Explore the vast range of titles available.

The paper is focused on jargon and slang, whose use may affect the way businesspeople think and develop professional relations. To clear up possible misinterpretations, I have analyzed a corpus of slang expressions, colloquialisms, clichéd words and phrases in the business lexicon. My research is a linguistic approach to jargon/slang terms, which takes into account their positive or negative connotations.

In Arabic culture, numbers have meanings based on old traditions and cultural beliefs. Some numbers have deep spiritual and symbolic meanings that may affect a person’s life path. Each group of numbers has a specific meaning attached to verbal number representations. This study pragmalinguistically analyses the use of numbers and their contextual connotations in Arabic. Six numbers are evaluated: two, ten, one hundred, one thousand, seven, and sixty. The study analyses these numbers in different contexts, providing the readers with expressions that portray negative and positive connotations. The study reveals that the number sixty has a negative connotation while ten, one hundred, and one thousand are used to denote exaggeration. The number two is used to express how many times something has been done. Finally, the number seven is a familiar number in different cultures with different connotations. The study also reveals that the connotations of the said numbers are related to social, religious, and cultural values. The study ends with two recommendations for further studies to analyse number connotations in other languages and to conduct comparative studies.

Emotive words are often used to express emotional responses explicitly in situation of conflict. It is important that the speaker should be aware of the meaning and functioning of the emotive vocabulary when applied. The purpose of this study was to examine how emotive vocabulary can affect communicators in expressing conflict. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data collected from conflicting situations in popular social networks of 51 randomly selected users. Each of them showed their emotional reaction to a stated event using emotive words and statements colloquially. The users were divided into two groups having positive and negative value judgments. Since communicants most often expressed negative emotions (e.g., anger, irritation, hatred) in revealing the conflict, they consequently used negatively colored vocabulary. A close observation of their vocabulary revealed a connection between conflict and emotional labor of the user, giving conflict itself a negative connotation. The study also revealed thatthere exists a major relationship between emotive vocabulary and conflicting situation, wherein emotive words helped the user to influence and persuade, argue and, in some cases, manipulate the situation. Emotive words were also found to be a key means of expressing emotions of the interlocutors through verbal components and reactions. These findings would prove useful to researchers and media personnel in the field of media linguistics, psycholinguistics and neurobiology and help understand the behavior of bothsenders and recipients of emotive vocabulary.

The present research has been conducted within the scope of such relevant direction of linguistics as functional lexicology, and is associated with the identification of semantic modifications of the word, which are conditioned by contextual features of its use. The adjectives atomic and nuclear became the object of the analysis: we give their characteristics in the lexical system of the Russian language, present the frequency of their use in different types of discourse, study more than 300 contexts of their use with nouns in the modern political discourse. The adjectives are studied in their direct and figurative meanings in neutral texts, as well as in pejorative (negative) and ameliotory (positive) contexts. It has been established that the Russian political discourse is characterized by prevailing use of adjectives atomic and nuclear in direct meaning. It has been revealed that the basis of metaphorization as the main way of creating figurative meanings of the adjectives in the political discourse is represented with such features as powerful release of energy, concentration, innovativeness, progress. We show the mechanism of leveling the pejorative axiological component of the phrase atomic bomb arising from its use in direct meaning and the appearance of ameliotory connotative meanings in the neutral phrase nuclear reactor. It has been found that the units under study are not recorded by lexicographic sources in figurative meanings, since they express an occasional sense in the political discourse.

The figure of the dog is a paradox. As in so many cultures, past and present, the dog in ancient Greece was seen as the animal closest to humans, even as it elicited from them the most negative representations. Still a loaded term today, the wordbitchnot only signified shamelessness and a lack of self-control but was also exclusively figured as female. Woman and dogs in the Greek imagination were intimately intertwined, and in this careful, engaging analysis, Cristiana Franco explores the ancients' complex relationship with both. By analyzing the relationship between humans and dogs as depicted in a vast array of myths, proverbs, spontaneous metaphors, and comic jokes, Franco in particular shows how the symbolic overlap between dog and woman provided the conceptual tools to maintain feminine subordination.Intended for general readers as well as scholars,Shamelessextends the boundaries of classics and anthropology, forming a model of the sensitive work that can be done to illuminate how deeply animals are imbricated in human history. The English translation has been revised and expanded from the original Italian edition, and it includes a new methodological appendix by the author that points the way toward future work in the emerging field of human-animal studies.

The figure of the dog is a paradox. As in so many cultures, past and present, the dog in ancient Greece was seen as the animal closest to humans, even as it elicited from them the most negative representations. Still a loaded term today, the word bitch not only signified shamelessness and a lack of self-control but was also exclusively figured as female. Woman and dogs in the Greek imagination were intimately intertwined, and in this careful, engaging analysis, Cristiana Franco explores the ancients' complex relationship with both. By analyzing the relationship between humans and dogs as depicted in a vast array of myths, proverbs, spontaneous metaphors, and comic jokes, Franco in particular shows how the symbolic overlap between dog and woman provided the conceptual tools to maintain feminine subordination. Intended for general readers as well as scholars, Shameless extends the boundaries of classics and anthropology, forming a model of the sensitive work that can be done to illuminate how deeply animals are imbricated in human history. The English translation has been revised and expanded from the original Italian edition, and it includes a new methodological appendix by the author that points the way toward future work in the emerging field of human-animal studies.

This article is dedicated to the process of thematic consolidation of legal terms. It is evident that terms are commonly utilized in many realms including technology, science, art, literature and law. They have been studied for many years by plenty of scholars since they own primary and secondary meanings. The advancement of cutting-edge technologies has brought about many changes in terminology as well and various terms have appeared in every field.  Indeed, law is a very broad area with its differently used words, phrases and word combinations. Nowadays, new terms have also been created in this sphere and they have to be learnt very thoroughly. Presently, lots of presidential decrees and rules have been enacted in a bid to develop law system; therefore, studying legal terms is a must for every linguist working in this field. As W.Shuy stated the main duty of linguists is to help untangle the language confusion (p. 12). Hence, we attempted to present some peculiarities of legal words and differences in their usage.

This paper explores similarities and differences between two cultures, English and Serbian, in terms of connotative equivalence of some gender-related words. In both languages there exist myriad pairs of words that historically differentiated male and female gender only, but which, over time, have unexplainably gained different connotations. Usually the semantic change can be seen in words describing women; words which once used to be neutral or positive have acquired negative and/or sexual connotations. The well-known example of bachelor and spinster (neženja and usedelica in Serbian) is just one among many. Based on the male/female pairs of words analysed in these two languages, the paper examines the following: (1) whether it is possible that in both cultures such words (un)intentionally carry the same derogatory and pejorative meanings, (2) whether semantic derogation equally applies to male and female words, and (3) whether and how often the connotation changes to negative when words refer to women. Finally, it addresses the issue of potential semantic derogation when using different job titles for men and women in both languages.

This chapter contains sections titled: What is SoTL? A Brief History of a Movement Champions of PR‐Working Across Disciplines Champions of PR‐Discipline‐Specific Activity Current Controversies in doing PR and SoTL The State of SoTL: A Disciplinary Example Sub‐Disciplinary Contributions to PR: Cognitive Psychology What is Social Psychology? Methods of Social Psychology The Social Psychology of Teaching and Learning Agenda Setting In Conclusion References

This chapter attempts to demonstrate how complex the concept of oldness is, exploring not only changing conceptions of old age but also whether conceptions of old age should change. It is arguable that the concept of ‘old’ needs revision, both because of recent empirical advances in human longevity and for normative reasons, having to do with justice and well-being. Although to be old is not necessarily to be feeble and debilitated, many of the social and medical problems associated with oldness are affected by social perspectives on aging and the socio-economic deprivation and oppression they produce. Thus, oldness is not merely a function of subjective perception, nor is it unanchored in material realities. One strong motivation for the question, ‘How old is old?’, is a concern about the onset of age-related infirmities, the shrinking of one’s future, and the closeness of death. However, oldness can also be defined in terms of a life stage, for example, as the stage at which an individual has lived long enough to have had a complete and full life. The normative question concerns when it is appropriate or justified to regard someone as old. Given the current stigma attached to oldness in Western culture, it might seem that we ought not to call people ‘old’. However, liberation from stigma is not won by denying or obscuring the reality of aging, and refusing to call anyone ‘old’ may itself be a concession to ageist stereotypes. Instead of distancing themselves from old age, people may do better to welcome it.