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It had to be you
Years after their parents' murder, identical twin brothers, determined to clear one name at the expense of the other, ask Laura Moran and her Under Suspicion crew to solve this brutal crime and as they get close to the truth, they find the danger from the past finding its way into the present.
Book
How We Talk to Kids: Adults Prefer Different Forms of Language for Children Based on Gender Expression
Previous research has demonstrated that parents use language differently toward children based on a child’s gender. The current research examines whether adults’ preferences for using two important language forms – mental state language and elaborated language – varies as a function of a child’s gender expression. In two studies, non-parent adults (n = 238) and parents of 3- to 6-year-old children (n = 217) completed the Mental State Input Inventory (MSII). The MSII describes twelve everyday scenarios involving an adult and a child protagonist. The adult participant is asked to nominate their preferred language for interacting with the child in each scenario. In a novel manipulation, the child protagonist’s gender expression was depicted as masculine, feminine, or gender-neutral. Results indicated that both non-parents and parents preferred mental state language significantly more for feminine and gender-neutral children, compared to masculine children. Adult participants also preferred significantly less elaborated language for gender-neutral children compared to masculine and feminine children. These findings suggest that children's gender expression influences how adults prefer to communicate with them. Further, these findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the preferences or potential biases in adults’ language use as a function of a child’s gender expression. Understanding these preferences or biases may aid in promoting inclusive and linguistically rich developmental environments for all children, irrespective of their gender expression.
Journal Article
Childfree across the Disciplines
Recently, childfree people have been foregrounded in mainstream media. More than seven percent of Western women choose to remain childfree and this figure is increasing. Being childfree challenges the ‘procreation imperative’ residing at the center of our hetero-normative understandings, occupying an uneasy position in relation to—simultaneously—traditional academic ideologies and prevalent social norms. After all, as Adi Avivi recognizes, if a woman is not a mother, the patriarchal social order is in danger. This collection engages with these (mis)perceptions about childfree people: in media representations, demographics, historical documents, and both psychological and philosophical models. Foundational pieces from established experts on the childfree choice--Rhonny Dam, Laurie Lisle, Christopher Clausen, and Berenice Fisher--appear alongside both activist manifestos and original scholarly work, comprehensively brought together. Academics and activists in various disciplines and movements also riff on the childfree life: its implications, its challenges, its conversations, and its agency—all in relation to its inevitability in the 21st century. Childfree across the Disciplines unequivocally takes a stance supporting the subversive potential of the childfree choice, allowing readers to understand childfreedom as a sense of continuing potential in who—or what—a person can become.
eBook
The Infant Simulator Paradigm with Non-Parents: Attitudes, Physiology, and Observed Caregiving
ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors, namely adult attachment and childhood parenting experiences, to investigate individual differences in parenting behavior using an infant simulator paradigm.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen college-aged females completed questionnaires about adult attachment, how their parents responded to negative emotions, and attitudes about infant crying. Participants then interacted with a distressed infant simulator, while their behavior with the simulator and physiology were recorded.ResultsAttachment avoidance was associated with less infant-oriented beliefs and more parent-oriented beliefs about infant crying. Adult attachment avoidance was also associated with greater physiological reactivity during the task, more physiological regulation, and increased caregiving behaviors. Attachment anxiety was related to a decrease in heart rate during the task. Remembered nonsupportive parental reactions were associated with more parent-oriented beliefs about infant crying as well as more caregiving during the task. However, caregiving quality was not related to any variables of interest in the study.ConclusionsImplications addressing potential intervention programs using the infant simulator and targeting at-risk populations to understand individual differences in parenting are discussed.
Journal Article
Legalizing LGBT Families
The decision to have a child is seldom a simple one, often fraught with complexities regarding emotional readiness, finances, marital status, and compatibility with life and career goals. Rarely, though, do individuals consider the role of the law in facilitating or inhibiting their ability to have a child or to parent. For LGBT individuals, however, parenting is saturated with legality - including the initial decision of whether to have a child, how to have a child, whether one's relationship with their child will be recognized, and everyday acts of parenting like completing forms or picking up children from school.
Through in-depth interviews with 137 LGBT parents, Amanda K. Baumle and D'Lane R. Compton examine the role of the law in the lives of LGBT parents and how individuals use the law when making decisions about family formation or parenting. Baumle and Compton explore the ways in which LGBT parents participate in the process of constructing legality through accepting, modifying, or rejecting legal meanings about their families. Few groups encounter as much variation in access to everyday legal rights pertaining to the family as do LGBT parents. This complexity and variation in legal environments provides a rather unique opportunity to examine the manner in which legal context affects the ways in which individuals come to understand the meaning and utility of the law for their lives. The authors conclude that legality is constructed through a complex interplay of legal context, social networks, individual characteristics, and familial desires. Ultimately, the stories of LGBT parents in this book reflect a rich and varied relationship between the law, the state, and the private family goals of individuals.
eBook
Bullying Victimization, Socioeconomic Status and Behavioral Characteristics of 12th Graders in the United States, 1989 to 2009: Repetitive Trends and Persistent Risk Differentials
Using a nationally representative dataset, this study analyzes: 1) 12th grade trends, patterns, and changes in bullying victimization in the United States from the 1989 to the 2009 school years, and 2) the differential impacts of demographic, social, and economic characteristics on bullying victimization. Four self-reported experiences of bullying behavior that occurred at school or in transit to and from school are studied: threatened without a weapon, threatened with a weapon, injured without a weapon, and injured with a weapon. Zero-inflated Poisson models are used to estimate intensity (or rate) and likelihood of exposure (or probability) parameters of the annual frequency distributions of the four bullying behaviors. For the
intensity
of bullying victimization, as measured by the average number of times 12th graders were bullied annually, it is found, first, that there indeed was a wave of increased bullying behaviors in the 2002–2009 years that coincides with increased media attention and reporting during these years. Second, it is shown that this recent upsurge is similar to what happened in the early 1990s—but the most recent wave reached higher levels of intensity. Third, the analyses reveal that the intensity and/or exposure parameters covary with several demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors and these differentials persist over time. While 12th graders who were male or African American, city dwellers, and from single-parent or no-parent families show persistently higher intensities of bullying victimization over time, greater probabilities of exposure are found for 12th graders who were male, were from single-parent or no- parent families, did not regularly attend religious services, regarded religion as less important, and showed worse school performance.
Journal Article
Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and the influencing factors among non-parent caregivers of rural left-behind children under 7 years old in China
To explore and compare nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) between non-parent and parent caregivers of children under 7 years old in Chinese rural areas, and to identify the factors influencing their nutrition KAB.
Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 1691 non-parent caregivers and 1670 parent caregivers in the selected study areas; multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors influencing nutrition KAB in caregivers.
The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge, the rate of positive attitudes and the rate of optimal behaviours in non-parent caregivers (52.2 %, 56.9 % and 37.7 %, respectively) were significantly lower than in the parent group (63.8 %, 62.1 % and 42.8 %, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression modelling showed that caregivers' family income and care will, and children's age and gender, were associated with caregivers' nutrition KAB after controlling the possible confounding variables (caregivers' age, gender, education and occupation).
Non-parent caregivers had relatively poor nutrition KAB. Extra efforts and targeted education programmes aimed to improve rural non-parent caregivers' nutrition KAB are wanted and need to be emphasized.
Journal Article
Les « non-parents ». Ou comment on devient parent d’un enfant absent
L’enfant occupe une place centrale dans la société française d’aujourd’hui. Être parent est un statut recherché, qui amène de la reconnaissance, particulièrement lorsqu’il est, pour l’individu en question, le seul statut socialement valorisant. Qu’advient-il alors des parents dont l’enfant est placé très tôt après la naissance ? À partir d’une recherche ethnographique, cet article vise à montrer comment la mise en place des normes de la parentalité peut produire des « non-parents » et comment ces « non-parents » essayent de déjouer leur sort afin de devenir parents. Children have a central place in contemporary French society. Becoming a parent is a desired status, especially for those who do not benefit from other sources of recognition. What happens to parents whose child is placed rapidly after birth? Based on ethnographic research, this article aims to describe how state-implementation of parenthood norms can produce “non-parents” and the way they try to thwart their fate in order to become parents.
Journal Article