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The supercapattery integrates the rapid power output of supercapacitors (SCs) with the substantial energy storage capacity typical of batteries. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a stable porous structure that enhances efficient ion transport through strong metal-organic linkages. Metal diselenides contribute high conductivity and stability, strengthening the composite’s energy and power densities. Polyaniline (PANI) provides pseudocapacitive behavior, further improving charge storage. This study presents a PCN-222/NiSe 2 @PANI composite synthesized hydrothermal, ensuring strong material integration and uniform distribution. Surface morphology and phase purity, analyzed by SEM and XRD, confirmed structural uniformity and stability. Electrochemical testing revealed a specific capacity (Qs) of 2449 ± 5 C/g at 2.0 A/g in a tri-electrode configuration. A two-electrode supercapattery, fabricated using PCN-222/NiSe 2 @PANI as the anode and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode, achieved an energy density of 68 Wh/kg and a power density of 900 W/kg, with 87.6% capacity retention over 8,000 GCD cycles, surpassing standard benchmarks. The power-law analysis yielded b -fitting values between 0.58 and 0.75, indicating hybrid charge storage. The composite exhibited promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, with an overpotential of 87 ± 5 mV and a Tafel slope of 78 ± 5 mV/dec, showing high catalytic efficiency and favorable charge transfer kinetics. These results position PCN-222/NiSe 2 @PANI as a strong contender for high-performance supercapattery applications, advancing energy storage and conversion technologies.

Ammonia (NH3) is a common pollutant mostly derived from pig manure composting under humid conditions, and it is absolutely necessary to develop materials for ammonia removal with high stability and efficiency. To this end, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received special attention because of their high selectivity of harmful gases in the air, resulting from their large surface area and high density of active sites, which can be tailored by appropriate modifications. Herein, two synthetic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8) and zinc-trimesic acid (ZnBTC), were selected for ammonia removal under humid conditions during composting. The two MOFs, with different organic linkers, exhibit fairly distinctive ammonia absorption behaviors under the same conditions. For the ZnBTC framework, the ammonia intake is 11.37 mmol/g at 298 K, nine times higher than that of the ZIF-8 framework (1.26 mmol/g). In combination with theoretical calculations, powder XRD patterns, FTIR, and BET surface area tests were conducted to reveal the absorption mechanisms of ammonia for the two materials. The adsorption of ammonia on the ZnBTC framework can be attributed to both physical and chemical adsorption. A strong coordination interaction exists between the nitrogen atom from the ammonia molecule and the zinc atom in the ZnBTC framework. In contrast, the absorption of ammonia in the ZIF-8 framework is mainly physical. The weak interaction between the ammonia molecule and the ZIF-8 framework mainly results from the inherent severely steric hindrance, which is related to the coordination mode of the imidazole ligands and the zinc atom of this framework. Therefore, this study provides a method for designing promising MOFs with appropriate organic linkers for the selective capture of ammonia during manure composting.

In the field of photocatalysis, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn a lot of attention. MOFs have a number of advantages over conventional semiconductors, including high specific surface area, large number of active sites, and an easily tunable porous structure. In this perspective review, different synthesis methods used to prepare MOFs and MOFs-based heterostructures have been discussed. Apart from this, the application of MOFs and MOFs-based heterostructures as photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of different types of pollutants have been compiled. This paper also highlights the different strategies that have been developed to modify and regulate pristine MOFs for improved photocatalytic performance. The MOFs modifications may result in better visible light absorption, effective photo-generated charge carriers (e−/h+), separation and transfer as well as improved recyclability. Despite that, there are still many obstacles and challenges that need to be addressed. In order to meet the requirements of using MOFs and MOFs-based heterostructures in photocatalysis for low-cost practical applications, future development and prospects have also been discussed.

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are noted as exceptional candidates towards the detection and removal of specific analytes. MOFs were reported in particular for the detection/removal of environmental contaminants, such as heavy metal ions, toxic anions, hazardous gases, explosives, etc. Among heavy metal ions, mercury has been noted as a global hazard because of its high toxicity in the elemental (Hg0), divalent cationic (Hg2+), and methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) forms. To secure the environment and living organisms, many countries have imposed stringent regulations to monitor mercury at all costs. Regarding the detection/removal requirements of mercury, researchers have proposed and reported all kinds of MOFs-based luminescent/non-luminescent probes towards mercury. This review provides valuable information about the MOFs which have been engaged in detection and removal of elemental mercury and Hg2+ ions. Moreover, the involved mechanisms or adsorption isotherms related to sensors or removal studies are clarified for the readers. Finally, advantages and limitations of MOFs in mercury detection/removal are described together with future scopes.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial step in the development of electrochemical energy storage systems and conversion technologies, such as alkaline fuel cells, water-splitting, and rechargeable batteries. As a result, the design of efficient, low-cost and long-lasting OER electrocatalysts is one of the biggest modern day challenges in the field of renewable energies. Because of the high surface area, high porosity, and variable constitution, metal–organic frameworks are used as OER electrocatalysts. In this study, CoMo-H 3 BTC, Co-H 3 BTC and Mo-H 3 BTC were prepared using solvothermal method, at 135 °C for 16 h. The functional behavior, structure, morphology, and oxidation state of the electrocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction studies, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared CoMo-H 3 BTC composites showed high electrocatalytic properties toward OER as well as improved nitrosensing capabilities. CoMo-H 3 BTC demonstrates OER catalytic activity with overpotential of 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 and a 59 mV dec −1 of Tafel slope value with good stability. Also, CoMo-H 3 BTC electrocatalysts have better sensing applications toward nitroaromatics such as nitrobenzene and 2, 4-dinitrotoluene with a detection limit of 0.128 µM and 0.197 µM, respectively. The excellent OER activity, low Tafel slope value, improved durability, and good nitrosensing ability of CoMo-H 3 BTC will meet the real-world applications. Graphical abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production. However, their efficiency is often limited by the optical properties of conventional organic linkers, such as terephthalic acid (TA). In this work, the synthesis of two novel triphenylamine‐based organic dyes (L0‐TA and L1‐TA) featuring a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) structure is reported. These dyes are functionalized with a terminal moiety analogous to aminoterephthalic acid, which serves as visible‐light‐absorbing linkers. These dyes retain the coordination ability required for MOF assembly while enhancing light‐harvesting properties. Crystallographic simulations confirm the structural compatibility of these colinkers in hybrid MOFs, providing a viable strategy to maintain MOF crystallinity while improving photocatalytic performance. Triphenylamine‐based dyes L0‐TA and L1‐TA are synthesized and electrochemically characterized to assess their suitability for photocatalytic hydrogen production via water splitting. Crystallographic simulations confirm their structural compatibility with the MIL‐125 framework, allowing incorporation without steric clashes. These findings highlight their potential as photosensitizing linkers in etal–organic framework‐based photocatalytic systems.

Mesitylene was used as a core in seven new tritopic nitrogen containing linkers. Three of the linkers, each containing three nitrile groups, were obtained through Suzuki, Sonogashira and Heck-type coupling reactions. Next, these were converted to tetrazol-5-yl moieties by the cycloaddition of sodium azide to the nitrile functionalities. The last linker, containing three 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl moieties, was synthesized by the Huisgen cycloaddition of phenyl azide to the corresponding alkyne. The latter was obtained via a Corey–Fuchs reaction sequence from the previously reported formyl derivative. As the proof of concept for their potential in MOF design, one of the nitriles was used to build an Ag-based network.

The efficacy of oxalate–phosphate–amine metal–organic frameworks (OPA-MOFs) as highly efficient slow-release fertilizers in acidic soils is well established. However, a research gap exists concerning the impact of OPA-MOFs on soils with high levels of calcium carbonate. Thus, two distinct types of OPA-MOFs with enhanced specific surface areas were synthesized and utilized in field experiments. A randomized complete block design was employed to evaluate the effect of five different fertilizers on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in wheat at various growth stages cultivated in calcareous soil. The treatments comprised OPA-MOF1, OPA-MOF2, IF1 (urea and triple superphosphate fertilizer), IF2 (ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate fertilizer), and a control, each with three replications. N and P contents of the wheat plants were assessed at Zadoks growth stages 13 and 40, as well as in the wheat grains. The findings indicated that the highest grain yield was obtained with IF1 (1439.86 kg ha −1 ), followed by IF2 (1146.83 kg ha −1 ). In contrast, the OPA-MOF treatments yielded lower grain yields (OPA-MOF1: 1020.64 kg ha −1 , OPA-MOF2: 845.06 kg ha −1 ). Moreover, OPA-MOF1 exhibited a more pronounced effect on the slow release of N and P elements due to its more regular structure, resulting in higher N content during the middle growth stage and a greater grain yield compared to OPA-MOF2. Highlights The N and P contents were measured at Zadoks growth stages 13, 40, and at the maturity of wheat grains. OPA-MOFs effectively increased nitrogen content in the shoot and grain of wheat. Application of OPA-MOFs can improve yield, biomass, and 1000-seed weight in wheat. OPA-MOF1 showed better performance than OPA-MOF2 in increasing grain P content. OPA-MOFs showed a slower trend in biomass production compared to IF1 and IF2.

Recent decades have witnessed the explosive emergence of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as functional ultrahigh surface area materials. Categorized as an intriguing class of hybrid materials, MOFs exhibit infinite crystalline lattices with inorganic vertices and molecular-scale organic linkers. Fortunately, the large internal surface areas and overall pore volumes, adjustable pore sizes, ultralow densities, and tunable framework–adsorbate interaction by ligand functionalization and metal choice, enable MOFs to be promising materials for wide applications. In particular, these remarkable properties render MOFs potential hydrogen storage materials. By virtue of their exceptionally high surface areas, unparalleled tenability and structural diversity, MOFs have become a hotspot of research within the scientific community. This paper reviews the different methods used for the synthesis of MOFs, the relationship between structural features and hydrogen adsorption, the strategies for hydrogen uptake improvement as well as the molecular simulation.

Aerogels are considered as outstanding future materials owing to their wide surface area and three-dimensional network of silica particles, low density, low-thermal conductivity, high porosity, and low dielectric property. Their outstanding characteristics represent excellent potential applications in thermal insulation systems, aeronautical domains, environmental clean-up and protection, as heat storage devices, transparent windows, thickening agents in paints, etc. Among these applications, thermal insulating materials can play a vital role in living systems and for saving energy in various domestic and industrial processes. However, native silica aerogels are fragile and sensitive to relatively low pressures, which limit their application. More robust aerogels with higher strength and stiffness can be obtained by compounding silica networks with organoalkoxysilanes, polymers or using porous scaffolds as supports. This paper presents a review on the approaches for mechanical reinforcing methods for silica aerogels and recent achievements toward improving the strength of native silica aerogels. In addition, various characteristics derived from composite aerogels are analyzed synthetically.