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This paper aims to analyse alternative dispute resolution (ADR) for consumer disputes in the Slovak Republic according to Act No. 391/2015 Coll. on consumer alternative dispute resolution as amended. Through this act Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Directive on consumer ADR) has been transposed into Slovak law. Author of the paper used scientific methods of analysis, comparison, deduction, induction and synthesis. She tried to evaluate the application of consumer ADR by Slovak ADR entities, development of ADR between 2016 and 2019, current situation, and to provide conclusions and suggest changes for future.

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the effects of domestic structure forces on \"sub-national\" foreign policy (SFP); an analytical concept provides a suitable operational framework for research on international activities of sub-national entities or regions. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is carried out on the basis of a theoretical framework proposed by the author. First, the dependent variable is defined. Then, domestic structure is broken down into four variables, including legal grounds, the level of autonomy, the type of intergovernmental relations and institutionalization. A comparative method is used to examine the validity of the theoretical framework. Findings - The paper finds out that domestic structural forces influence level and form of SFP with some regularity. The influence of these forces on SFP can be explained, as they recur and have such consistent effects that they create patterns and regularities in SFP. Such regularities can be detected through systematic analysis. Originality/value - The topic of SFP is relatively controversial because of academic debate over international agency of substate actors. However, it is a worthwhile subject of research, as it has the potential to revolutionize research in foreign policy analysis. Moreover, the phenomenon of SFP is in need of theorizing and comparison as the literature on SFP is still in its infancy.

Technology cooperation, including technology transfer, development of projects, and establishment of international networks, is an important instrument for attaining greenhouse gas mitigation and the sustainable development of a global society. In this context, carbon mineralization technology has received attention because of its high potential for carbon sequestration, environmental conservation, and economic market value. This project report introduces a national top-down approach for developing and implementing international technology cooperation in the Republic of Korea, focusing on carbon mineralization. The Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology (MSIT) leads international technology cooperation, identifies prominent climate technologies, and addresses scientific agendas to presidential meetings. The inter-ministerial bodies established the climate technology roadmap and masterplan for a climate change response. With the support of these inter-ministerial efforts, a National Strategic Project on carbon mineralization was developed by a presidential-level decision as a top-down approach. Furthermore, the demonstration of this technology was emphasized to enhance the possibility of success in commercialization. This project also includes demonstration of a pilot, sequestering 6000 tons of CO2 and manufacturing 30,000 tons of carbonate. This successive and holistic approach, comprising of a range of hierarchical levels of government, is recommended for deriving a high impact on global society of prominent climate technology.

From the early 1980s, the U.S. environmental breast cancer movement has championed the goal of eradicating the disease by emphasizing the importance of reducing-even eliminating exposure to chemicals and toxins.From Pink to Greenchronicles the movement's disease prevention philosophy from the beginning.Challenging the broader cultural milieu of pink ribbon symbolism and breast cancer \"awareness\" campaigns, this movement has grown from a handful of community-based organizations into a national entity, shaping the cultural, political, and public health landscape. Much of the activists' everyday work revolves around describing how the so called \"cancer industry\" downplays possible environmental links to protect their political and economic interests and they demand that the public play a role in scientific, policy, and public health decision-making to build a new framework of breast cancer prevention. From Pink to Greensuccessfully explores the intersection between breast cancer activism and the environmental health sciences, incorporating public and scientific debates as well as policy implications to public health and environmental agendas.

Eesti Pagar constitutes a milestone in State aid law. This article provides an overview of the judgment and discusses, in chronological order, the topics of the five questions dealt with by the Court. First, we review the importance of the criterium incentive effect and more specifically the timing of the aid application in relation to the start of the project. Second, we analyse the obligation of a national authority to recover unlawful aid, also in the absence of a Commission decision. Third, we investigate whether actions by national authorities (in breach of EU law) can cause legitimate expectations for an aid beneficiary. Fourth, regarding recovery procedures without a Commission decision, we reflect on the pertinent limitation period. Finally, we examine the applicable recovery interest rate.

This article focuses on how sub-national entities’ gradual participation in Brazilian foreign policy has come about, with reference to a decentralised scenario of the decision-making process in Itamaraty, where the ministries and presidential organs have a voice on many strategic themes, mainly concerning development. The article examines the insertion of sub-national entities into the decision-making process in the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), and concludes that in spite of the incipient participation, relevant contributions to the process of regional integration have arisen. Regarding the hypothesis that the participation of the federative entities in the decision-making process generates local and regional development, we argue that this is an alternative to increasing state efficiency. In conclusion, and despite the incipient institutionalisation that does not guarantee their vote in the decision-making process, at least their voice is heard.

Thank you, Janne. Thank you to our hosts, the American Society for International Law, the City of The Hague, yourself, and the Asser Institute for making this possible.

Ladies and Gentlemen, a warm welcome to the Closing Plenary of the 2020 Virtual Annual Meeting of the ASIL. A warm welcome also on behalf of the City of The Hague. We just listened to the deputy mayor, who kindly supports this Plenary. My name is Janne Nijman, I am the academic director of the Asser Institute in The Hague, and professor in Amsterdam and Geneva.

Ladies and Gentlemen, as Deputy Mayor of The Hague, I am glad that this esteemed panel will discuss the promise of cities in relation to international law. As a representative of the international city of peace and justice, this subject is of course close to my heart.

Thank you all for your explorations of the relationship between the city and international law and governance. Of course as we take from all your comments “the city” does not exist, nor does “the relation” between the local and the global. We explored the landscape of this intensifying dynamic—the promises and the complications. Thank you very much for your rich contributions to this Closing Plenary.