical consideration of different perspectives on the application of free association in the qualitative research interview, extending earlier work addressing this issue. Differences and similarities in the way the concept of free association is articulated are examined regarding its framing in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy.FindingsWhether researchers see themselves as borrowing, applying or drawing inspiration from free association, there is scope for muddling distinct ways of viewing it as it is conceived in psychoanalysis.Originality/valueConsiderations are outlined for researchers interested in psychoanalytically informed methods to be mindful of.

This study investigates the lived experiences of racial microaggressions faced by young adult migrants in everyday life in Glasgow, UK. The personal stories reported in this study are a direct challenge to the dominant political narrative that Scotland does not have a racism problem. When faced with this discord between narrative and reality, young adultmigrants in Scotland must negotiate both their own lived experiences and biographical narratives to achieve a sense of security. A narrative enquiry methodology is used to explore mundane and everyday interactions for four young adult migrants who have settled in Glasgow over the last 10 years. These accounts of daily life offer a unique view into the everyday racism and racialmicroaggressions faced by this group. Additionally, the opinions of selected Scottish politicians have been collected to gather an additional viewpoint on racism in Scotland. A theoretical perspective stemming from ontological security theory contributes to the racial microaggressions literature in unpacking how individual migrants negotiate traumatic experiences of racism and manage their identities. The analysis explores how migrant individuals may employ coping mechanisms and adopt distinct behaviours to minimise the daily trauma of racism and microaggressions experienced in Scotland. This study, therefore, highlights the potential for interdisciplinary research on racism, narrative, and security studies, and the opportunities for bringing together these distinct perspectives.

Durch die Kombination verschiedener Methoden können Forschende die Stärken der einzelnen Verfahren nutzen, um die Einschränkungen der anderen auszugleichen bzw. ihr Forschungsthema umfassender zu untersuchen. In diesem Artikel gehe ich auf die Stärken und Schwächen von Timelines und Genogrammen (visuelle Daten, grafische Erhebung) im Vergleich zu narrativen Familieninterviews (verbale Datenerhebung) ein. Ich erkläre, warum wir diese Methoden in einem kollaborativen Forschungsprojekt miteinander integriert haben und erörtere, wie wir sie beim Sampling, der Datenerhebung und -analyse zum Zwecke des Vergleichs, der gegenseitigen Kompensation oder der Komplementarität verwendet haben. Die methodologischen Argumente werden mit empirischen Beispielen aus einem Forschungsprojekt zum Statuserhalt in Mittelschichtsfamilien veranschaulicht, um zu zeigen, wie wir die drei Methoden zur Untersuchung komplementärer Perspektiven auf individuelle und miteinander verknüpfte Lebensläufe sowie zur Analyse von biografischen Längsschnittdaten und Drei-Generationen-Beziehungen eingesetzt haben. Indem ich unser qualitatives Design anhand von Konzepten aus dem Mixed-Methods- und Multimethod-Diskurs (MMMR) reflektiere, beabsichtige ich, neue methodologische Perspektiven für qualitative und Mixed-Methods-Forschende aufzuzeigen. Des Weiteren möchte ich dazu beitragen, den MMMR-Diskurs im Hinblick auf noch unterrepräsentierte, rekonstruktive oder interpretative Ansätze voranzubringen. Insgesamt reflektiere ich das erkenntnistheoretische Problem, wie Wissenschaftler*innen und Untersuchungspersonen den Forschungsgegenstand durch unterschiedliche Methoden (re)konstruieren. By combining different methods, researchers can use the strengths of each tocompensate the constraints of others and to more comprehensively examine their research topic. Inthis article, I elaborate upon the strengths and weaknesses of timelines and genograms (visualdata, graphic elicitation) in comparison to narrative family interviews (verbal data collection). Iexplain why we integrated these methods in a collaborative research project, and discuss how weused them for the purposes of comparison, mutual compensation, or complementarity duringsampling, data collection, and analysis. The methodological arguments are illustrated with empiricalexamples from a research project on status maintenance in middle-class families to show how weused the three methods to explore complementary perspectives on individual and linked lives andto analyze longitudinal biographical data and three-generation relationships. My intention is to openup new methodological perspectives for qualitative as well as mixed method researchers byreflecting on our qualitative design using concepts from the mixed methods and multimethodresearch (MMMR) discourse. Furthermore, I would like to contribute to advancing the MMMRdiscourse in regard to still underrepresented reconstructive or interpretative approaches. My overallaim is to reflect upon the epistemological problem of how scientists and respondents (re)constructthe object of research through different methods.

In der Soziologie gibt es viele verschiedene Forschungsstile, ganz zu schweigen von einer Vielzahl von Methoden. Es gibt unterschiedliche Meinungen über die Durchführbarkeit, die Sinnhaftigkeit und die geeignete Art und Weise ihrer Kombination, und zwar insbesondere auf der Ebene der Daten und nicht nur der Schlussfolgerungen. Was die zeitgenössischen biografischen Methoden betrifft, so haben einige ihrer Vertreter*innen (z.B. ROSENTHAL 1995) postuliert, dass die Lebensgeschichte einer befragten Person mit dem tatsächlichen Verlauf ihres Lebensweges verglichen werden sollte. Forschende haben jedoch selten Zugang zu Daten, die über Erzählungen hinausgehen. In diesem Artikel wollen wir intrasoziologische Spaltungen skizzieren, um Hintergrund und Kontext für zwei biografische narrative Interviews zu liefern, die mit langjährigen Befragten der polnischen Panelerhebung (POLPAN) durchgeführt wurden. Diese Interviews werden wiederum den Daten aus den Umfrageinterviews gegenübergestellt, die zumindest in einigen Bereichen eine wertvolle Quelle für zusätzliche Informationen über die Befragten darstellen. Abschließend reflektieren wir den potenziellen Nutzen solcher Vergleiche nicht nur für die Vertreter*innen der biografischen Methoden, sondern auch für Umfrageforschende. Wir stützen uns dabei auf einige unserer methodischen und theoretischen Überlegungen, die bereits in polnischer Sprache veröffentlicht wurden. Within sociology, there are many different research styles, and a multiplicity of methods. Opinions are divided on feasibility, sensibility, and the appropriate ways of combining them, especially at the level of data rather than conclusions. As for contemporary biographical methods, some of exponents (e.g., ROSENTHAL, 1995) have postulated that an interviewee's life story should be compared to the actual course of the life in question (i.e., the life history). Researchers, however, rarely have access to data beyond narratives. In this article, we look to outline intra-sociological splits in order to provide background and context for two biographical narrative interviews which have been conducted with long-standing respondents to the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN). These interviews, in turn, will be juxtaposed with the data derived from survey interviews, a valuable source of additional information about the interviewees, at least in some areas. Finally, we reflect on the potential benefits of such comparisons not only for proponents of the biographical methods but also for survey researchers. We draw on some of our methodological and theoretical considerations previously published in Polish.

Introduction Narrative interviews place the people being interviewed at the heart of a research study. They are a means of collecting people’s own stories about their experiences of health and illness. Narrative interviews can help researchers to better understand people’s experiences and behaviours. Narratives may come closer to representing the context and integrity of people’s lives than more quantitative means of research. Methodology Researchers using narrative interview techniques do not set out with a fixed agenda, rather they tend to let the interviewee control the direction, content and pace of the interview. The paper describes the interview process and the suggested approach to analysis of narrative interviews, We draw on the example from a study that used series of narrative interviews about people’s experiences of taking antidepressants. Limitations Some people may find it particularly challenging to tell their story to a researcher in this way rather than be asked a series of questions like in a television or radio interview. Narrative research like all qualitative research does not set out to be generalisable and may only involve a small set of interviews.

Ana Blandiana’s narrative interviews gathered in Cartea cu delfini and approaching such themes as poetry, prose, essays, point out by means of biographem - which help the paper being to emerge in a Barthesian perspective - a special narrative profile - symbolic in its turn for the woman writer’ profile which can be grasped in the mirror-text.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many qualitative researchers to consider alternative interview modes to face-to-face interviewing. While video communication platforms have gained immense popularity, video interviewing has been the focus of much of the post-pandemic methodological literature, with less attention paid to telephone interviewing. Both modes can produce data that are as rich as those generated in face-to-face interviews while offering greater cost efficiency, flexibility, and safety. Telephone interviews have been criticised for their lack of visual cues, whereas video interviews are said to exclude individuals without access to the necessary technology. In this article, I discuss the continued relevance of telephone interviews in qualitative research, based on a comparison of 62 narrative interviews with 33 former welfare recipients-some conducted face to face and some by telephone-as all research participants declined the use of video platforms. The findings indicate that similarly rich data could be generated with both modes, provided that research participants were allowed to choose the interview mode with which they felt most comfortable. Furthermore, offering telephone interviews created opportunities to include individuals who wished to be heard but not seen. I therefore propose adapting to potential research participants' needs by allowing them to choose their preferred interview mode to enable more inclusive and participant-centred research.

ObjectiveWhile previous studies have begun to explore newly graduated junior doctors’ preparedness for practice, findings are largely based on simplistic survey data or perceptions of newly graduated junior doctors and their clinical supervisors alone. This study explores, in a deeper manner, multiple stakeholders’ conceptualisations of what it means to be prepared for practice and their perceptions about newly graduated junior doctors’ preparedness (or unpreparedness) using innovative qualitative methods.DesignA multistakeholder, multicentre qualitative study including narrative interviews and longitudinal audio diaries.SettingFour UK settings: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.ParticipantsEight stakeholder groups comprising n=185 participants engaged in 101 narrative interviews (27 group and 84 individual). Twenty-six junior doctors in their first year postgraduation also provided audio diaries over a 3-month period.ResultsWe identified 2186 narratives across all participants (506 classified as ‘prepared’, 663 as ‘unprepared’, 951 as ‘general’). Seven themes were identified; this paper focuses on two themes pertinent to our research questions: (1) explicit conceptualisations of preparedness for practice; and (2) newly graduated junior doctors’ preparedness for the General Medical Council’s (GMC) outcomes for graduates. Stakeholders’ conceptualisations of preparedness for practice included short-term (hitting the ground running) and long-term preparedness, alongside being prepared for practical and emotional aspects. Stakeholders’ perceptions of medical graduates’ preparedness for practice varied across different GMC outcomes for graduates (eg, Doctor as Scholar and Scientist, as Practitioner, as Professional) and across stakeholders (eg, newly graduated doctors sometimes perceived themselves as prepared but others did not).ConclusionOur narrative findings highlight the complexities and nuances surrounding new medical graduates’ preparedness for practice. We encourage stakeholders to develop a shared understanding (and realistic expectations) of new medical graduates’ preparedness. We invite medical school leaders to increase the proportion of time that medical students spend participating meaningfully in multiprofessional teams during workplace learning.