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The research evaluated the impact of three pesticides on Eisenia fetida in the cultivation of Allium cepa (onion) in thedistrict of Lurín, Lima, Peru. The mean lethal dose values (LD50) at 14 days, evasion percentage and food activity were evaluated as well as the exposure ratio of the toxic (TER) and the environmental risk coefficient (RQ) on pesticides zeta-cypermethrin, pendimethalin and profenofos based on ecotoxicological tests with E. fetida. The LD50 values atan exposure time at 14 d for the three pesticides were: zeta cypermethrin>profenofos>pendimethalin. A relationship with the dose of pesticides close to the LD50 was calculated for the evasion and for food activity. TER value for thethree pesticides was calculated which indicated no ecotoxicological impact for E. fetida. However, in the CR value,there were high risk values in the total, where zeta-cypermethrin indicated 92.77% of the environmental risk, whilependimethalin presented the lowest environmental risk with 0.09%. Within Peruvian legislation, these pesticides are still allowed to be used; hence, based on this research, it is suggested that zeta-cypermethrin be evaluated in more detail, because it was the only pesticide that presented a significant CR. In conclusion, zeta-cypermethrin causes an environmental impact on the onion crop in Lurin.

Introduction: Fatigue and inflammation are key physiological processes that modulate both recovery and performance outcomes in athletes. Nevertheless, existing monitoring strategies are not typically designed to incorporate molecular and anthropometric markers, which limits their specificity and application in sports settings. Objective: To critically appraise recent evidence on the integration of molecular biomarkers and anthropometric parameters for the assessment of inflammation and fatigue in athletes. Methodology: According to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, systematic searching was conducted in the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. A total of 47 included studies from peer-reviewed, English-language articles with human athletes and reporting both molecular and anthropometric data. Results: The review documented associations between body composition and biomarkers of muscle fatigue, inflammation, endocrine control, immune defense, and metabolism. Significant signaling cascades such as nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis were commonly involved. Greater muscle mass supports better recovery, whereas higher fat mass increases inflammation and metabolic risk. Discussion: Combining these biomarkers with anthropometric values increases precision in physiological assessment and reduces misclassification risks, particularly in highly trained subjects. This review promoted a two-stranded monitoring strategy—encompassing molecular and morphological measures—to support personalized training, nutrition, and recovery planning. Conclusions: The combination of multiple biomarkers and anthropometric analysis presents a promising paradigm for individualized monitoring with significant implications for precision training and recovery protocols in sport science. Introducción: La fatiga y la inflamación son procesos fisiológicos clave que afectan la recuperación y el rendimiento en atletas. Sin embargo, las estrategias actuales de monitoreo no suelen integrar marcadores moleculares y antropométricos, lo que limita su aplicabilidad en el ámbito deportivo. Objetivo: Evaluar críticamente la evidencia reciente sobre la integración de biomarcadores moleculares y parámetros antropométricos para evaluar la inflamación y la fatiga en atletas. Metodología: Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Web of Science, ScienceDirect y PubMed. Se incluyeron 47 estudios revisados por pares en inglés, realizados en atletas humanos, que informaron datos moleculares y antropométricos. Resultados: Se identificaron correlaciones entre composición corporal y biomarcadores de fatiga muscular, inflamación, regulación endocrina, inmunidad y metabolismo. Se observaron comúnmente cascadas de señalización significativas, como el factor nuclear kappa B, la fosfatidilinositol-3-quinasa/cinasa dependiente de fosfatidilinositol y el eje hipotálamo–hipófisis–adrenal. Mayor masa muscular favorece la recuperación; mayor grasa corporal se asocia con mayor inflamación y riesgo metabólico. Discusión: La combinación de biomarcadores y parámetros antropométricos mejora la precisión del monitoreo fisiológico, especialmente en atletas entrenados. Se propone una estrategia dual que integre indicadores moleculares y morfológicos. Conclusiones: El análisis conjunto de biomarcadores y medidas antropométricas representa un enfoque prometedor para el monitoreo individualizado en la ciencia del deporte. Introdução: A fadiga e a inflamação são processos fisiológicos essenciais que afetam a recuperação e o desempenho em atletas. No entanto, as estratégias de monitorização atuais falham frequentemente na integração de marcadores moleculares e antropométricos, limitando a sua aplicabilidade no desporto. Objectivo: Avaliar criticamente as evidências recentes sobre a integração de biomarcadores moleculares e parâmetros antropométricos para avaliar a inflamação e a fadiga em atletas. Metodologia: Seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática na Web of Science, ScienceDirect e PubMed. Foram incluídos quarenta e sete estudos revistos por pares em inglês, realizados em atletas humanos, que reportaram dados moleculares e antropométricos. Resultados: Foram identificadas correlações entre a composição corporal e os biomarcadores de fadiga muscular, inflamação, regulação endócrina, imunidade e metabolismo. Foram comummente observadas cascatas de sinalização significativas, como o fator nuclear kappa B, a fosfatidilinositol-3-quinase/quinase dependente de fosfatidilinositol e o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal. Maior massa muscular favorece a recuperação; maior gordura corporal está associada a maior inflamação e risco metabólico. Discussão: A combinação de biomarcadores e parâmetros antropométricos melhora a precisão da monitorização fisiológica, especialmente em atletas treinados. É proposta uma estratégia dupla integrando indicadores moleculares e morfológicos. Conclusões: A análise conjunta de biomarcadores e medidas antropométricas representa uma abordagem promissora para a monitorização individualizada na ciência do desporto.

The objective of this research was to quantify diazotrophic bacteria and compare physicochemically rhizospheric soils of three cocoa plantations (Theobroma cacao L.) in Norte de Santander Department, Colombia; for which they were characterized, differing in cultivated area, agronomic management and crop age. From serial dilutions of the samples and using the technique of Most Probable Number (MPN), In semisolid culture media (NFb, JMV, LGI, JNFb), the diazotrophs were quantified, evaluating as positive the formation of a subsurface film in the medium contained in sealed vials; equal samples were sent to the Bioambiental laboratory (UNET) for physicochemical analyzes. As a result, the evaluated samples showed deficiencies in the percentage of organic matter and elements such as Potassium, Phosphorus and Magnesium. Statistically highly significant differences in MPN were reported. The highest quantification of diazotrophs was reported in the Florilandia farm, which was characterized by drip irrigation. The highest quantification of diazotrophs was recorded in the media NFb and JMV, demonstrating a greater presence of the presumed genera Azospirillum sp. and Burkholderia sp. which are easily isolated from rhizospheric soils, unlike the genera Herbaspirillum sp. and Gluconacetobacter sp. which by their endophytic character tend to be less predominant in this type of samples. It is also concluded that the physicochemical characteristics of the soil, humidity and climatic relationships at the moment of sampling, condition the amount of root exudates and therefore are factors that conditioned the presence of diazotrophs in the samples.

Avocado brown mite, Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae), causes significant damage to crops, such as avocado (Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae]). To implement strategies for integrated management of O. punicae, it is necessary to understand its biology when it feeds on different hosts. Life tables of O. punicae on three host plants (P. americana cv. Hass, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth [Fabaceae] and Rosa hybrida L. [Rosaceae]) were developed under laboratory conditions. The developmental time of immature females differed among the host plants tested and ranged from 10.09 days on P. americana cv. Hass to 12.78 days on R. hybrida. For immature males, it ranged from 10.08 days on P. americana cv. Hass to 12.80 days on R. hybrida. The highest total fecundity was recorded for P. americana cv. Hass (47.48 eggs/female) and was lowest for R. hybrida (21.12 eggs/female). The highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm ) of O. punicae was registered on P. americana cv. Hass (0.240 day⁻¹) and was lowest on R. hybrida (0.156 day⁻¹). The demographic parameters suggest that R. hybrida is a poor host for the development of O. punicae, and the best O. punicae performance was on P. americana cv. Hass. Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae), causa daños importantes a cultivos, tales como el cultivo del aguacate (Persea americana Mill. [Lauraceae]). Para implementar estrategias de manejo integrado de O. punicae, es necesario comprender mejor su biología cuando este ácaro se alimenta de diferentes plantas hospederas. Se desarrollaron tablas de vida de O. punicae sobre tres plantas hospederas (P. americana cv. Hass, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth [Fabaceae] y Rosa hybrida L. [Rosaceae]) bajo condiciones de laboratorio. El período de desarrollo de las hembras inmaduras difirió entre las plantas hospederas probadas y éste osciló entre 10.09 días sobre P. americana cv. Hass a 12.78 días sobre R. hybrida. Para los machos inmaduros, osciló entre 10.08 días sobre P. americana cv. Hass a 12.80 días sobre R. hybrida. La tasa de fecundidad total más alta de O. punicae se registró sobre P. americana cv. Hass (47.48 huevos/hembra) y la más baja sobre R. hybrida (21.12 huevos/hembra). La mayor tasa intrínseca de incremento (rm ) de O. punicae se registró sobre P. americana cv. Hass (0.240 día⁻¹) y la más baja cuando sobre R. hybrida (0.156 día⁻¹). Los parámetros demográficos sugieren que R. hybrida es inadequada como planta hospedera para el desarrollo de O. punicae y el mejor rendimiento de O. punicae fue sobre P. americana cv. Hass.

Introduction: Solubility is one of the most basic information in a re-crystallization process and in many cases, there are only a few grams (or even mg or mg) of an expensive pharmaceutical or fine chemical to make a large number of crystallization tests. Aim: To develop a computational procedure for prediction of drugs solubility in any mono-solvent and temperature of interest using a minimum number of experimental data points. Methods: For achieving this purpose, here, the available solubility data sets were collected from the recently published articles and selected a minimum data point of each dataset to train a simple model based on the well-known van’t Hoff equation combined with Abraham, Hansen and Catalan parameters as variables presenting the drug-solvent interactions in the solutions. After obtaining the model parameters, the next solubility data in each dataset was predicted by extrapolation method and the accuracy of model was estimated using the computation the mean percentage deviation of the back-calculated data. Results: The model adequately trained using a minimum data point could be used as a practical strategy for predicting the solubility of drugs in mono-solvents at different temperatures with acceptable prediction error and using minimum experimental efforts. Introducción: la solubilidad es una de las informaciones más básicas en un proceso de recristalización y, en muchos casos, solo hay unos pocos gramos (o incluso mg o mg) de un producto farmacéutico o químico fino costoso para realizar una gran cantidad de pruebas de cristalización. Objetivo: desarrollar un procedimiento computacional para la predicción de la solubilidad de los fármacos en cualquier mono-solvente y la temperatura de interés utilizando un número mínimo de puntos de datos experimentales. Método: para lograr este propósito, aquí, los conjuntos de datos de solubilidad disponibles se recopilaron de los artículos publicados recientemente y se seleccionaron puntos de datos mínimos de cada conjunto de datos para entrenar un modelo simple basado en la conocida ecuación de van’t Hoff combinada con los parámetros de Abraham, Hansen, Catalán, como variables de presentación de las interacciones fármaco-disolvente en las soluciones. Después de obtener los parámetros del modelo, los siguientes datos de solubilidad en cada conjunto de datos se predijeron mediante el método de extrapolación y la precisión del modelo se estimó mediante el cálculo de la desviación porcentual media de los datos retrocalculados. Resultados: el modelo entrenado adecuadamente utilizando puntos de datos mínimos podría utilizarse como una estrategia práctica para predecir la solubilidad de fármacos en mono-solventes a diferentes temperaturas con un error de predicción aceptable y utilizando esfuerzos experimentales mínimos. Introdução: a solubilidade é uma das informações mais básicas em um processo de recristalização e, em muitos casos, existem apenas alguns gramas (ou mesmo mg ou mg) de um produto farmacêutico ou químico fino caro para fazer um grande número de testes de cristalização. Objetivo: desenvolver um procedimento computacional para prever a solubilidade de drogas em quaisquer monossolventes e temperatura de interesse usando um número mínimo de pontos de dados experimentais. Métodos: para atingir esse objetivo, aqui, os conjuntos de dados de solubilidade disponíveis foram coletados dos artigos publicados recentemente e selecionados um mínimo de pontos de dados de cada conjunto de dados para treinar um modelo simples baseado na conhecida equação de van’t Hoff combinada com os parâmetros de Abraham, Hansen e Catalan como variáveis apresentando as interações fármaco-solvente nas soluções. Depois de obter os parâmetros do modelo, os próximos dados de solubilidade em cada conjunto de dados foram previstos pelo método de extrapolação e a precisão do modelo foi estimada usando o cálculo do desvio percentual médio dos dados calculados de volta. Resultados: o modelo adequadamente treinado usando um mínimo de pontos de dados pode ser usado como uma estratégia prática para predizer a solubilidade de drogas em monossolventes em diferentes temperaturas com erro de predição aceitável e usando esforços experimentais mínimos.

Los materiales biocompuestos reforzados con fibras naturales ofrecen buenas características mecánicas y reducen el impacto ecológico al desecharlos. Sin embargo, su uso en aplicaciones dinámicas es limitado debido a la falta de estudios sobre su comportamiento vibratorio. En este trabajo, se realizó una caracterización dinámica vibratoria por medio de análisis modal experimental a biocompuestos de fique, evaluando el impacto en los parámetros modales. Los biocompuestos, fabricados con capas de fibra de fique en distribución aleatoria y resina poliéster, presentaron un incremento en la frecuencia natural y alto amortiguamiento. Se sugieren aplicaciones como aislantes de vibración y sonido.  

Este trabajo detalla el diseño y la implementación de una arquitectura de Internet de las Cosas centrada en el monitoreo de temperatura y humedad. La selección estratégica de tecnologías, como Arduino, módulos LoRa, sensor DHT11 y el microcontrolador ESP32, constituye la base del sistema. Se destaca el empleo de Python Flask para desarrollar una interfaz de usuario en la aplicación web, asegurando así una experiencia de usuario fácil y accesible. Además, se enfatiza la implementación de algoritmos modulares y medidas de autenticación para mejorar la escalabilidad y seguridad del sistema. El artículo concluye resaltando los beneficios y la eficacia de la tecnología de código abierto en la adquisición, procesamiento y monitoreo de datos en diferentes escenarios de aplicación. Se proporcionan sugerencias para futuras mejoras, con especial atención a la expansión de la visualización de datos y la monitorización ambiental. Se abordan las limitaciones y ventajas del sistema, destacando su potencial aplicación en áreas remotas o con recursos limitados. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo puedan ser escalados a las diferentes etapas de un proyecto minero de pequeña y mediana escala en los que se requiere monitorear parámetros ambientales que oriente la toma de decisiones, como una metodología de trabajo que esté al alcance de pequeñas agremiaciones y explotación de recursos naturales de manera sostenible.

The effects of relative humidity and diet moisture content level were determined for the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), when reared on an artificial diet (Cenibroca) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Three relative humidity levels (i.e., 65, 75, and 85%) at 3 moisture content levels (i.e., 50, 60, and 70%) were evaluated. This artificial diet has been used routinely for over 5 yr to rear coffee berry borer. The following biological parameters were measured for each treatment diet, i.e., preoviposition period, oviposition and feeding behavior, total progeny production, and reproductive potential. The highest reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase were obtained with Cenibroca diets containing 50% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity, and 60% moisture content level at 75% relative humidity. The lowest reproductive and intrinsic rate of increase occurred using a diet containing 70% moisture content level at 85% relative humidity. Se examinó el efecto de la humedad relativa y niveles de contenido de humedad en la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) cuando se reprodujo en una dieta artificial (Cenibroca) a una temperatura constante de 25 °C. Se evaluó la respuesta de la broca del café bajo 3 niveles de humedades relativas (i.e., 65, 75, y 85%) y 3 niveles de contenido de humedad (i.e., 50, 60, y 70%). Esta dieta artificial se ha venido utilizando rutinariamente para reproducir la broca el café por generaciones sucesivas por más de 5 años. En cada tratamiento se estimaron los siguientes parámetros biológicos, i.e., período de pre-oviposición, comportamiento de oviposición y alimentación, progenie total por hembra y potencial reproductivo. Los valores mas altos de la tasa reproductiva y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento se obtuvieron en los tratamientos con la dieta Cenibroca que contenía 50% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa, y dieta con un 60% niveles de contenido de humedad a 75% humedad relativa. Los valores mas bajos de la tasa reproductiva se encontraron en el tratamiento 70% niveles de contenido de humedad a 85% humedad relativa.

Introduction: Muslim athletes fast from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan, prompting research into how this fasting affects their physiology and performance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric parameters, hematological and inflammatory markers, and metabolic processes in a cohort of athletes, given the inconsistent findings from previous studies and limited focus on immune system effects. Methodology: This research was conducted on 15 fasted Jordanian national players who maintained their regular training sessions. Anthropometry, blood elements, inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and kidney functions were measured the day before and the day after Ramadan fasting. Results: Analyses showed that weight, body fat mass, neutrophils, hematological inflammatory parameters, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower after Ramadan fasting; body mass index, body fat percentage, lean body mass, and blood volume displayed a trend of reduction, while lymphocytes were significantly higher. There were no changes in erythrocyte indices and kidney function tests. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Ramadan fasting leads to weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, and modification in immune response dynamics in athletes. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.

NiO has a variety of applications, mainly in the production of electrochemical sensors and of metallic nickel. In addition, it is widely used as catalysts to produce hydrogen from natural gas. In this work, hydrotalcites based on nickel-aluminum and nickel-zinc-aluminum were synthesized, calcined at 500 °C and studied by different techniques. It was observed that nickel-aluminum hydrotalcites are thermally more stable, collapsing at higher temperatures than hydrotalcites containing zinc. During calcination, aluminum is incorporated into NiO lattice, leading to a decrease in crystallographic parameters. However, zinc decreases this effect, favoring the formation of NiO with lattice parameters close to pure nickel oxide. Zinc also contributes to the formation of smaller NiO particles, which is very useful for its use as a catalyst. In addition, aluminum led to a distortion in NiO lattice, an effect that is minimized by zinc, showing that it hinders the incorporation of Al3+ in the NiO lattice.