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Jacques Perrin presents oceans
Offers a comprehensive guide to the world's oceans, focusing on various forms of sea life around the world and the threats they face from pollution and global warming, as well as a behind-the-scenes glimpse of practical film-making under demanding and difficult conditions.
Book
Correction: Lack of genetic differentiation in yellowfin tuna has conservation implications in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272713.].
Journal Article
Estuarine and coastal hydrography and sediment transport
\"A practical guide to the latest remote and in situ techniques used to measure sediments, quantify seabed characteristics, and understand physical properties of water and sediments and transport mechanisms in estuaries and coastal waters. Covering a broad range of topics from global reference frames and bathymetric surveying methods to the use of remote sensing for determining surface-water variables, enough background is included to explain how each technology functions. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are explained, and a review of recent fieldwork experiments demonstrates how modern methods apply in real-life estuarine and coastal campaigns. Clear explanations of physical processes show links between different disciplines, making the book ideal for students and researchers in the environmental sciences, marine biology, chemistry and geology, whose work relies on an understanding of the physical environment and the way it is changing as a result of climate change, engineering and other influences\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Correction: Photosymbiont associations persisted in planktic foraminifera during early Eocene hyperthermals at Shatsky Rise (Pacific Ocean)
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267636.].[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267636.].
Journal Article
Great explorers
\"Discover the stories of explorers -- the most ancient to the modern day -- from the deepest depths of the ocean to the highest mountains in the world. In this book you'll find true stories about Marco Polo's Silk Road, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay's conquest of Everest, and Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong's trip to the moon, and much more. Learn all about the explorers who discovered the unknown and made the world the place we know today\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections
Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all of which are expected to affect marine ecosystems. Here we assess projections of these drivers of environmental change over the twenty-first century from Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that were forced under the CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections are compared to those from the previous generation (CMIP5) forced under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). A total of 10 CMIP5 and 13 CMIP6 models are used in the two multi-model ensembles. Under the high-emission scenario SSP5-8.5, the multi-model global mean change (2080–2099 mean values relative to 1870–1899) ± the inter-model SD in sea surface temperature, surface pH, subsurface (100–600 m) oxygen concentration, euphotic (0–100 m) nitrate concentration, and depth-integrated primary production is +3.47±0.78 ∘C, -0.44±0.005, -13.27±5.28, -1.06±0.45 mmol m−3 and -2.99±9.11 %, respectively. Under the low-emission, high-mitigation scenario SSP1-2.6, the corresponding global changes are +1.42±0.32 ∘C, -0.16±0.002, -6.36±2.92, -0.52±0.23 mmol m−3, and -0.56±4.12 %. Projected exposure of the marine ecosystem to these drivers of ocean change depends largely on the extent of future emissions, consistent with previous studies. The ESMs in CMIP6 generally project greater warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than those from CMIP5 under comparable radiative forcing. The increased projected ocean warming results from a general increase in the climate sensitivity of CMIP6 models relative to those of CMIP5. This enhanced warming increases upper-ocean stratification in CMIP6 projections, which contributes to greater reductions in upper-ocean nitrate and subsurface oxygen ventilation. The greater surface acidification in CMIP6 is primarily a consequence of the SSPs having higher associated atmospheric CO2 concentrations than their RCP analogues for the same radiative forcing. We find no consistent reduction in inter-model uncertainties, and even an increase in net primary production inter-model uncertainties in CMIP6, as compared to CMIP5.
Journal Article
The curious world of seahorses : the life and lore of a marine marvel
\"In this entertaining and informative book, science writer Till Hein shares the most tantalizing findings from the world of seahorses, opening up some of the secrets of these magical creatures of the sea. He reveals their intriguing biological features, such as their unique prehensile tails, their fins, and their lack of a stomach (seahorses only have intestines!). He speaks to experts about the fossil record of prehistoric seahorses, and examines their unique hunting strategy involving suction through their tubular (and toothless) snout. But the most unique aspect of the seahorses is their reproductive cycle, as it is the male of the species who becomes pregnant. Seahorses have become icons in feminist and transgender male communities for the way they can reshape human cultural notions of masculinity and fatherhood. Endlessly fascinating and charmingly approachable, The Curious World of Seahorses will captivate any reader looking to learn more about one of the most incredible creatures on Earth.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Increase in ocean acidity variability and extremes under increasing atmospheric CO.sub.2
Ocean acidity extreme events are short-term periods of relatively high [H.sup.+ ] concentrations. The uptake of anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emissions by the ocean is expected to lead to more frequent and intense ocean acidity extreme events, not only due to changes in the long-term mean but also due to changes in short-term variability. Here, we use daily mean output from a five-member ensemble simulation of a comprehensive Earth system model under low- and high-CO.sub.2 -emission scenarios to quantify historical and future changes in ocean acidity extreme events. When defining extremes relative to a fixed preindustrial baseline, the projected increase in mean [H.sup.+ ] causes the entire surface ocean to reach a near-permanent acidity extreme state by 2030 under both the low- and high-CO.sub.2 -emission scenarios. When defining extremes relative to a shifting baseline (i.e., neglecting the changes in mean [H.sup.+ ]), ocean acidity extremes are also projected to increase because of the simulated increase in [H.sup.+ ] variability; e.g., the number of days with extremely high surface [H.sup.+ ] conditions is projected to increase by a factor of 14 by the end of the 21st century under the high-CO.sub.2 -emission scenario relative to preindustrial levels. Furthermore, the duration of individual extreme events is projected to triple, and the maximal intensity and the volume extent in the upper 200 m are projected to quintuple. Similar changes are projected in the thermocline. Under the low-emission scenario, the increases in ocean acidity extreme-event characteristics are substantially reduced. At the surface, the increases in [H.sup.+ ] variability are mainly driven by increases in [H.sup.+ ] seasonality, whereas changes in thermocline [H.sup.+ ] variability are more influenced by interannual variability. Increases in [H.sup.+ ] variability arise predominantly from increases in the sensitivity of [H.sup.+ ] to variations in its drivers (i.e., carbon, alkalinity, and temperature) due to the increase in oceanic anthropogenic carbon. The projected increase in [H.sup.+ ] variability and extremes may enhance the risk of detrimental impacts on marine organisms, especially for those that are adapted to a more stable environment.
Journal Article
Dive in! : exploring our connection with the ocean
\"Part of the nonfiction Orca Footprints series for middle readers, with color photographs throughout. Find out why the ocean matters, why it is an amazing place and what you can do to keep it that way.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
