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Lentil yield is a complicated quantitative trait; it is significantly influenced by the environment. It is crucial for improving human health and nutritional security in the country as well as for a sustainable agricultural system. The study was laid out to determine the stable genotype through the collaboration of G × E by AMMI and GGE biplot and to identify the superior genotypes using 33 parametric and non-parametric stability statistics of 10 genotypes across four different conditions. The total G × E effect was divided into two primary components by the AMMI model. For days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and hundred seed weight, IPCA1 was significant and accounted for 83%, 75%, 100%, and 62%, respectively. Both IPCA1 and IPCA2 were non-significant for yield per plant and accounted for 62% of the overall G × E interaction. An estimated set of eight stability parameters showed strong positive correlations with mean seed yield, and these measurements can be utilized to choose stable genotypes. The productivity of lentils has varied greatly in the environment, ranging from 786 kg per ha in the MYM environment to 1658 kg per ha in the ISD environment, according to the AMMI biplot. Three genotypes (G8, G7, and G2) were shown to be the most stable based on non-parametric stability scores for grain yield. G8, G7, G2, and G5 were determined as the top lentil genotypes based on grain production using numerical stability metrics such as Francis’s coefficient of variation, Shukla stability value (σi2), and Wrick’s ecovalence (Wi). Genotypes G7, G10, and G4 were the most stable with the highest yield, according to BLUP-based simultaneous selection stability characteristics. The findings of graphic stability methods such as AMMI and GGE for identifying the high-yielding and stable lentil genotypes were very similar. While the GGE biplot indicated G2, G10, and G7 as the most stable and high-producing genotypes, AMMI analysis identified G2, G9, G10, and G7. These selected genotypes would be used to release a new variety. Considering all the stability models, such as Eberhart and Russell’s regression and deviation from regression, additive main effects, multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis, and GGE, the genotypes G2, G9, and G7 could be used as well-adapted genotypes with moderate grain yield in all tested environments.

Breeding programmes increasingly rely on head-to-head comparisons to inform stakeholders about the optimal cultivar for local conditions. This study implemented and evaluated a practical, transparent Excel® framework for assessing cotton cultivar competitiveness by evaluating seven cultivars against a commercial check at three winning margins (exceeding the check and beating it by more than 2.5% and 10% of the environment mean) over 36 environments. By utilising non-parametric statistical formulas in Microsoft Excel®, we calculated three competitiveness indices (W0, W2.5, and W10) to measure the probability of cultivars outperforming the commercial check. Additionally, scores were calculated to determine how often each cultivar ranked in the top, middle, and bottom third in each test, leading to the creation of two indices, namely Top and Mid. Two genotypes showed a higher probability of winning (≥53% of the time). On the other hand, for the minor (2.5%) yield difference, only one cultivar (cv. G3) outperformed the check in 19 of the 36 environments (53% of the time) and occurred mostly in the top third (58% of the time). Because the 10% threshold proved unrealistic for near-commercial cultivars, we propose replacing it with a user-defined economic threshold. This methodology effectively quantified the probability of the cultivar’s specific and general competitiveness in a format easily interpretable by decision-makers. The three indices W0, W2.5, and Top were associated with the dynamic concept of stability, whereas the index Mid was related to static and dynamic concepts.

An assessment of the stability and adaptability of released varieties is needed to ensure their potential. Analysis of both approaches can be performed through PBSTAT-GE. However, the application of PBSTAT-GE in combination with index selection for elucidating stability and adaptability in hybrid maize has not been reported in depth. Therefore, this study aimed to identify suitable high-yielding maize hybrids based on stability and adaptability analyses using PBSTAT-GE software followed by index selection. The study was conducted in eight locations having different agro-climates in 2023, including eight test hybrids and two check varieties. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications in each environment, so there are 300 experimental units in this study. This study focused on the grain yield, which was analyzed for potential stability and adaptability in the PBSTAT-GE. Based on the results of this study, PBSTAT-GE has the potential to be applied for comprehensive stability and adaptability analysis. The max–min standardization-based accumulation index can combine parametric stability-based assessment, non-parametric stability, and productivity potential of a genotype. Based on this approach, MAI-UH 08 and MAI-UH 03 are recommended for hybrid maize variety release with good stability and adaptability potential in both. In addition, lines MAI-UH 01, MAI-UH 02, and MAI-UH 05 can be recommended in Tomohon and Boyolali based on good adaptability potential. In conclusion, PBSTAT-GE is highly suitable and recommended for stability and adaptability analysis in identifying high-yielding maize hybrids, especially using a max–min standardization-based accumulation index.

This paper presents a study of the isosceles problem resulting by a perturbation of Euler’s collinear solution under Newtonian gravitational attraction of three bodies in space. After the Hamiltonian was obtained, a circumference of relative equilibria points was found. The original system was subsequently reduced to another system with two degrees of freedom, periodic in the time, where there is now a single point of equilibrium. Linear and parametric stability were discussed in this simplified model of the three-body problem.

Late blight (LB) is the main potato disease worldwide and one of the most important ways to control it is the use of resistant varieties. Twenty-two potato clones from the B3 breeding population developed by the International Potato Center with high resistance to the disease and two susceptible controls were inoculated with four Peruvian complex isolates (POX67, PPA61, PLL69, and PPI112) of Phytophthora infestans, with complex virulence on potato. Whole plant inoculation assays were carried out under greenhouse and humid chamber conditions in Lima, Peru, and data obtained were correlated with data from field assays carried out in Oxapampa (Pasco), a CIP breeding site in the Peruvian rain forest. High significant correlations (α = 0.01) were found in the resistance to LB shown by potato clones, the values of the correlations under greenhouse conditions between the isolates POX67, PPA61, and PLL69 with the resistance in the field were r = 0.93, 0.92 and 0.80, respectively and under humid chamber conditions were r = 0.94, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Moderate correlations were found between resistance in the field and in the greenhouse (r = 0.69) and the field and in humid chamber conditions (r = 0.77) for inoculations with PPI112 isolate. The twenty-two clones tested in this study showed phenotypic stability for LB resistance according to non-parametric analysis.

At great depths, tunnel openings experience a tectonic stress field rather than overburden stress. This paper aims to examine the impact of different in situ stress ratios and multiple tunnel depths below the surface on the excavation induced-stresses and displacements around tunnel openings. Thus, a series of models has been built, using a two-dimensional elasto-plastic finite-elements code, RS2D, to conduct parametric stability analysis. The performance of tunnel opening is examined by evaluating the induced stress-deformation around the opening. The results indicate that ratio of wall convergence, roof sag and floor heave increase as in situ stress ratio and tunnel depth below surface increase. Additionally, the induced-stresses increase as depth and state of in situ stress increase. In addition, the extent of yielding zones into rock mass around tunnel roof and floor deteriorates as tunnel depth and in situ stress ratio increase. Moreover, the normal stress along rock joints is sharply dropped when joints pass in the vicinity of tunnel opening (e.g., centre of opening). As well, the direction of shear stress along joints is reversed. Consequently, inward shear displacement of rock, on the underside of the weakness plane, is produced as a result of slip occurrence.

We consider the dynamics of an infinitesimal particle under the gravitational action of P primaries of equal masses. These move in an elliptic homographic solution of the P-body problem and the infinitesimal particle moves along the straight line perpendicular to their plane of motion and passing through the common focus of the ellipses. In this work we consider the parametric stability of the infinitesimal mass located at the focus of the ellipses. We construct the boundary curves of the stability/instability regions in the plane of the parameters μ and ϵ , which are the mass of each primary and the eccentricity of the elliptic orbit, respectively.

This study investigates the effects of multiphase internal flows that consider hydrate phase transitions on the parametric stability of marine risers. A numerical model of the multiphase internal flow that considers a hydrate phase transition is established. The model first solves the flow parameters and subsequently obtains the natural frequencies of risers with different gas intake ratios. The stability charts of marine risers with different gas intake ratios are plotted by applying Floquet theory, and the effects of the gas intake ratio on the instability and vibration response of the risers are identified. The natural frequency increases with an increase in the gas intake ratio; thus, instability zones move to higher frequency ranges in the stability charts. As the increasing gas intake ratio reduces the damping effect of the Coriolis force, the critical amplitude of the heave in the unstable region decreases, especially when hydrodynamic damping is not considered. As a result, higher-order unstable regions are excited. When in an unstable region, the vibration response curve of a riser with a high gas intake ratio excited by parametric resonance diverges quickly due to parametric resonance.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of pillars located on level #3 at Nohyun limestone mine that uses the room-and-pillar method. The mine is located at South of Cheongju city, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. A series of two-dimensional elasto-plastic finite-difference models has been constructed using FLAC2D software. Factor of safety (FOS) is then calculated using fish-code (“solve FOS”), an internal command of FLAC built on a shear strength reduction technique. The results are presented and discussed in terms of stress state, deformation, and factor of safety with respect to mining sequence, mining depth, and mineshaft width. The results reveal that the stability of pillars deteriorates when level #3 is entirely mined out after extracting level #2 (i.e., FOS = 1.33 to 1.55). In addition, the safety of pillars is sharply dropped (i.e., FOS = 1.16 to 1.33) when mining depth extends to 15 m; and similarly, width of mineshaft increases by 2 m. Also, a comparison of calculation of safety factor, FOS, employing numerical modelling (i.e., FOS = 1.16 to 1.86), and analytical methods (i.e., FOS = 7.35 to 36.36) has revealed that numerical modelling is more conservative from a design point of view. The study also indicates that the overall mine stability is influenced by the discordance in the pillar arrangement between adjacent levels. Therefore, it is recommended that the pillar design should be dictated by the inclination of the orebody.

PurposeThis paper analyzes the stability of a spring-attached sandwich beam with pinned–pinned support and viscoelastic springs at both the ends subjected to an axial compressive periodic load. The beam is asymmetric and pre-twisted. This system is an entirely new system that will provide the highest strength to weight ratio among all other systems in use.MethodsThe analysis has been done employing Hamilton’s principle. A set of Hill’s equations have been derived from which the eigenvectors and natural frequencies are obtained. Finally, both static and dynamic stability analysis have been developed by Saito–Otomi conditions.Results and ConclusionThe outcome of various dimensionless geometric, as well as material parameters such as stiffness of spring attachment, mass of spring attachment, length and position of spring attachment on both the stabilities, have been studied. The effect of the end viscoelastic springs on the stability is investigated. From this analysis, it has been concluded that the attached spring on the system has a significant contribution in raising the strength to weight ratio and stability. The viscoelastic springs also contribute to upsurge the stability of the beam.