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Building structures are subjected to strong earthquakes, which result in lateral collisions between them. Such collisions often cause severe structural damage and exacerbate the seismic hazard risk of building structures during earthquake events. This paper discusses the application of vibration control devices based on negative stiffness inerter damper in single-story adjacent building structures. The dynamic equations of the vibration control system containing different types of negative stiffness inerter damper under seismic excitation are established as a unified model. The H2 norm theory and Monte Carlo pattern search method are used to optimize the design parameters to improve the vibration control performance of the system, and the dynamic characteristics of the system are investigated. The results demonstrate that attaching negative stiffness inerter damper to adjacent building structures can effectively improve the overall seismic capacity reserve of the building and reduce the risk of collision of adjacent building structures; improve the robustness and stability of the system, and better reduce the displacement response of the building structure under seismic excitation. In addition, the potential of NSID-based vibration control devices to convert seismic energy into usable electricity has been investigated.

Under the effect of strong earthquakes, collisions or excessive inter-story displacements may occur between adjacent building structures to the extent that the building structure is damaged. The traditional seismic measures for these structures can no longer meet the needs in practical engineering. In this paper, we propose the application of parallel and serial TID-based control systems in adjacent buildings as an example of a single-story adjacent building, and use it to form a new adjacent building seismic reduction structure. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and design parameter optimization of the vibration control system are investigated by means of the Monte Carlo pattern search method and H2 norm theory. The results show that the introduction of serial and parallel TID in adjacent building structures can effectively improve the seismic resistance of adjacent buildings. The problem of vibration amplification caused by resonance is obviously improved, which is especially evident in the adjacent building structure vibration control system based on parallel TID. The vibration control system of adjacent building structures based on parallel TID is more robust. When optimizing the right building, the damping requirement of the TID decreases for the vibration control system based on parallel TID as the adjacent building mass ratio increases, while the damping requirement of the TID increases for the vibration control system based on serial TID. In both vibration control systems, the difference in the optimal inertial mass ratio is small. In practice, a moderate increase in the difference between adjacent building masses can have a positive effect on the vibration control performance of the systems. The main contribution of this paper is to fill the research gap in parallel and serial TID applications for adjacent building vibration reduction.

Over the last two decades, ecological and conservation studies on pollinator insects have increased significantly. However, scientific evidence alone is not enough to translate knowledge into policy and into changes in behaviour. To reduce the gap between scientific knowledge on conservation actions and their actual uptake, one should understand the socio‐psychological drivers of people's willingness to undertake these actions. Here, we investigated the socio‐psychological factors influencing individual behaviour in favour of conservation interventions for pollinators in rural versus urban environments across three European countries: Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. We administered an online questionnaire to 4541 respondents stratified by nationality, environment, age and gender. Despite regional differences in socio‐cultural and economic conditions, individuals from Germany, Italy and the Netherlands living in both rural or urban environments shared similar socio‐psychological drivers to protect pollinators. People intended to take action to protect pollinators when they felt morally obliged to, when their social environment supported pollinator protection, when they believed their individual behaviour had an impact, and when they engaged frequently in outdoor activities. Interestingly, specific values held towards pollinators, such as their right to exist, seemed much more important predictors of activating norms that promote conservation actions compared to increasing general environmental concern. In all countries, among the conservation actions, the most likely to be implemented was planting flowers, while one of the most unlikely was participating in monitoring activities. Synthesis and applications. People from three contrasting European countries living in both rural and urban landscapes were mostly driven by the same socio‐psychological factors to help pollinator insects. Therefore, our results offer several practical recommendations to promote pollinator conservation across Europe. First, conservation practitioners interested in pollinator conservation should pay greater attention to values specific to pollinators, as they seemed more important behaviour predictors than general care for the environment. Second, engaging people in conservation efforts can be accomplished by increasing awareness about the vital roles that pollinators play within ecosystems. Lastly, promoting simple nature‐based activities such as wildlife observation, and gardening can help foster a sense of connection to and appreciation for pollinators and pollination. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

In response to recent calls to extend the underlying theories used in the literature (O'Fallon and Butterfield in J Bus Ethics 59(4):375-413, 2005; Craft in J Bus Ethics 117(2):221-259, 2013), we review the usefulness of social norm theory in empirical business ethics research. We begin by identifying the seeds of social norm theory in Adam Smith's (in: Raphael and Macfie (eds) The Theory of Moral Sentiments, the Glasgow Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1759/1790) seminal work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Next, we introduce recent theory in social norm activation by Bicchieri (The grammar of society: The nature and dynamics of social norms, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2006) and compare the new theory to two theoretical frameworks found in the literature: Kohlberg's (in: Goslin (ed) Handbook of socialization theory and research, Rand McNally, Chicago, IL, 1969; in: Lickona (ed) Moral development and behavior, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York, 1976) theory of moral development and Cialdini and Trost's (in: Gilbert et al. (eds) The handbook of social psychology, Oxford University Press, Boston, 1998) taxonomy of social norms. We argue that the new theory provides useful insights by emphasizing the ability of situational cues and information to generate common expectations for social/moral norms. The theory is particularly useful for empirical research in business ethics because it gives both organizational and individual factors a role in motivating normbased behavior. To demonstrate this usefulness, we present examples where the theory has been effectively applied in experimental accounting research to generate new insights. We conclude by citing specific examples where the theory may prove useful in empirical business ethics research.

PurposeThis study integrates the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and value-belief-norm (VBN) theory to investigate tourists' intention and behaviour to visit green hotels in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA total of 160 valid questionnaire responses were collected via an online survey. The partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was utilised to assess the study framework and the hypothesised relationship.FindingsThe study's results confirmed that tourists' intention to stay at a green hotel is directly influenced by their subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Besides, the study confirms the insignificant relationship between green trust, personal norms and tourists' stay intention. On the other hand, perceived morals, responsibility, willingness to pay more and perceived consumer effectiveness were significant in explaining the customer's subjective norms, personal norms and perceived behaviour control.Research limitations/implicationsThe hotel industry may benefit from this empirical outcome to devise effective marketing strategies for retaining their customers, particularly in rejuvenating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry.Practical implicationsThis study provides valuable practical implications for green hotel operators to develop effective strategies to attract tourists to green hotel visits.Originality/valueThis study is the first to integrate the extended TPB and VBN theory to understand tourist intention to visit a green hotel. Notably, the extended TPB and VBN theory was practical and helpful in predicting tourist intention to visit a green hotel.

Purpose This study aims to integrate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory into a meta-analytic framework to synthesize green consumption literature. Design/methodology/approach By integrating the findings from 173 studies, a meta-analysis was performed adopting several analytical methods: bivariate analysis, moderation analysis and path analysis. Findings VBN- and TPB-based psychological factors (adverse consequences, ascribed responsibility, personal norms, subjective norms, attitude and perceived behavioral control) mediate the effects of altruistic, biospheric and egoistic values on green purchase intention. Further, inconsistencies in the proposed relationships are due to cultural factors (i.e. individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity–femininity, short- vs long-term orientation and indulgence-restraint) and countries’ human development status. Research limitations/implications The authors selected papers published in English; hence, other relevant papers in this domain published in other languages might have been missed. Practical implications The findings are useful to marketers of green offerings in designing strategies, i.e. specific messages, targeting different customers based on countries’ cultural score and human development index, to harvest positive customer responses. Originality/value This study is the pioneering attempt to synthesize the TPB- and VBN-based quantitative literature on green consumer behavior to resolve the reported inconsistent findings.

The promotion of pro-environmental behavior is regarded as very important in solving environmental problems. The Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory usually emphasizes internal factors; however, we have transformed this theory by including the environmental knowledge as an external factor. The results showed that action-related environmental knowledge was related to the ecological worldview and directly influenced the private sphere behavior. The ecological worldview, which in this paper was operationalized as environmental concern, had a direct effect on public sphere behavior and an indirect effect on private behavior through awareness of behavioral consequences. Thus, in this paper we revealed how specific environmental knowledge influenced pro-environmental behavior. We also suggest that it is important to educate people about local and global environmental problems, about the impact of behavior on the environment not only in private but also in the public sphere, and to foster the ecocentrism, as well. In addition, we revealed the meaning and necessity of education for environmental citizenship.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of customers’ environmental concerns, customers’ perceptions of a hotel’s environmental practices and of the hotels’ environmentally friendly images, on customers’ willingness to pay a price premium to stay at environmentally friendly hotels. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework comprises both social identity theory and value-belief-norm theory. The data were collected through a survey of 454 customers staying at eco-friendly hotels in Spain. The research model is tested by using a structural equation modelling approach. Findings The findings illustrate that customers’ environmental concerns have a greater explanatory value on their willingness to pay a price premium than do their perceptions of the hotels’ environmental practices. Furthermore, these causal relationships are similar in magnitude when considering the mediating effects of the hotels’ eco-friendly image and the environmental practices. Research limitations/implications The empirical findings provide managers with a better understanding of how customers’ environmental concerns and their own sense of identification with environmentally friendly hotels influence customers’ behavioural intentions towards willingness to pay a premium. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by highlighting those cognitive processes that influence the customers’ willingness to pay a price premium to stay at environmentally friendly hotels. Hence, the study provides valuable information to hotel managers.

Purpose - This paper aims to report on a study promoting energy conservation on Virginia Tech's campus. It explores whether the behavior of students living in university residence halls would change when various electricity conservation strategies are introduced.Design methodology approach - Intervention strategies, including educational media, information, and voluntary resource-conservation activities, were applied at varying levels of intensity across five study groups over two semesters in 2009. Additional questions explore whether one particular strategy would produce higher consumption reductions, and whether combining strategies would produce more consumption reductions than individual techniques.Findings - The findings revealed that on a campus where environmentally sustainability is foremost in the minds of students and administration, asking students to take action to reduce their consumption resulted in positive consumption reductions, even in the control group. Additive strategies did not produce higher reductions.Social implications - Reducing natural resource consumption in the USA is essential to promote worldwide sustainability. This study shows that, even when people see no financial incentive to reduce consumption, consumption reductions can be achieved.Originality value - Numerous studies have been completed since the 1970s in households across the world to promote environmentally relevant behavior (ERB). Sustainability action plans are being implemented on university campuses, but literature on promoting ERB in students residing on university campuses is sparse. This study provides information and a format for colleges universities worldwide to promote ERB on their campuses.

PurposeThis study aims to apply the value-belief-norm (VBN) model in the context of environmentally friendly drone food delivery services to understand ways to influence consumers’ behavior toward the services. The current study also attempted to deepen the VBN model using the moderating role of product involvement.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 428 respondents through an online survey in South Korea.FindingsThe results of the data analysis indicated that all proposed hypotheses have been statistically supported in the VBN model. Furthermore, product involvement played a moderating role in the relationship between the sense of obligation to take pro-environmental actions and intentions to use and a sense of obligation to take pro-environmental actions and willingness to pay more.Originality/valueAlthough drone food delivery services have not yet been fully commercialized, many foodservice companies have conducted pilot tests and the services are likely to be commonly used in the near future. Thus, the findings of this study are expected to have important implications for companies preparing to roll out drone food delivery services.