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This study addresses a critical limitation in existing computational tools for modeling post‐exercise oxygen consumption kinetics (V̇O2). Although exponential modeling provides practical insights into recovery dynamics, the inability to incorporate an individual's pre‐exercise baseline oxygen consumption value (V̇O2_baseline) can lead to inaccurate interpretations. A user‐defined baseline allows for more precise modeling by aligning recovery kinetics with the true physiological endpoint, representing the individual's actual recovery target after a sufficient rest. To overcome this limitation, this study employs a customized Python algorithm that incorporates user‐defined baseline V̇O2 and uses both mono‐exponential and bi‐exponential models, aiming to improve upon existing analytical methods. Twenty‐two male amateur soccer players participated in this study and performed a 30‐s Wingate test. V̇O2 was measured continuously before, during, and after exercise via a metabolic gas analyzer. Both mono‐exponential and bi‐exponential models were used to analyze post‐exercise V̇O2 kinetics. The analysis was performed using Origin software (as the reference tool), GedaeLab (a specialized web‐based platform), and a custom‐developed Python algorithm. The bi‐exponential model demonstrated superior fit compared to the mono‐exponential model with higher determination coefficient (R 2) values. Specifically, R 2 values were 0.963 ± 0.013 and 0.805 ± 0.078 for the bi‐exponential and mono‐exponential models, respectively. The bi‐exponential model also provided a more accurate approximation of real post‐exercise oxygen consumption integrals at both 5 min and 15 min. Additionally, variations in V̇O2_baseline values had different impacts on key parameters in both models, showing that higher V̇O2_baseline values generally improved the model fit in the mono‐exponential model but had minimal impact on the bi‐exponential model.

The two major aims of the present study were: (i) quantify localised cortical bone adaptation at the surface level using contralateral endpoint imaging data and image analysis techniques, and (ii) investigate whether cortical bone adaptation responses are universal or region specific and dependent on the respective peak load. For this purpose, we re-analyse previously published $$\\mu$$ μCT data of the mouse tibia loading model that investigated bone adaptation in response to sciatic neurectomy and various peak load magnitudes (F = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 N). A beam theory-based approach was developed to simulate cortical bone adaptation in different sections of the tibia, using longitudinal strains as the adaptive stimuli. We developed four mechanostat models: universal, surface-based, strain directional-based, and combined surface and strain direction-based. Rates of bone adaptation in these mechanostat models were computed using an optimisation procedure (131,606 total simulations), performed on a single load case (F = 10 N). Subsequently, the models were validated against the remaining six peak loads. Our findings indicate that local bone adaptation responses are quasi-linear and bone region specific. The mechanostat model which accounted for differences in endosteal and periosteal regions and strain directions (i.e. tensile versus compressive) produced the lowest root mean squared error between simulated and experimental data for all loads, with a combined prediction accuracy of 76.6, 55.0 and 80.7% for periosteal, endosteal, and cortical thickness measurements (in the midshaft of the tibia). The largest root mean squared errors were observed in the transitional loads, i.e. F = 2 to 6 N, where inter-animal variability was highest. Finally, while endpoint imaging studies provide great insights into organ level bone adaptation responses, the between animal and loaded versus control limb variability make simulations of local surface-based adaptation responses challenging.

Circ_0114428 was upregulated in the blood samples of sepsis patients.LPS treatment increased circ_0114428 expression in HPAEpiCs.Knockdown of circ_0114428 ameliorated LPS-induced lung cell injury.Circ_0114428 modulated ROCK2 expression through miR-574-5p.

This research examined temporal and spatial patterns of microphytobenthos (MPB) and relationships with environmental variables in a Pacific Northwest, USA estuary with complex environmental gradients. Sediment composition, salinity, and nutrients varied between sites closer to the estuary mouth (MAR), and those further upstream (RIV) and seasonal patterns in these variables also differed between MAR and RIV sites. Average MPB biomass was 57.8 ± 22.9 µgchlorophyllcm-3 at MAR sites and 29.9 ± 13.3 µg chlorophyllcm⁻³ at RIV sites. Relationships between MPB biomass and environmental conditions depended on season. The MPB diatom assemblage was influenced primarily by location within the estuary and secondarily by season. Epipsammic taxa, including Catenula adhaerens, Planothidium delicatulum, and Opephora spp. 1, were most abundant at MAR sites, while highly motile taxa in the genera Navicula senso lato and Nitzschia were abundant at RIV sites. Seasonal shifts in diatom community structure were evident at RIV sites and were driven primarily by changes in dominant epipelic taxa. Relationships between the MPB diatom assemblage and environmental conditions varied between MAR and RIV sites. Physical variables, including distance from the estuary mouth, sediment composition, land use in the 100 m buffer, and to a lesser extent, salinity, were correlated to the MAR assemblage. In contrast for RIV sites, salinity and nutrients were correlated to the diatom assemblage. Despite the complexity inherent in elucidating diatom–environmental relationships, our results suggest that tidal flat diatoms can be used to assess the environmental conditions of estuaries.

All superconductors in a magnetic field are characterized by three critical magnetic fields: lower critical $$H_{c1}$$ Hc1, upper critical $$H_{c2}$$ Hc2 and thermodynamic critical field $$H_{c}$$ Hc. Only two sets of inequalities $$H_{c2}>H_c>H_{c1}$$ Hc2>Hc>Hc1 or $$H_{c1}>H_c>H_{c2}$$ Hc1>Hc>Hc2 are possible in a single-component superconductor. Here, we report our study of the critical fields in multicomponent superconductors with two superconducting components in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau functional. We derive the relationship between the phases of the components of the superconducting complex order parameter from the charge conservation law in explicit form and insert it into the Ginzburg-Landau functional. Using the modified Ginzburg-Landau equation, we acquire the single vortex state including the analytical expression for asymptotics. Also, we obtain the analytical form for the state in the upper critical field. We find that in some cases an unusual sequence of critical fields $$H_{c1},H_{c2}>H_c$$ Hc1,Hc2>Hc can be realized in multicomponent superconductors.

Accurate identification of medically important intermediate host and vector species is crucial for understanding disease transmission and control. Identifying Bulinus snails which act as intermediate host species for the transmission of schistosomiasis is typically undertaken using conchological and genital morphology as well as molecular methods. Here, a landmark-based morphometric analysis of shell morphology was undertaken to determine its utility to distinguish the closely related and morphologically similar sister species Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus forskalii. The method was developed to increase the accuracy of conchological morphology methods to identify Bulinus species in the field. Both species are found in West Africa, but only B. senegalensis is implicated in the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis. We found when scaled down to the same length, 3-whorl and 4-whorl (juvenile) B. senegalensis shells had a longer spire, narrower body whorl and shorter aperture than B. forskalii. In contrast, 5-whorl (adult) B. senegalensis had a shorter spire, but still had a shorter aperture and narrower body whorl than B. forskalii. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) showed minimal overlap between B. senegalensis and B. forskalii for 3-whorl and 4-whorl shells, with a clear separation for 5-whorl shells. Overall, B. senegalensis had a consistently shorter aperture size and narrower body whorl than B. forskalii for all development stages. Spire length was variable depending on the stage of development, with 3-whorl and 4-whorl shells having the opposite trends of adult shells. Our study demonstrates the applicability of landmark-based morphometrics in distinguishing the medically important, Bulinus senegalensis from its morphologically similar sister species, Bulinus forskalii. We recommend using measurements based on spire length, penultimate whorl length, body whorl width and aperture size to differentiate B. senegalensis and B. forskalii, when used with the appropriate information for each shell's development stage.

We consider the existence of cohomogeneity one solitons for the isometric flow of $$\\textrm{G}_2$$ G2-structures on the following classes of torsion-free $$\\textrm{G}_2$$ G2-manifolds: the Euclidean $${\\mathbb {R}}^7$$ R7 with its standard $$\\textrm{G}_2$$ G2-structure, metric cylinders over Calabi–Yau 3-folds, metric cones over nearly Kähler 6-manifolds, and the Bryant–Salamon $$\\textrm{G}_2$$ G2-manifolds. In all cases we establish existence of global solutions to the isometric soliton equations, and determine the asymptotic behaviour of the torsion. In particular, existence of shrinking isometric solitons on $${\\mathbb {R}}^7$$ R7 is proved, giving support to the likely existence of type I singularities for the isometric flow. In each case, the study of the soliton equation reduces to a particular nonlinear ODE with a regular singular point, for which we provide a careful analysis. Finally, to simplify the derivation of the relevant equations in each case, we first establish several useful Riemannian geometric formulas for a general class of cohomogeneity one metrics on total spaces of vector bundles which should have much wider application, as such metrics arise often as explicit examples of special holonomy metrics.