Explore the vast range of titles available.

Hybrid polymer films of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embedded with gradient levels of Bi-powder were prepared using a conventional solution casting process. XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques have been used to examine the micro/molecular structure and morphology of the synthesized flexible films. The intensities of the diffraction peaks and transmission spectrum of the PVP/PVA gradually declined with the introduction of Bi-metal. In addition, filler changes the microstructure surface of the pure film. The modification in the microstructure leads to an enhancement in the optical absorption characteristic of the blend films. The indirect allowed transition energy was calculated via Tauc’s and ASF (Absorption Spectra Fitting) models. The decrease in the hybrid film’s bandgap returns to the localized states in the forbidden region, which led the present films to be suitable for photo-electric, solar cell, etc., applications. The relation between the transition energy and the refractive index was studied. The enhancement in the refractive index with Bi-metal concentrations led to use the as-prepared films in optical sensors. The rise of Bi-metal concentrations leads also to the improvement of the nonlinear susceptibility and refractive parameters. The optical limiting characteristics revealed that the higher concentration dopant films reduce the light transmission intensity which is appropriate for laser attenuation and optical limiting in photonic devices. The results suggest that hybrid films are promising materials in a wide range of opto-electronic applications.

This article presents a theoretical study of the optical and transport properties of metals. Iron, as an example, was used to discuss, through a theoretical description, the peculiarities of these properties in the compressed and expanded states under the influence of high-density energy fluxes. By solving the semi-classical Boltzmann equation for conduction electrons for a broad range of densities and temperatures, the expressions of electrical conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric coefficient calculations were derived. The real and imaginary parts of the iron permittivity and the energy absorption coefficient for the first and second harmonics of Nd:YAG laser radiation were obtained. The calculation peculiarities of the metal’s optical characteristics of matter in an expanded state in a broad range of densities and temperatures were considered. The analysis of the obtained results shows their agreement with the theoretical description for cases of ideal non-degenerate and dense degenerate electron plasmas. It is shown that the behavior of the electrical conductivity and optical characteristics in the critical and supercritical regions of density and temperature are in agreement with the known experimental results.

Present study deals with the electronic properties and optimized geometry for (PVA-PEO-SiC)(56Atom) by using DFT at B3LYP level with bases set LanL2DZ for electronic, photonic and optic applications. The electronic characteristic which contain total energy, cohesive energy, HOMO, LUMO), ionization potential, energy gap, softness, electronic affinity, hardness, electronegativity and electrophilicity . The spectroscopic properties (IR, NMR and UV) for (PVA-PEO-SiC)(56Atom)were investigated at the same large level of theory. DFT calculations of 1 H NMR chemical shifts on(PVA-PEO-SiC)(56Atom) showed a higher shielding of PEO. The results indicate to the PVA-PEO-SiC have excellent optical and electronic properties with low energy band gap which make it suitable for various optoelectronics applications.

Nowadays, energy-related research is the main concern of researchers to find solutions to problems related to storage, such as thermal stability, and improve the efficiency and generation of energy in terms of energy correlation with the growth of the global economy. We successfully synthesized Nano-compositions based on (1 −  x )BaCa 0.05 Ti 0.95 O 3 –( x )SrZn 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 ( x  = 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, and 0.18) powders. Then, we made an optical ceramic device, such as a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC), using the laser technique and electrodes from gold (Au) deposited on both sides of the coating layers using the sputtering technique. The obtained deposited film phase was investigated based on an X-ray diffractometer, which confirmed the formation of the tetragonal phase for the prepared specimens. The field emission scanning electron microscope test revealed that the increasing concentration of SrZnTiO 3 (SZT) dopant in BaCaTiO 3 (BCT) samples has improved the density of the composition. Further, electrical properties were improved by enhancement of dielectric constant when increased SZT quantity in the BCT system, as a result of the position of Zn 2+ ‏ at the Sr 2+ ‏ site in (SZT) dopant would be much more off-center, and the related dipole moments would also be big compared to that of Ca 2+ ‏ in (BCT) composition. Furthermore, these composites showed thermal stability of dielectric constants and low-loss tangents. In addition, the optical characteristics of the samples investigated by UV–Vis are given in this article.

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared and modified using a wet chemical method with different concentrations of Ag and Cu nanoparticles. The objective was to improve the mechanical, optical, and antibacterial properties of the coated paper by using the prepared pigments. The long-term antimicrobial effects of the coated paper were evaluated over 25 years. The successful synthesis of a hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles decorated with spherical Ag and Cu nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 50 nm was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By increasing the concentrations of Ag and Cu from 0.01% to 1.0%, the mechanical properties of the coated paper were enhanced. The tensile strength reached a maximum of 6.77 kN/m and 7.03 kN/m, elongation increased to 1.69% and 1.70%, tensile energy absorption improved to approximately 77 and 80 J/m 2 , and burst strength rose to 218 and 219 kPa, respectively. The use of Ag-modified ZnO maintains the optical properties, while Cu-modified ZnO reduces brightness and whiteness without affecting opacity. The antimicrobial inhibition activity was improved with higher silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) content. The formulations containing 1% Ag/ZnO and 1%Cu/ZnO showed long-lasting antibacterial effects against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Even after 25 years of aging, they maintained inhibition rates of 92.2% and 62.2%, respectively. The molecular docking and GeneMANIA analysis revealed the potential of ZnO, Ag-modified ZnO, and Cu-modified ZnO nanoparticles to disrupt the S. aureus cell wall biosynthesis pathway by targeting the MurA enzyme and associated cell wall synthesis genes.

Successful preparation of PVA/SrTiO3/CNT polymer nanocomposite films was accomplished via the solution casting method. The structural, optical, and thermal properties of the films were tested by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Inclusion of the SrTiO3/CNT nanofillers with a maximum of 1 wt% drastically improved the optical and thermal properties of PVA films. SrTiO3 has a cubic crystal structure, and its average crystal size was found to be 28.75 nm. SEM images showed uniform distribution in the sample with 0.3 wt% of SrTiO3/CNTs in the PVA film, while some agglomerations appeared in the samples of higher SrTiO3/CNT content, i.e., at 0.7 and 1.0 wt%, in the PVA polymer films. The inclusion of SrTiO3/CNTs improved the thermal stability of PVA polymer films. The direct and indirect optical band gaps of the PVA films decreased when increasing the mass of the SrTiO3/CNTs, while the single-oscillator energy (E0) and dispersion energy (Ed) increased. The films’ refractive indices were gradually increased upon increasing the nanofillers’ weight. In addition, improvements in the optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive indices’ values were also obtained. These films are qualified for optoelectronic applications due to their distinct optical and thermal properties.

This paper presents the effects of annealing on the phase and chemical composition, surface morphology, structure, substructure, and optical properties of SnS films obtained using the nanoink spraying method based on a suspension of nanoparticles. SnS nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous ammonia solution using triethanolamine. After the ink was applied to the glass substrates, the samples were annealed at 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C for 30 min in a mixture of argon and oxygen atmosphere. Thin layers of tin sulfide were studied using energy-dispersive EDX, X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. The films are nanocrystalline and contain an orthorhombic SnS phase. In the films annealed at a temperature T a ≥ 450 °C, tin oxide was detected diffractometrically. These studies also explored the determination of the main structural parameters of the films, such as the texture, period of the crystal lattice, sizes of the coherent scattering regions, and the level of microdeformations depending on the annealing temperature. The optimal conditions for the annealing of the films were investigated.

The Li-doped NiO thin films were prepared onto the plane glass substrates, and the FTO coated glass substrates for electrochromic characterizations, employing the spray-pyrolysis technique. These films were analyzed by a variety of characterization techniques. The structural characterizations reveal that the as-prepared films are of NiO with a cubic structure along with the (2 2 0) plane as the most preferred orientation of crystallite growth. The topographic characterizations show that the surface roughness changes with the varying lithium content. The bandgap energy values are found in the range of 3.40–3.65 eV. Two emission peaks, one corresponding to NBE and another related to the structural defects, are observed in the room-temperature PL spectra of the films. The coloration efficiency of the films improves upon Li doping and is optimum (34.84 cm 2 /C at 550 nm) for the 3 at.% Li-doped films. The CA analyses indicate that the coloration phenomenon in the films occurs faster in comparison with the bleaching process. The EIS data have been examined based on an equivalent electrical circuit model using fit and simulation analysis.

The electrical and optical properties of sol–gel deposited nickel oxide (NiO) films are studied as a function of the annealing temperature. NiO X films are successfully obtained by spin coating process on glass and silicon substrates, and their transparency and conductivity have been improved using sol–gel technology. Further, the vibrational, optical, and electrical properties of NiO X  film are investigated concerning annealing temperatures between 150 and 450 °C. From the investigation, annealing at 350 °C results in the formation of NiO, and through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), it evidences the existence of Ni3 + which is confirmed along with Ni 2+  state. Furthermore, when the NiO X samples are treated at 150 °C, their optical transparency in the visible region reaches 90%, and when the temperature is increased to 450 °C, the optical transparency drops to 75–78%. Through investigation, it is also identified that the optical band gaps get reduced to the region of 3.93–3.67 eV through thermal treatments. From the investigation, it is identified that thin films are excellent p-type electrical conductors having a specific resistivity of around 4.8 × 10 3 Ω/cm. Hence, they can be used in the manufacturing of transparent solar cells such as Hole Transport Layers (HTLs) and wideband semiconductors.

In this paper, synthesis in PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 new nanocomposites was investigated to use in various optoelectronics fields. The PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 nanostructures prepared from PVA/PEG blend with various ratios of BaTiO3 NPs. The optical characteristics of synthesized PVA/PEG/BaTiO3 nanostructures have studied. Results indicated that the optical characteristics of PVA/PEG improved as BaTiO3 NPs ratio increase, this behavior makes it may be used in different electronics and photonics fields.