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El presente texto se organizó en 16 sesiones de laboratorio, en las que se revisan las técnicas básicas utilizadas en el diagnóstico parasitológico y la identificación de los parásitos más comunes en México. Se trató de consignar la información más relevante de cada uno de los temas estudiados; para ampliar estos contenidos, se recomienda consultar las obras clásicas de parasitología veterinaria referidas en la parte final de este volumen.

(Rafinesque) (Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae) is an invasive snail in the southeastern United States that harms row and specialty crop production. Few effective and sustainable management strategies are available. Little is known of the biology and ecology of the species, including its natural enemies. In 2023, a new, undescribed, species of parasitic mite, sp. (Trombidiformes: Ereynetidae) was discovered infesting wild in St. Lucie County, Florida. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between , sp., and habitat characteristics. were collected from commercial citrus grove, urban, and forest habitats. In each of these habitats, samples were collected from three randomly sampled 1 × 1 × 1 m quadrats from each of five, 50 m transects. The number of snails per m (snail density) was recorded. Shell length and the number of mites present per snail also was recorded. Zero snails were collected from the forest habitat. Snails collected from citrus groves were more numerous, had significantly longer shells, and fewer mites compared to specimens collected from the urban landscape, which were less abundant, smaller, and had heavier mite loads. Sampling date did not significantly affect snail density or shell length, but did significantly affect the number of mites present, with the greatest density of mites per snail observed in June. Our data provide the first description of the abundance of among different habitats and the population dynamics of and sp., and a step towards improved management of throughout its invaded range.

Contextualization: The antiparasitic resistance caused by the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in production animals and pets, has become one of the biggest problems in animal health. For this reason, the use of vaccines could benefit animal health and welfare by controlling emerging zoonotic diseases and foodborne pathogens of animal origin, thus improving public health. Knowledge gap: It is relevant for professionals in veterinary science to know the clinical trials of experimental vaccines for controlling certain gastrointestinal parasites.   This way, they can be at the forefront of the next available technological products and so, be able to control this menace to the animal health and public health.  Purpose: To do a systematic review of clinical trials for experimental vaccines in production animals and pets for diseases caused by gastrointestinal parasites of relevance in animal production and/or public health. Furthermore, it presents the current gastrointestinal antiparasitic vaccines commercialized in different countries and their prophylactic efficacy. Methodology: PRISMA protocols were followed for this systematic review. Articles were obtained from scientific databases with the following keywords: vaccines, clinical trials, commercial vaccines, parasites control, gastrointestinal nematodes, gastrointestinal cestodes, gastrointestinal protozoa, Ascaris suum, Ancylostoma caninum, Cooperia oncophora, Echinococcus granulosus, Eimeria spp., Giardia lamblia, Haemonchus contortus, Osteortagia osteortagi, Taenia solium and Teladorsagia circumcincta.  Only clinical trials of gastrointestinal antiparasitic vaccines in birds, pets, pigs and ruminants were included in this analysis, as well as commercial vaccines currently available for these same parasites.  Results and conclusions: Even though there are important clinical trial studies of vaccines in these animal species (n=101) reported between 1964 to 2020, only five parasites can be prevented/controlled with commercial vaccines used in veterinary medicine: Haemonchus contortus and Echinococcus granulosus in ruminants, Taenia solium in pigs, Eimeria spp. in birds and Giardia lamblia in dogs (e.g., Cysvax™, Barbervax®, Providean® Hidatil EG95, CocciVac® and GiardiaVax™). It is expected that, with the development of bioinformatics and methodologies such as reverse vaccinology, this immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic range will be extended as to control these parasitic agents of great importance in human and animal health.   

El presente texto se organizó en 16 sesiones de laboratorio, en las que se revisan las técnicas básicas utilizadas en el diagnóstico parasitológico y la identificación de los parásitos más comunes en México.

L'article realitza un estudi de cinc contes presents en el llibre de l'escriptor i il·lustrador colombià Luis Carlos Barragán Castro: Parásitos perfectos (2021). Els relats tenen en comú l'expressió dels abastos imaginatius de simbiosis entre éssers humans, animals, insectes, màquines i paràsits en general. Així, després d'un marc teòric dedicat al New Weird, Biopunk i a alguns components del pensament harawayano, l'assaig abordarà l'obra de Luis Carlos Barragán Castro respecte a la idea de simbiosi, la qual permet remeiar la marginalització social de els/as protagonistes i crear simpoéticas parasitàries com a nova forma de política comunitària. The paper carries out a study of five stories present in the book by the Colombian writer and illustrator Luis Carlos Barragán Castro: Parásitos perfectos (2021). The stories have in common the expression of the imaginative reaches of symbiosis between human beings, animals, insects, machines and parasites in general. Thus, after a theoretical framework dedicated to the New Weird, Biopunk and some components of Harawayan thought, the essay will address the work of Luis Carlos Barragán Castro with respect to the idea of symbiosis, which allows remedying the social marginalization of the protagonists and create parasitic sympoetics as a new form of community politics. El artículo realiza un estudio de cinco cuentos presentes en el libro del escritor e ilustrador colombiano Luis Carlos Barragán Castro: Parásitos perfectos (2021). Los relatos tienen en común la expresión de los alcances imaginativos de simbiosis entre seres humanos, animales, insectos, máquinas y parásitos en general. Así, después de un marco teórico dedicado al New Weird, Biopunk y a algunos componentes del pensamiento harawayano, el ensayo abordará la obra de Luis Carlos Barragán Castro con respecto a la idea de simbiosis, la cual permite remediar la marginalización social de los/as protagonistas y crear simpoéticas parasitarias como nueva forma de política comunitaria.

Bumble bees are a group of pollinators that are both ecologically and economically important and declining worldwide. Numerous mechanisms could be behind this decline, and the spread of parasites from commercial colonies into wild populations has been implicated recently in North America. Commercial breeding may lead to declines because commercial colonies may have high parasite loads, which can lead to colonization of native bumble bee populations; commercial rearing may allow higher parasite virulence to evolve; and global movement of commercial colonies may disrupt spatial patterns in local adaptation between hosts and parasites. We assessed parasite virulence, transmission mode, and infectivity. Microparasites and so-called honey bee viruses may pose the greatest threat to native bumble bee populations because certain risk factors are present; for example, the probability of horizontal transmission of the trypanosome parasite Crithidia bombi is high. The microsporidian parasite Nosema bombi may play a role in declines of bumble bees in the United States. Preliminary indications that C. bombi and the neogregarine Apicystis bombi may not be native in parts of South America. We suggest that the development of molecular screening protocols, thorough sanitation efforts, and cooperation among nongovernmental organizations, governments, and commercial breeders might immediately mitigate these threats. Los abejorros son un grupo de polinizadores que son importantes tanto ecológica como económicamente y están declinando en todo el mundo. Hay numerosos mecanismos que pudieran estar detrás de esta declinación, y en Norte América recientemente se ha involucrado a la extensión de parásitos de colonias comerciales hacia poblaciones silvestres. La crianza comercial puede causar declinaciones porque las colonias comerciales pueden tener cargas altas de parásitos, lo que puede llevar a la colonización de poblaciones de abejorros nativos; la crianza comercial puede permitir que evolucione una mayor virulencia de parásitos; y el movimiento global de colonias comerciales puede alterar patrones espaciales en la adaptación local entre huéspedes y parásitos. Evaluamos la virulencia de parásitos, el modo de transmisión y la infectividad. Los microparásitos y los llamados virus de abejas pueden ser la mayor amenaza para las poblaciones de abejorros nativos debido a la presencia de ciertos factores de riesgo; por ejemplo, la probabilidad de transmisión horizontal del tripanosoma parásito Crithidia bombi es alta. El microesporido parásito Nosema bombi puede jugar un papel en las declinaciones de abejorros en los Estados Unidos. Indicaciones preliminares de que C. bombi y el neogregarino Apicystis bombi posiblemente no son nativos en partes de América del Sur. Sugerimos que el desarrollo de protocolos de análisis molecular, esfuerzos de sanidad minuciosos y la cooperación entre organizaciones no gubernamentales, gobiernos y criadores comerciales puede mitigar estas amenazas inmediatamente.

244 specimens of Periplaneta americana Linnaeus from 13 localities of Ica were studied. Nematodes and protozoa were identified. They are Lophomonas blattarum, Leptomonas sp., Leidynema appendiculatum and Hammerschmidtiella diesingi. Also, parasites of man were found, three of which are pathogenic: Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium sp.

Las patologías causadas por grupos microbianos generan riesgos en la salud de perros y gatos domésticos, lo que tiene un potencial zoonótico y produce afecciones en seres humanos. De acuerdo con lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los principales microorganismos causantes de patologías clínicas en perros y gatos domésticos mediante la revisión de historias clínicas en una clínica veterinaria de Valledupar, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con historias clínicas de perros y gatos ingresados durante 2017 y 2018 a la clínica veterinaria \"Mis mejores amigos\", ubicada en la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia. Con base en la información se aplicó un análisis descriptivo, explicativo y estadístico, este último mediante una correlación de Sperman para evaluar relación entre raza, sexo, edad, grupo microbiano y patología-patógeno. De un total 462 reportes de caninos y felinos ingresados a la clínica, se obtuvieron 273 diagnósticos. El 4% de los felinos y el 24 % de los caninos presentaban afecciones por algún grupo microbiano. Los microorganismos más prevalentes en caninos fueron Ancylostoma spp. (9%) Entamoeba histolytica (5%) Ehrlichia spp. (5%) e Isospora sp. (5%), mientras que en felinos fueron Haemobartonella felis (20%) y Haemobartonella spp. (17%). Se determinó que solo existe correlación entre la edad de felinos y el grupo microbiano que los afecta, además de la patología presentada con el patógeno. Se observó un alto porcentaje de Ancylostoma sp. (9%) en caninos de las razas mestiza y French Poodle, y, por otro lado, en felinos se identificó la bacteria Haemobartonella felis en 20% de los sujetos de raza mestiza.

Background: The common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) is a generalist species that hosts several parasites. Nevertheless, no information is available on the specific parasites that this species may host when it inhabits urban areas. Objective: To evaluate the presence and frequency of gastrointestinal parasites of urban opossums in the Aburrá Valley, Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: A total of 70 opossums were captured in six protected urban areas using Tomahawk traps during six months. From these animals we obtained 65 fecal samples which were fixed wit SAF solution and analyzed with direct smear and sedimentation techniques. Results: Sixty-one samples were positive for, at least, one parasite (93.9%) and 60 were positive for two or more parasites, averaging five parasites per animal. We observed nematodes in 58 samples (89.2%), protozoa in 46 samples (70.7%), acanthocephalans in 29 samples (44.6%), and cestodes in eight samples (12.3%). The most frequent parasite was Aspidodera spp. in 80% of the samples. In addition, this is the first study reporting the presence of eggs of Toxocara spp., Hymenolepis spp., an Oxyuridae parasite, and coccidians Eimeria didelphidis, E. caluromydis, and E. marmosopos in D. marsupialis. The latter is also reported in Colombia for the first time. Toxacara spp. is common to dogs and cats, while Hymenolepis and Oxiuridae are common to rodents. We found no association between parasites and sex or life stage of opossums, nor to the urban area of origin. Conclusions: Urban opossums in the Aburrá Valley host a high frequency and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites compared to other areas in Latin America. Some parasites are reported here for the first time.