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Wind energy plays a crucial role as a renewable source for electricity generation, especially in remote or isolated regions without access to the main power grid. The intermittent characteristics of wind energy make it essential to incorporate energy storage solutions to guarantee a consistent power supply. This study introduces the design, modeling, and control mechanisms of a self-sufficient wind energy conversion system (WECS) that utilizes a Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in conjunction with a Water pumping storage station (WPS). The system employs Optimal torque control (OTC) to maximize power extraction from the wind turbine, achieving a peak power coefficient ( C p ) of 0.43. A vector control strategy is applied to the PMSG, maintaining the DC bus voltage at a regulated 465 V for stable system operation. The integrated WPS operates in both motor and generator modes, depending on the excess or shortfall of generated wind energy relative to load demand. In generator mode, the WPS supplements power when wind speeds are insufficient, while in motor mode, it stores excess energy by pumping water to an upper reservoir. Simulation results, conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, show that the system efficiently tracks maximum power points and regulates key parameters. For instance, the PMSG successfully maintains the reference quadrature current, achieving optimal torque and power output. The system’s response under varying wind speeds, with an average wind speed of 8 m/s, demonstrates that the generator speed closely follows turbine speed without a gearbox, leading to efficient power conversion. The results confirm the flexibility and robustness of the control strategies, ensuring continuous power delivery to the load. This makes the system a feasible solution for isolated, off-grid applications, contributing to advancements in renewable energy technologies and autonomous power generation systems.

Recently, controlling a wind energy conversion system (WECS) under fluctuating wind speed and enhancing the quality of power delivered to the grid has been a demanding challenge for many researchers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of synchronous generator-based WECSs. This paper will investigate the growth of wind energy in Egypt and throughout the world, as well as the technological and financial significance of wind energy. The block diagram of a typical grid-connected WECS, power control techniques, characteristic power curve-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and MPPT techniques are also presented in this study. Moreover, this study compares different power converter topologies for grid-connected and independent WECSs that use a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).