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Patrons and Patron Saints in Early Modern English Literature
This book visits the fact that, in the pre-modern world, saints and lords served structurally similar roles, acting as patrons to those beneath them on the spiritual or social ladder with the word \"patron\" used to designate both types of elite sponsor. Chapman argues that this elision of patron saints and patron lords remained a distinctive feature of the early modern English imagination and that it is central to some of the key works of literature in the period. Writers like Jonson, Shakespeare, Spenser, Drayton, Donne and, Milton all use medieval patron saints in order to represent and to challenge early modern ideas of patronage -- not just patronage in the narrow sense of the immediate economic relations obtaining between client and sponsor, but also patronage as a society-wide system of obligation and reward that itself crystallized a whole culture's assumptions about order and degree. The works studied in this book -- ranging from Shakespeare's 2 Henry VI, written early in the 1590s, to Milton's Masque Performed at Ludlow Castle, written in 1634 -- are patronage works, either aimed at a specific patron or showing a keen awareness of the larger patronage system. This volume challenges the idea that the early modern world had shrugged off its own medieval past, instead arguing that Protestant writers in the period were actively using the medieval Catholic ideal of the saint as a means to represent contemporary systems of hierarchy and dependence. Saints had been the ideal -- and idealized -- patrons of the medieval world and remained so for early modern English recusants. As a result, their legends and iconographies provided early modern Protestant authors with the perfect tool for thinking about the urgent and complex question of who owed allegiance to whom in a rapidly changing world.
eBook
Saint and nation : Santiago, Teresa of Avila, and plural identities in early modern Spain
In early seventeenth-century Spain, the Castilian parliament voted to elevate the newly beatified Teresa of Avila to co-patron saint of Spain alongside the traditional patron, Santiago. Saint and Nation examines Spanish devotion to the cult of saints and the controversy over national patron sainthood to provide an original account of the diverse ways in which the early modern nation was expressed and experienced by monarch and town, center and periphery. By analyzing the dynamic interplay of local and extra-local, royal authority and nation, tradition and modernity, church and state, and masculine and feminine within the co-patronage debate, Erin Rowe reconstructs the sophisticated balance of plural identities that emerged in Castile during a central period of crisis and change in the Spanish world.
eBook
Clients and constituents : political responsiveness in patronage democracies
\"Existing work suggests that legislators in countries like India should spend little time engaging with individual citizens and, if they do, should focus their attention on co-partisans. Yet, there is anecdotal evidence that these politicians actually spend substantial time assisting individual citizens with access to basic state services. In this book, I show that helping individual voters is a key part of these representatives' activities and that, in contrast with existing expectations, they do not generally discriminate against their non-copartisans in providing assistance. Yet, this constituency service differs from that observed in Western democracies, as it arises from the partisan nature of distribution at the local level. Thus, Indian politicians are more accountable to citizens than we previously expected, but this accountability is linked to, and constrained by, the character of patronage-based politics\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Military Saints in Byzantium and Rus, 900–1200
The rulers of the Byzantine Empire and its commonwealth were protected both by their own soldiers and by a heavenly army: the military saints. The transformation of Saints George, Demetrios, Theodore and others into the patrons of imperial armies was one of the defining developments of religious life under the Macedonian emperors. This book provides a comprehensive study of military sainthood and its roots in late antiquity. The emergence of the cults is situated within a broader social context, in which mortal soldiers were equated with martyrs and martyrs of the early Church recruited to protect them on the battlefield. Dr White then traces the fate of these saints in early Rus, drawing on unpublished manuscripts and other under-utilised sources to discuss their veneration within the princely clan and their influence on the first native saints of Rus, Boris and Gleb, who eventually joined the ranks of their ancient counterparts.
eBook
Qatar : the practice of rented power
\"This book explains the parameters of Qatar's political growth by developing an alternative theory of power - 'rented' power. The author demonstrates how Qatar's emergence as a regional power can be solely explained by its capacity as a gas-rich rentier state. By using Qatar as an empirical case study of the 'rented' power theory, readers will gain insight into Qatar's engagement with non-state actors (political Islam, tribes, media, sports, and others) to wield its power, allowing Qatar to 'rent' the well-established influence of non-state actors due to their transnational nature. The Qatari case demonstrates a state's ability to establish a patron-client relationship with non-state actors, overcoming limitations set by size or military strength to gain international influence. This book is accessible to a wide readership: it will be of interest of scholars, postgraduates, journalists, and policy experts, and a general audience whose interests include the politics of the Middle East and the GCC states particularly\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Constitutional and Procedural Aspects of the Assignment of Patron Saints in the Public Space in France
A secular republic is a model of a state that recognizes the separation of public authority from church authority. This constitutional solution charac-terizes France. In the essence of the relations between the state and churches that are prevalent in France, the separation of these entities is justified by the rejection of what can divide the national community or reduce the cohesion of the nation. Case of France is very interesting and even paradoxal. The principle of secularism of the state functioning for more than a century, and has been supplemented over time by the principle of neutrality of the public service. However, France respects the hundreds of years of its historical legacy and tra-dition in which religion (Catholicism) has a prominent place. It is manifested in the very numerous public places referring to patron saints. The paper provides an explanation of this complicated issue. In addition to constitutional issues, the article discusses the procedural aspects of assignment public places the names of patron saints. The dominant method of analysis is the dogmatic-legal method.
Journal Article
Votes for survival : relational clientelism in Latin America
\"Many politicians across the world deliver material benefits to citizens in direct exchange for political support. Recent news headlines provide a glimpse of this phenomenon\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Saints and Non-Saints. Patronage in Hanging Cultural and Political Conditions
Patrons have played a very important role in the past not only in re-ligious terms, but also as a keystone connecting local communities and even dif-ferent countries. They therefore influenced international relations. Today, they still play a role at the local and regional government or school levels. They are an element that integrates local communities. This analysis is an attempt to define the phenomenon of patronage and to analyze the cultural and political dimension of the phenomenon, showing how religious, political, and ideological issues have affected the perception and the cultural and political role of patron-age in history. Each historical period gave the function of “patronage” its own peculiar feature and the purpose of this paper is to show the phenomenon of the formation of historical memory through the veneration of “saint and non-saint” patrons and to grasp the causes and nature of changes in the perception of patronage.
Journal Article