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Les temporalités du projet et du devenir parent : Une lecture par la sociologie du parcours et de la parentalité tardive
Research Framework: Starting in the 1970s, contraception gave women and couples greater control over when and how to become a family. Around it, a broader transformation of the couple, the family and human lives and existences took place, imposing new constraints, especially temporal ones, on contemporary begetting. At the center of this new normative model, the conjugal project and parenthood are no longer immediately self-evident, and we describe how they emerge and are realized, or not.Objective: To shed light on these new temporal constraints, the article will look at late parenthood, i.e. having a child at an “advanced” age (over 40 for women). As “late parenthood”, it is a good indicator of the new constraints and demands that are weighing on contemporary childbearing. As a “later-in-life” parenthood and under pressure of the “biological clock”, it exacerbates and makes visible logics that are usually diluted in everyday life. In this way, late parenthood is a good indicator of contemporary forms of begetting.Methodology: The original survey was based on statistical analysis and 49 biographical interviews with parents from different generations. This article takes up the main results of the survey and discusses them in the light of recent literature and through the prism of life courses’ sociology.Results: This article highlights the plasticity of the forms of transaction that enable people to enter into a project of begetting and becoming parents. Begetting cannot be reduced to a ballistic schema. We need to think of it as a performative process: hazards, events and interpretations can induce bifurcations or reformulations, making it possible to becoming parents. It underlines the importance of age, which, far from being forgotten, is a benchmark calculated and mobilized by women, men and couples, to situate themselves and act in the course of their lives and existences.Conclusion: The article highlights the need to think about contemporary begetting in terms of constraints but also of agency and, more broadly, in terms of models of achievement.Contribution: The proposed analysis of the normative model of begetting, its temporal framing and the transactions between spouses is a contribution to a sociology of human lives and existences.
Journal Article
New Parents' Facebook Use at the Transition to Parenthood
New parents' Facebook use was examined from a social capital perspective. Surveys regarding Facebook use and parenting satisfaction, parenting self-efficacy, and parenting stress were completed by 154 mothers and 150 fathers as part of a larger study of dual-earner, Midwestern U.S. couples making the transition to parenthood. Results indicated that mothers used Facebook more than fathers, and that mothers perceived an increase in use over the transition. When more of mothers' Facebook friends were family members or relatives, and when fathers reported connecting with more of their Facebook friends outside of Facebook, they reported better parental adjustment. For mothers, however, more frequent visits to Facebook accounts and more frequent content management were each associated with higher levels of parenting stress.
Journal Article
Voluntarily childfree : identity and kinship in the United States
\"In Voluntarily Childfree, Shelly Volsche examines why people choose to remain childfree and what it means to make a life worth living. As the first anthropological study of the childfree, this book is for readers who want to understand those who view parenthood as a choice\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Parental motivations of Poles aged 20–26 – a pilot study
Introduction: Starting a family and becoming a parent are elements of human life closely related to motivations and personal experiences, which can be both positive and negative. The main objective of this study was to identify and analyze the parental motivations of Poles aged 20–26.Materials and methods: The study involved 312 individuals aged 20–26 (mean age: 22.6 ±1.87). The diagnostic survey method was employed, using a questionnaire as the research tool. This questionnaire comprised a standardized test, the parental motives questionnaire – short version (CBQ-SF), and an original questionnaire (AKA).Results: The score for positive motivations is significantly lower in women (p = 0.0002; median in female group = 37, median in male group = 43.5), as is the overall intensity of parental motivations (p = 0.0052; median in female group = 5, median in male group = 13). Additionally, older study participants exhibited higher scores for negative motivations to have children (p < 0.0001; rho = –0.123) and higher parental motivation scores regarding parental intentions (p < 0.0001; rho = 0.220). Respondents with a higher education level, particularly those with a master’s degree, showed higher parental motivation scores in terms of parental intentions compared to those with lower education levels (p = 0.004; median in the group with a master’s degree = 7, median in the group with a batchelor’s degree = 6.6, median in the group with primary or secondary education = 3).Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors, such as age, sex, place of upbringing, and level of education, significantly impact the motivation of young Poles to have children. Additionally, an important aspect of parental motivation is the pro-family policy in the respondent’s country of residence.
Journal Article
Do hiring practices penalize women and benefit men for having children? Experimental evidence from Germany
Although observational studies from many countries have consistently shown that motherhood negatively affects women’s wages, experimental findings on its effect on the likelihood of being hired are less conclusive. Motherhood penalties in hiring have been reported in the US, the prototypical liberal market economy, but not in Sweden, the prototypical social-democratic welfare state. Based on a field experiment in Germany, this study examines the effects of parenthood on hiring processes in the prototypical conservative welfare state. My findings indicate that job recruitment processes indeed penalize women but not men for having children. In addition to providing theoretical explanations for why motherhood penalties in hiring are particularly likely to occur in the German context, this study also highlights several methodological and practical issues that should be considered when conducting correspondence studies to examine labor market discrimination.
Journal Article
The metamorphoses of kinship
\"With marriage in decline, divorce on the rise, the demise of the nuclear family, and the increase in marriages and adoptions among same-sex partners, it is clear that the structures of kinship in the modern West are in a state of flux. In the Metamorphoses of Kinship, the world-renowned anthropologist Maurice Godelier contextualizes these developments, surveying the accumulated experience of humanity with regard to such phenomena as the organization of lines of descent, sexuality and sexual prohibitions. In parallel, Godelier studies the evolution of Western conjugal and familial traditions from their roots in the nineteenth century to the present. The conclusion he draws is that it is never the case that a man and a woman are sufficient on their own to raise a child, and nowhere are relations of kinship or the family the keystone of society. Godelier argues that the changes of the last thirty years do not herald the disappearance or death agony of kinship, but rather its remarkable metamorphosis--one that, ironically, is bringing us closer to the 'traditional' societies studied by ethnologists.\"--Jacket.
Book
Let Our Bodies Change the Subject
Let Our Bodies Change the Subject is a poetry collection that dives headlong into the terrifying, wondrous, sleep-deprived existence of being a parent in twenty-first-century America. In clear, dynamic verses that disarm then strike, Jared Harél investigates our days through the keyhole of domesticity, through personal lyrics and cultural reckonings. Whether taking a family trip to Coney Island or simply showing his son snowflakes on Inauguration morning, Harél guides us toward moments of intimacy and understanding, humor and grief. \"I will try,\" he admits, \"to be better than myself, which is all/I've ever wanted and everything I need.\" Winner of the Raz/Shumaker Prairie Schooner Book Prize in Poetry, Let Our Bodies Change the Subject is a secular prayer. Hoping against hope, Harél works to reconcile feelings of luck and loss, of living for joy while fearing the worst.
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