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The species of Lamiaceae described in 1753 by Linnaeus as Phlomis zeylanica L. (= Leucas zeylanica (L.) R.Br.) and Phlomis indica L. (= Leucas indica (L.) R.Br.) are distinct. The neotype designated for Phlomis indica L. belongs to a different taxon, hence a specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) is redesignated as neotype. Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. is the legitimate name for the Linnaean species Leonurus indicus L. The south Indian endemic variety Leucas lavandulifolia var. decipiens (Hook.f.) Chandrab. & S.R. Sriniv. is neotypified. A key to the four taxa is provided.

Based on traditional morphology, sequence data, and phylogenetic analyses, 18 new species are here described: Coprinellus christianopolitanus , Coprinopsis musae , C. udicola , Psathyrella arenosa , P. carminei , P. fennoscandica , P. ichnusae , P. lilliputana , P. lyckebodensis , P. madida , P. rybergii , P. sabuletorum , P. scanica , P. siccophila , P. stridvallii , P. sublatispora , P. vesterholtii , and Typhrasa nanispora. Psathyrella hololanigera and P. tenera are reported as new to Europe and P. parva as new to the Nordic countries. A four-gene dataset on Psathyrellaceae were analyzed by Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Constraint analyses were performed to determine limits of /Psathyrella, and to evaluate whether the /Coprinellus, /cordisporus, and /gossypina clades could be regarded with confidence as monophyletic clades outside of the clade /Psathyrella. This was not unambiguously supported. Based on the phylogenetic results, Kauffmania is proposed as a monotypic genus for the species P. larga and Typhrasa for P. gossypina and the new described species T. nanispora . The genus Homophron is formally validated and three combinations are proposed: H. spadiceum , H. cernuum , and H. camptopodum . The genus Cystoagaricus Singer is emended and the following new combinations are proposed: C. hirtosquamulosus, C. squarrosiceps, C. olivaceogriseus , and C. silvestris. Neotypes have been selected for seven species described by Fries, and ITS sequence data for these were generated. The following new combinations are proposed: Coprinopsis canoceps , C. cineraria , C. melanthina , C. submicrospora , C. uliginicola, and Typhrasa gossypina . Brief comments are given to other species of interest. Psathyrella ornatispora were found not to belong in Psathyrellaceae . A key to 106 psathyrelloid species in Northern Europe is provided.

The typification of fourteen Linnaean names in Hieracium, viz. H. aurantiacum, H. auricula, H. chondrilloides, H. cymosum, H. dubium, H. glutinosum, H. hedypnoides, H. incanum, H. murorum var. pilosissimum, H. murorum var. sylvaticum, H. porrifolium, H. pumilum, H. sabaudum and H. tomentosum, is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of Linnaeus’s original material and the literature cited in the respective protologue. The names are lectotypified using specimens preserved at UPS-BURSER and LINN, and two illustrations of Boccone and Dillenius. Linnaeus’s original material of H. pumilum and H. pyrenaicum var. helveticum could not be found. A specimen in S-LINN that best conforms with the diagnosis for H. pumilum is selected as the neotype for that name. The application of the name H. pyrenaicum var. helveticum appears uncertain, and therefore it is treated as nomen ambiguum. Finally, epitypes are designated for H. porrifolium and H. tomentosum due to ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotypes.

The name Cleome heptaphylla was published by Linnaeus in the second edition of Species plantarum and is still untypified. Analysis of the protologue and the associated pre-Linnaean names indicated the absence of original material that could serve for lectotypification. A specimen from Miller’s herbarium at BM is designated as its neotype. The neotype of C. heptaphylla is also original material of C. erucago, another untypified name in this group, published a few years later by Miller. Cleome erucago is lectotypified using the same specimen and, as such, it is a homotypic synonym of C. heptaphylla.

Brady, 1880 is considered to be distributed worldwide and is the type species of Brady, 1880 that, in turn, is the type genus of the family Nannopodidae Brady, 1880. However, its original description and subsequent amendments are discrepant and is insufficiently detailed, giving rise to considerable taxonomic confusion thus hampering species delimitation, further revisions, and other taxonomical acts. This paper presents a detailed morphological redescription of both sexes of with the designation of a neotype from material recently collected from the type locality. We compared key characteristics of the newly collected specimens of with those of other species of . Morphological and molecular analyses, including 18S rDNA, support the subdivision of the genus into two species groups as proposed by Sciberras et al. (2021). Specimens from several distant populations, previously identified as were reexamined. Specimens from the Westerschelde estuary (SW Netherlands) and Small Adzhalyk Estuary (NW Black Sea) were found to be identical to those from the type locality and were attributed to . Specimens from the White Sea, however, turned out to be conspecific with Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013. Specimens from the Vellar estuary (Bay of Bengal) and Lake Hinuma (Japan) likely represent distinct, yet undescribed species of . An updated generic diagnosis is provided, offering a clearer framework for future taxonomic studies.

An update of the nomenclature of 49 Caribbean Island-occurring taxa of Plumeria (Apocynaceae: Plumerieae) is presented. We designate lectotypes for the following 29 names: Plumeria alba var. jacquiniana, P. apiculata, P. barahonensis, P. beatensis, P. berteroi, P. biglandulosa, P. confusa, P. cuneifolia, P. dictyophylla, P. discolor, P. domingensis, P. gibbosa, P. inaguensis, P. jaegeri, P. jamaicensis, P. krugii, P. leuconeura, P. longiflora, P. marchii, P. obtusa var. laevis, P. obtusa var. parviflora, P. ostenfeldii, P. paulinae, P. pilosula, P. revolutifolia, P. stenopetala, P. stenopetala var. angustissima, P. subsessilis, and P. trouinensis. A neotype is assigned to P. bahamensis, and epitypes are presented for P. alba var. jacquiniana, P. gibbosa and P. stenopetala. Plumeria portoricensis is regarded as an uncertain name. Fifteen of the Cuban endemics were inadvertently lectotypified; three of them (P. cayensis, P. cubensis, P. stenophylla) require a two-step lectotypification, which is presented here. Two of the names (P. filifolia, P. tuberculata) were lectotypified in previous works and we concord with these typifications. The protologue of P. magna includes the holotype for this name.

Permo-Triassic dicynodont (Therapsid) fossils attributed to the genus Lystrosaurus1 are known from the South African Karoo Basin, including two Triassic taxa referred to as L. (Dicynodon) murrayi2 and L. (Ptychognathus) declivis3. Distinction of the two taxa has been recognised inter alia by Brink4, Cluver and King5, Botha and Smith6, Grine et al.7 and Botha-Brink et al.8 However, in this instance, the appropriateness of alpha taxonomy may be questioned, recognising that boundaries between these species of Lystrosaurus are not necessarily clear, especially for specimens close to the time of divergence postdating the Permo-Triassic boundary, 252 million years ago. The question has arisen as to whether only one species occurred.9 Thackeray10 proposed the following hypotheses: • HT – that one species existed and • HBB – that there were two taxa, clearly distinct at the species level.

The systematics of the Barbacenia Vand. Atlantic Forest Inselberg group (Barbacenia AFI), and the description of two new AFI species, B. amphirupia Mello-Silva & Andr. Cabral and B. maritima Mello-Silva & Andr. Cabral, are here presented. Lectotypes are designated for B. fannieae (N. L. Menezes) Mello-Silva, B. mantiqueirae Goethart & Henrard, B. purpurea Hook. var. minor Seub., B. squamata Herb., and Vellozia coerulescens Hort. Belg. ex Gumbl., and a neotype is designated for B. foliosa Goethart & Henrard. Barbacenia burlemarxii L. B. Sm. & Ayensu was placed into synonymy of B. pabstiana L. B. Sm. & Ayensu, B. caricina Goethart & Henrard of B. brevifolia Taub., B. gaveensis Goethart & Henrard, B. foliosa, B. purpurea var. minor, and B. seubertiana Goethart & Henrard under B. squamata, B. ionantha L. B. Sm. and B. monticola L. B. Sm. & Ayensu under B. irwiniana L. B. Sm., and V. coerulescens under B. purpurea. An identification key and morphological and anatomical descriptions for the species are presented, as well as comments on the affinities among the species, geographical distribution, and conservation status.

Leea trifoliata M.A.Lawson has long been considered conspecific with L. compactiflora Kurz. Detailed examination of live materials and herbarium specimens suggests that both species are distinct, differing in habit, leaf architecture, and inflorescence and bract morphology. This contribution presents morphological evidence for the reinstatement of L. trifoliata , including its taxonomic description, illustration, distribution maps, notes on habitat, and conservation status assessment using the IUCN criteria. In addition, A neotype was selected for L. compactiflora .