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Otto Weininger was one of the most controversial and widely read authors of fin-de-siècle Vienna. He was both condemned for his misogyny, self-hatred, anti-semitism and homophobia, as well as praised for his uncompromising and outspoken approach to gender and morality. For Wittgenstein Weininger was a 'remarkable genius'. He repeatedly recommended Weininger's Sex and Character to friends and students and included the author on a short list of figures who had influenced him. The purpose of this new collection of essays is to explore the various ways in which Wittgenstein absorbed and responded to Weininger's ideas. Written by an international team of experts on Wittgenstein and Weininger, the volume is especially timely in the light of recent translations of Weininger's work and will appeal to anyone interested in the history of 20th century philosophy, and the literary and cultural history of fin-de-siècle Vienna.

The texts of Estonian literary classic A. H. Tammsaare (1878-1940) can be read as mediating contradictory fin de siècle discourses of modernity. The emergence of these discourses was the effect of an accelerated process of socioeconomic modernization. This article analyzes constructions of femininity in Tammsaare's literary texts through his women protagonists. The construction of these protagonists can meaningfully be traced to the increasingly insistent presence of women in the public sphere throughout Europe and in Estonia at the period of fin de siècle. Although Tammsaare's texts speak by means of feminist discourses, his constructions of femininity lean toward the negative, misogynistic pole of these reactions to emancipated and \"new\" women. His analysis of womanhood often refers to the misogynist theory of gender in Otto Weininger's popular treatise Geschlecht und Charakter. Eine prinzipielle Untersuchung (Sex and Character. An Investigation of Fundamental Principles), which came out 1903.

Distinctively anti-women views are typical of Bartol's prewar short prose (especially in his narratives from the first half of the 1930s). They were already noticed by contemporary criticism, and also by later researchers of Bartol's oeuvre. These types of observations often motivated the judgments that Bartol's writing was gynophobic, misogynistic, and even anti-feminist. An overview of Bartol's diary notes shows that in many ways his personal views on women indeed matched the views of his literary characters. The writer drew his anti-women views from various sources: partly from his personal experience and mainly from the works of authors that were typical in this regard and that he read and often used as a reference (e.g., Machiavelli, Strindberg, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Weininger). Within this context, his friend from his youth and role model Klement Jug was especially important for Bartol. Jug's anti-women positions are somewhat less known, but they were extremely relevant for Bartol. Both Bartol's anti-women views and their main sources can be extensively documented. However, these types of views by the author do not necessarily prejudice the expressiveness of his texts. Based on a detailed reading of the novella Ljubezen Sergeja Mihajlovica (Sergej Mihajlovic's Love), this article shows that Bartol's short prose cannot be understood as a thesis propagation of the anti-women doctrine. True, misogyny is one of the informative components of this text, but it does not appear in isolation; it appears in combination with other components that de-monologize, stratify, and relativize the \"message.\" Through the innovative use of specific narrative procedures, Bartol achieved a problematization of the unambiguous reference of his early short prose, which ultimately also relativizes the power of the anti-women views in it.

The absence of female writing forms a particularly striking gap in the historiography of German-language literature in the Czech Lands during the decades around 1900. Women participated significantly in the literary scene of the period but were largely forgotten. Our article will discuss the conditions and discourses that enabled women to be active in the public space but later led to their absence in literary history. Approaches are sought that make future inclusion possible again. The first step for (re-)establishing a female presence in this area is to reconstruct biographies with a focus on female-specific social realities at the time and on the interaction of cultural, social and historical factors. In the next step, attention is brought to the “minor” or “simple”, rather non-canonical literary genres that were often used by women authors at the fin de siècle.

Georg Simmel's depiction of the Jew as an absolut formlos that can tolerate any content may be understood as a pure sociation, an ideal of modern society as a site that increasingly consists of highly individuated individuals. Hence, while the definition of the Jew as a \"man without qualities\" led Austrian-Jewish philosopher Otto Weininger on a path to self-destruction and the denial of the capability of Jews for individuality, it led Simmel to self-approval. Nonetheless, both Simmel's and Weininger's theories regarding modernity, mobility, Jewishness, and femininity operated in a consistent and coherent Zeitgeist. Scholem's anecdote about Simmel and Weininger signifies the resemblance between core (scientific) and marginal (pseudoscientific) figures of modern social science, at the moment and place of the discipline's formation. However, the criteria for these definitions remain unclear.

Tras describir las líneas principales de las interpretaciones que Gregorio Marañón y Miguel de Unamuno hicieron del diario de Henri-Frédéric Amiel, en este artículo se trae a colación la obra de Otto Weininger con el fin de contemplar ambas interpretaciones desde una perspectiva más amplia que permita vislumbrar cuáles eran los intereses de Marañón y Unamuno cuando analizaron la vida y la personalidad de Amiel.

Call It English identifies the distinctive voice of Jewish American literature by recovering the multilingual Jewish culture that Jews brought to the United States in their creative encounter with English. In transnational readings of works from the late-nineteenth century to the present by both immigrant and postimmigrant generations, Hana Wirth-Nesher traces the evolution of Yiddish and Hebrew in modern Jewish American prose writing through dialect and accent, cross-cultural translations, and bilingual wordplay.

Although we usually think of the intellectual legacy of twentieth-century Vienna as synonymous with Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theories, other prominent writers from Vienna were also radically reconceiving sexuality and gender. In this probing new study, David Luft recovers the work of three such writers: Otto Weininger, Robert Musil, and Heimito von Doderer. His account emphasizes the distinctive intellectual world of liberal Vienna, especially the impact of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche in this highly scientific intellectual world. According to Luft, Otto Weininger viewed human beings as bisexual and applied this theme to issues of creativity and morality. Robert Musil developed a creative ethics that was closely related to his open, flexible view of sexuality and gender. And Heimito von Doderer portrayed his own sexual obsessions as a way of understanding the power of total ideologies, including his own attraction to National Socialism. For Luft, the significance of these three writers lies in their understandings of eros and inwardness and in the roles that both play in ethical experience and the formation of meaningful relations to the world-a process that continues to engage artists, writers, and thinkers today. Eros and Inwardness in Vienna will profoundly reshape our understanding of Vienna's intellectual history. It will be important for anyone interested in Austrian or German history, literature, or philosophy.

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a dilucidar la concepción wittgensteiniana del judaísmo. En general se admite que la obra de Otto Weininger influyó en el pensamiento de Wittgenstein, pero no hay acuerdo sobre el contenido de esa influencia. Aquí sostenemos que esta es perceptible, no solo en la concepción wittgensteiniana de la ética, la genialidad, el talento, etc., sino también en su caracterización del judaísmo y en el uso que el filósofo hace de esta idea.

El objetivo de este trabajo es señalar que para la reflexión filosófica sobre los sexos hay dos cuestiones de vital importancia que están íntimamente relacionadas: el significado que atribuimos al coito y cómo entendemos la relación del ser humano con lo absoluto (o con Dios). Para ello, recurriremos a las filosofías de dos autores que representan opciones antagónicas en esta materia: Otto Weinigner, un autor indudablemente misógino, y Simone de Beauvoir, precursora del feminismo. Dado que sus discursos coinciden en muchos aspectos relevantes —pues ambos identifican los valores masculinos con los valores humanos, creen que las mujeres han sido víctimas de un engaño y defienden la desaparición de la feminidad—, la razón por la que merecen juicios contrapuestos debe de hallarse en sus discrepancias. Aquí defendemos que la divergencia fundamental entre sus teorías está en el significado que atribuyen al coito y que este depende del tipo de relación que proponen entre el ser humano y la divinidad. La comparación entre estos autores revela el carácter fundamental de dichas cuestiones para el discurso filosófico sobre los sexos.