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Knowing how teams act when they score can help to propose better strategies and optimize the planning of training sessions. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the differences in the goals scored by the first teams (n = 11, goals = 398) and reserve teams (n = 5, goals = 242) of the same football league (Third Federation, group VII, Madrid, Spain). To record the goals, the observational methodology was used via CODITAG instrument. For analysis, the Chi-square test was applied in a general way, and the Z test at a particular level, comparing the proportions of the goals, and correcting the p values using the Bonferroni method. At a general level, significant differences (p < .05) were obtained in the criteria “contextualization of the last action” and “last contact surface”. At a particular level, the results reflected that the reserve teams differed from the first teams by achieving a lower proportion of their goals in set-piece actions and in attacking plays that led to completions or involved headed assists. However, they achieved a higher proportion of goals in game situations where the player who scored received a pass outside the box, as well as in finishes with the right foot, or that involved the use of 2 or more contacts. Coaches of reserve teams and coaches who face reserve teams should consider these findings. Conocer cómo actúan los equipos cuando consiguen marcar puede ayudar a plantear mejores estrategias y optimizar la planificación de las sesiones de entrenamiento. Por ello, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias en los goles marcados por los primeros equipos (n = 11, goles = 398) y equipos filiales (n = 5, goles = 242) de una misma liga (3ª RFEF grupo 7, Madrid, España). Para el registro de los goles, se utilizó la metodología observacional a partir del instrumento CODITAG. Para su análisis, se aplicó el estadístico Chi-cuadrado de manera general, y la prueba Z a nivel particular, comparando las proporciones de los goles, y corrigiendo los valores p a partir del método de Bonferroni. A nivel general, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas (p < .05) en los criterios “contextualización de la última acción” y “superficie del último contacto”. A nivel particular, los resultados reflejaron que los equipos filiales se diferenciaron del resto de equipos por conseguir una menor proporción de sus goles en acciones a balón parado y en jugadas que desembocaron en remates o conllevaron asistencias en forma de descarga o prolongación de cabeza. En cambio, consiguieron una mayor proporción de goles en situaciones donde el jugador que consiguió marcar recibió un pase fuera del área, así como en finalizaciones con el pie derecho, o que supusiesen la utilización de 2 o más contactos. Los entrenadores de equipos filiales y aquellos que se enfrenten a equipos filiales deberían considerar estos hallazgos. Saber como as equipes agem quando marcam pode ajudar a propor melhores estratégias e otimizar o planejamento dos treinos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças nos gols marcados pelas equipes titulares (n = 11, gols = 398) e equipes reservas (n = 5, gols = 242) de um mesmo campeonato de futebol (Terceira Federação, grupo VII, Madrid, Espanha). Para registro dos gols foi utilizada a metodologia observacional via instrumento CODITAG. Para análise, aplicou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de forma geral, e o teste Z em nível particular, comparando as proporções dos gols, e corrigindo os valores de p pelo método de Bonferroni. A nível geral, foram obtidas diferenças significativas (p < .05) nos critérios “contextualização da última ação” e “superfície do último contacto”. A um nível particular, os resultados reflectiram que as equipas reservas diferiram das equipas titulares por atingirem uma menor proporção dos seus golos em lances de bola parada e em jogadas de ataque que levaram a finalizações ou envolveram assistências de cabeça. No entanto, conseguiram uma maior proporção de golos em situações de jogo em que o jogador que marcou recebeu um passe fora da área, bem como em finalizações com o pé direito, ou que envolveram a utilização de 2 ou mais contactos. Os treinadores de equipas reservas e os treinadores que enfrentam equipas reservas devem considerar estas conclusões.

In water polo, the team’s technical and tactical performance is determined by the sum of the players’ activities. This study aimed to investigate the playing offensive performance of an Italian First League team performed during all matches (n = 19) of the 2021/22 championship using the Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP). For all subjects (n = 15), gaining possession of the ball (received balls (RB) and conquered balls (CB)) and disposing of the ball (neutral balls (NB); lost balls (LB); offensive ball (OB) and successful Shots (SS)) parameters, as well as volume of play (VP), efficiency index (EI) and performance score (PS) indexes, were analyzed in relation to the playing positions, season phase, match location and final score difference. Multiple linear regression showed a significant association between the playing position and VP and PS. Perimetral players showed the highest VP (65%) and PS (66%) values, and center defenders showed the highest values of CB (30%), while center forwards gained the highest amount of exclusion when handling the ball (48%). Although they were not significant, the other contextual factors showed that season phase and match location could affect the TSAP indexes. For water polo coaches, the TSAP represents an effective tool to assess how players interpret the match.

The aim of this research was to analyze selected defensive playing tactics of an individual at the 2021 World Junior Championships in Canada. We monitored selected defensive strategies [i.e., attacking an opponent with a puck (forechecking) and chasing an opponent with a puck (backchecking)] in selected matches at the World Junior Championships in Ice Hockey. We focused on the quantity of these actions and evaluated the success of these individual defensive playing tactics. We recorded the obtained data in record sheets, which we then evaluated using statistical methods and chi-squared test. Our study shows that a significantly higher number of selected individual defensive game tactics does not determine whether the team will be successful in the match and win. The teams that won their matches had a significantly lower number of attacks on the opponent than the teams that lost their matches. We hypothesize that a significantly higher number of attacks on an opponent with a puck will not affect the victory in the match. Our hypothesis No. 1 was confirmed. The obtained results were verified by the chi-squared test and were confirmed to be statistically significant, with 1% of statistical significance. Based on the acquired data, we can confirm that a significantly higher number of attacks by an opponent with a puck does not affect the victory in the match.

Esta investigación evaluó la influencia del Método Pedagogía de las Situa- ciones (MPS), (propuesta de Blázquez, 1986), sobre la toma de decisiones de jugadoras de baloncesto universitario. Para la toma de decisiones, se aplicaron las sugerencias de Refoyo (2001) e Iglesias (2005). En el estudio participaron 24 sujetos, divididos en grupo experimental y grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que el método Pedagogía de las Situaciones (MPS) produjo cambios significativos en la toma de decisiones en la acción dos contra uno. Estos cambios se pueden explicar por la modificación de toma de decisiones como consecuencia de las repeticiones realizadas du- rante la fase experimental del presente trabajo. 

During the second phase of the Meuse‐Argonne offensive, the American 29th and 33d Divisions were given the task of silencing German artillery along the Heights of the Meuse River. This essay explores the service of these two American divisions, fighting under the command of the French XVII Corps, and their experiences east of the Meuse. From 8 to 16 October 1918 the American and French servicemen pushed into difficult terrain, having to overcome fierce resistance from the German Fifth Army. Their experiences serve as a unique window onto the leadership of the American Expeditionary Forces and shed light on how the Meuse‐Argonne offensive as a whole was conducted.

This chapter contains sections titled: The Origins of the First Punic War Phase 1: The War in Northeastern Sicily and the Siege of Acragas (264‐262 BC ) Phase 2: Rome Becomes a Naval Power (262‐257) Phase 3: Rome Takes the War to Africa (256‐253) Phase 4: Stalemate: the Struggle for the Sicilian Coastline (252‐243) Phase 5: The Stalemate is Ended: Roman Victory at the Aegates (243‐241) The First Punic War and its Strategic Significance Further Reading