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Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases : second WHO report on neglected tropical diseases
The second WHO report on neglected tropical diseases builds on the growing sense of optimism_x000D__x000D_ generated by the 2012 publication of the WHO Roadmap. Commitments on the_x000D__x000D_ part of ministries of health in endemic countries global health initiatives funding_x000D__x000D_ agencies and philanthropists have escalated since 2010 as have donations of_x000D__x000D_ medicines from pharmaceutical companies and the engagement of the scientific_x000D__x000D_ community. _x000D__x000D_ This report marks a new phase and assesses opportunities and obstacles in the_x000D__x000D_ control elimination and eradication of several of these diseases. Unprecedented_x000D__x000D_ progress over the past two years has revealed unprecedented needs for_x000D__x000D_ refinements in control strategies and new technical tools and protocols. The_x000D__x000D_ substantial increases in donations of medicines made since the previous report_x000D__x000D_ call for innovations that simplify and refine delivery strategies. _x000D__x000D_ However some diseases including especially deadly ones like human African_x000D__x000D_ trypanosomiasis and visceral Leishmaniasis remain extremely difficult and costly_x000D__x000D_ to treat. The control of Buruli ulcer Chagas disease and yaws is hampered by_x000D__x000D_ imperfect technical tools although recent developments for yaws look promising._x000D__x000D_ The report highlights progress against these especially challenging diseases _x000D__x000D_ being made through the development of innovative and intensive management_x000D__x000D_ strategies. _x000D__x000D_ Innovations in vector control deserve more attention as playing a key part in_x000D__x000D_ reducing transmission and disease burden especially for Dengue Chagas disease_x000D__x000D_ and the Leishmaniases. _x000D__x000D_ Achieving universal health coverage with
essential health interventions for_x000D__x000D_ neglected tropical diseases will be a powerful equalizer that abolishes distinctions_x000D__x000D_ between the rich and the poor the young and the old ethnic groups and women_x000D__x000D_ and men.
eBook
Systems thinking for health systems strengthening
Many developing countries are looking to scale-up what works through major systems strengthening investments. With leadership, conviction and commitment, systems thinking can facilitate and accelerate the strengthening of systems to more effectively deliver interventions to those in need and be better able to improve health in an equitable way. Systems thinking is not a panacea. Its application does not mean that resolving problems and weaknesses will come easily or naturally or without overcoming the inertia of the established way of doing things. But it will identify, with more precision, where some of the true blockages and challenges lie. It will help to: 1) explore these problems from a systems perspective; 2) show potentials of solutions that work across sub-systems; 3) promote dynamic networks of diverse stakeholders; 4) inspire learning; and 5) foster more system-wide planning, evaluation and research. And it will increase the likelihood that health system strengthening investments and interventions will be effective. The more often and more comprehensively the actors and components of the system can talk to each other from within a common framework --communicating, sharing, problem-solving - the better chance any initiative to strengthen health systems has. Real progress will undoubtedly require time, significant change, and momentum to build capacity across the system. However, the change is necessary - and needed now. This report therefore speaks to health system stewards, researchers and funders and maps out a set of strategies and activities to harness these approaches, to link them to these emerging opportunities and to assist systems thinking to become the norm in design and evaluation of interventions in health systems. But, the final message is to the funders of health system strengthening and health systems research who will
need to recognize the potential in these opportunities, be prepared to take risks in investing in such innovations, and play an active role in both driving and following this agenda towards more systemic and evidence-informed health development.
eBook
collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the struggle to slow global warming
Even as the evidence of global warming mounts, the international response to this serious threat is coming unraveled. The United States has formally withdrawn from the 1997 Kyoto Protocol; other key nations are facing difficulty in meeting their Kyoto commitments; and developing countries face no limit on their emissions of the gases that cause global warming. In this clear and cogent book-reissued in paperback with an afterword that comments on recent events--David Victor explains why the Kyoto Protocol was never likely to become an effective legal instrument. He explores how its collapse offers opportunities to establish a more realistic alternative.
Global warming continues to dominate environmental news as legislatures worldwide grapple with the process of ratification of the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The collapse of the November 2000 conference at the Hague showed clearly how difficult it will be to bring the Kyoto treaty into force. Yet most politicians, policymakers, and analysts hailed it as a vital first step in slowing greenhouse warming. David Victor was not among them.
Kyoto's fatal flaw, Victor argues, is that it can work only if emissions trading works. The Protocol requires industrialized nations to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases to specific targets. Crucially, the Protocol also provides for so-called \"emissions trading,\" whereby nations could offset the need for rapid cuts in their own emissions by buying emissions credits from other countries. But starting this trading system would require creating emission permits worth two trillion dollars--the largest single invention of assets by voluntary international treaty in world history. Even if it were politically possible to distribute such astronomical sums, the Protocol does not provide for adequate monitoring and enforcement of these new property rights. Nor does it offer an achievable plan for allocating new permits, which would be essential if the system were expanded to include developing countries.
The collapse of the Kyoto Protocol--which Victor views as inevitable--will provide the political space to rethink strategy. Better alternatives would focus on policies that control emissions, such as emission taxes. Though economically sensible, however, a pure tax approach is impossible to monitor in practice. Thus, the author proposes a hybrid in which governments set targets for both emission quantities and tax levels. This offers the important advantages of both emission trading and taxes without the debilitating drawbacks of each.
Individuals at all levels of environmental science, economics, public policy, and politics-from students to professionals--and anyone else hoping to participate in the debate over how to slow global warming will want to read this book.
eBook
The UN Secretary-General and the Security Council : a dynamic relationship
This volume fills an important lacuna in the scholarship on the UN system. Although there exists today an impressive body of literature on the development and significance of the Secretariat and the Security Council as separate organs, an important gap remains in our understanding of the interactions between them. Bringing together some of the most prominent authorities on the subject, this volume is the first book-length treatment of this topic. It studies the UN from an innovative angle, creating new insights on the (autonomous) policy-making of international organizations, and adds to our understanding of the dynamics of intra-organizational relationships.-- Publisher's website.
Book
Handbook on health inequality monitoring : with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries
Monitoring health inequality is a practice that fosters accountability and continuous improvement within health systems. The cycle of health inequality monitoring helps to identify and track health differences between subgroups providing evidence and feedback to strengthen equity-oriented policies programmes and practices. Through inequality monitoring and the use of disaggregated data countries gain insight into how health is distributed in the population looking beyond what is indicated by national averages. Data about health inequalities underlie health interventions that aim to reach vulnerable populations. Furthermore they constitute an evidence base to inform and promote equity-oriented health initiatives including the movement towards equitable universal health coverage. _x000D__x000D_ _x000D__x000D_ This Handbook is a user-friendly resource developed to help countries establish and strengthen health inequality monitoring practices. The handbook elaborates on the steps of health inequality monitoring including selecting relevant health indicators and equity stratifiers obtaining data analysing data reporting results and implementing changes. Throughout the handbook examples from low- and middle-income countries are presented to illustrate how concepts are relevant and applied in real-world situations; informative text boxes provide the context to better understand the complexities of the subject. The final section of the handbook presents an expanded example of national-level health inequality monitoring of reproductive maternal and child health. _x000D__x000D_.
eBook
The British people and the League of Nations
In the decades following Europe’s first total war, millions of British men and women looked to the League of Nations as the symbol and guardian of a new world order based on international co-operation. Founded in 1919 to preserve peace between its member-states, the League inspired a rich, participatory culture of political protest, popular education and civic ritual which found expression through the establishment of voluntary societies in dozens of countries across Europe and beyond. Embodied in the hugely popular League of Nations Union, this pro-League movement touched Britain in profound ways. Foremost amongst the League societies, the Union became one of Britain’s largest voluntary associations and a powerful advocate of democratic accountability and popular engagement in the making of foreign policy. Based on extensive archival research, The British people and the League of Nations offers a vivid account of this popular League consciousness and in so doing reveals the vibrant character of associational life between the wars.
eBook