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Crossing the red line : the nuclear option
\"This book addresses the incentives for nations to develop nuclear weapons and the technical expertise needed for the purpose. Ballistic missiles are required by any nation wanting to optimize the effectiveness of deterrence and the threat derived from possessing nuclear weapons. The basic science of ballistic missile programs is discussed using the North Korean program as an example, in addition to the nuclear weapons development, although to some extent the programs of other countries are also covered. Unlike most books on these topics, this one includes, besides the technical component, the policy aspects surrounding nuclear weapons. It also shows how nuclear weapons can--and have--stabilized conflicts, discussing why the concept of deterrence may not always be relied upon to prevent war. The origin of terrorism in the Middle East and the possibility of nuclear terrorism originating from that region are other topics of interest\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unraveling the Gray Area Problem
In Unraveling the Gray Area
Problem , Luke Griffith examines the US role
in why the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty took
almost a decade to negotiate and then failed in just thirty
years. The INF Treaty enhanced Western security by
prohibiting US and Russian ground-based missiles with maximum
ranges of 500 to 5,500 kilometers. Significantly, it eliminated
hundreds of Soviet SS-20 missiles, which could annihilate targets
throughout Eurasia in minutes. Through close scrutiny of US theater
nuclear policy from 1977 to 1987, Griffith describes the Carter
administration's masterminding of the dual-track decision of
December 1979, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
initiative that led to the INF Treaty. The Reagan administration,
in turn, overcame bureaucratic infighting, Soviet intransigence,
and political obstacles at home and abroad to achieve a
satisfactory outcome in the INF negotiations.
Disagreements between the US and Russia undermined the INF
Treaty and led to its dissolution in 2019. Meanwhile, the US is
developing a new generation of ground-based, INF-type missiles that
will have an operational value on the battlefield. Griffith urges
policymakers to consider the utility of INF-type missiles in new
arms control negotiations. Understanding the scope and consistency
of US arms control policy across the Carter and Reagan
administrations offers important lessons for policymakers in the
twenty-first century.
eBook
Talk at the brink
In October 1962, the fate of the world hung on the American response to the discovery of Soviet nuclear missile sites in Cuba. That response was informed by hours of discussions between John F. Kennedy and his top advisers. What those advisers did not know was that President Kennedy was secretly taping their talks, providing future scholars with a rare inside look at high-level political deliberation in a moment of crisis.Talk at the Brinkis the first book to examine these historic audio recordings from a sociological perspective. It reveals how conversational practices and dynamics shaped Kennedy's perception of the options available to him, thereby influencing his decisions and ultimately the outcome of the crisis.
David Gibson looks not just at the positions taken by Kennedy and his advisers but how those positions were articulated, challenged, revised, and sometimes ignored. He argues that Kennedy's decisions arose from the intersection of distant events unfolding in Cuba, Moscow, and the high seas with the immediate conversational minutia of turn-taking, storytelling, argument, and justification. In particular, Gibson shows how Kennedy's group told and retold particular stories again and again, sometimes settling upon a course of action only after the most frightening consequences were omitted or actively suppressed.
Talk at the Brinkpresents an image of Kennedy's response to the Cuban missile crisis that is sharply at odds with previous scholarship, and has important implications for our understanding of decision making, deliberation, social interaction, and historical contingency.
eBook
Four factors in the \special relationship\ between China and North Korea: a framework for analyzing the China-North Korea Relationship under Xi Jinping and Kim Jong-un
Analyzing North Korea is essential for examining international relations in East Asia as a whole, but North Korea's tight control over information makes this difficult. Another factor complicating analysis of North Korea is its \"special relationship\" with China.
The aim of this paper is to examine four factors contributing to the \"special relationship\" between China and North Korea, how that relationship came about, and how it functions within the context of international politics today.
This paper is a structural analysis of China-North Korea relations that describes four factors behind their \"special relationship.\" It continues by analyzing China-North Korea relations under Xi Jinping and Kim Jong-un up to the deployment of THAAD in South Korea.
The \"special relationship\" between China and North Korea is based on four factors. What is distinctive about these factors is that they can bring the two sides together but also push them apart. In terms of national security issues, the force bringing them together has ultimately prevailed. Socialist ideology issues have surfaced much less frequently now and have lost their capacity to both bring the two together and push them apart. In the area of traditional ties, the two leaders are attempting to use their personal relationship to have closer relations, but this is not having much lasting effect. Where economic relations are concerned, Beijing and Pyongyang have become even more dependent on each other and this is a strong force pushing them closer together.
Journal Article
American Foreign Policy Strategies Toward the Asia-Pacific: Political Patterns and Future Expectations
American foreign policy has vacillated between Asia and Europe for over a century. During World War I, the involvement was entirely in Europe, and President Wilson’s focus in his Fourteen Points was on incorporation of East and Central Europe into a democratic framework. There was a twin focus on Europe and Asia during World War II, but the event that precipitated American entry into the war was an attack from Japan on Pearl Harbor. During the second half of the 1940s, the focus was entirely European with an eye on helping to rebuild it in light of the emergent Soviet threat in the region. Attention switched back to Asia with involvement in the Korean War of the 1950s and in the Southeast Asian War of the 1960s and 70s. President Nixon entered office in 1969, and he declared that it was time to return to the natural allies in Europe. The Southeast Asian War did continue to preoccupy his administration, but the SALT diplomacy had again an entirely European flavor. When Ronald Reagan took over the reins of leadership in 1981, he decided that it was time to look west again and emphasize the value of the Pacific region and the nations on its shores. Such a spotlight did not continue for long, as the break-up of the communist world riveted the West on Southeast Europe and the Balkan Wars of the 1990s, with the United States leading the way. The 9/11 attacks pulled both Presidents George W. Bush and Obama towards Afghanistan and Iraq, while the Arab Spring called for attention to a wide variety of countries in the Middle East. The Ukrainian crisis that began in 2014 led to a renewed focus on Russia and the nations of East Europe.
Journal Article
China's Diplomatic Leverage on North Korean Provocations: Effect of High-Level Meetings Between China and North Korea on North Korean Missile and Nuclear Tests
Nuclear and missile tests by North Korea, which directly threaten China's national interests, regional stability, and economic development, have consistently irritated China. Since the 1950s, China and North Korea have held high-level meetings aimed at discussing and improving their bilateral relationship. Using empirical analysis, this study attempts to examine the impact of these meetings on North Korea's missile and nuclear tests. The study argues that as the frequency of high-level meetings between China and North Korea increases, North Korea's provocative actions decrease. The high-level meetings serve to address the issue of incomplete information, create avenues for economic aid and cooperation, and reduce the likelihood of future nuclear and missile tests. The empirical findings indicate that while high-level meetings with or without the presence of top leaders can lead to a reduction in missile tests by North Korea, only summits between China and North Korea have a significant impact on the reduction of nuclear tests by North Korea.
Journal Article
North Korea in 2017
Kim Jong Un continued to consolidate his power through personnel changes, and North Korean society saw increasing consumerism, along with signs of growing inequality. The economy did well through early 2017 but the subsequent effects of sanctions remained uncertain. North Korea conducted its first test of an intercontinental ballistic missile and its sixth nuclear test, triggering heated debate in the US and elsewhere about how to respond. Kim clearly is not going to give up working on weapons of mass destruction.
Journal Article
Range Wars
Established in south-central New Mexico at the end of World War II, White Sands Missile Range is the largest overland military reserve in the western hemisphere. It was the site of the first nuclear explosion, the birthplace of the American space program, and the primary site for testing U.S. missile capabilities.
In this environmental history of White Sands Missile Range, Ryan H. Edgington traces the uneasy relationships between the military, the federal government, local ranchers, environmentalists, state game and fish personnel, biologists and ecologists, state and federal political figures, hunters, and tourists after World War II-as they all struggled to define and productively use the militarized western landscape. Environmentalists, ranchers, tourists, and other groups joined together to transform the meaning and uses of this region, challenging the authority of the national security state to dictate the environmental and cultural value of a rural American landscape. As a result, White Sands became a locus of competing geographies informed not only by the far-reaching intellectual, economic, and environmental changes wrought by the cold war but also by regional history, culture, and traditions.
eBook