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WO3-based electrochemical transistors (ECTs) are recognized as candidates for three-terminal memristors due to their high on–off ratio, long retention time, and rapid switching speed. However, their patterned fabrication often relies on complex vacuum systems or extreme processing conditions, hindering cost-effective scalability. Here, we developed a novel wet etching technique integrated with sol–gel-derived WO3 channels, enabling ambient-air fabrication of Nafion-WO3 ECTs. The wet-etched devices achieve an on–off ratio of ~105, surpassing unetched and dry-etched counterparts by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, they exhibit exceptional paired-pulse facilitation and long-term stability, maintaining 12 distinct conductance states for 103 s, and an on–off ratio of ~102 over 25 read–write cycles. XPS result shows higher W5+ content and M-O-H bond proportion for wet-etched devices, revealing an optimized interface, with enhanced H+ injection efficiency. The simulated artificial neural network using this wet-etched ECT shows ~97% recognition accuracy for handwritten numerals. This approach offers a novel patterning strategy for developing cost-effective, high-performance neuromorphic devices.

This study focuses on creating micro-nano structures on the surface of 304 stainless steel using nanosecond lasers to achieve superhydrophobicity for fog water collection experiments in a fog chamber. By adjusting pattern parameters, an uneven wettability surface was processed, and six samples were placed at different positions in the chamber to study water collection efficiency from various surfaces. The experimental results indicate that the water collection efficiency of the patterned superhydrophobic surface is superior to that of the original surface, with the front sample collecting 0.4524 ± 0.005 g of water, representing a 90.38% improvement. As the kinetic energy of the fog flow gradually diminishes, a total of 1.1913 ± 0.005 g of water was collected, achieving a 60.25% improvement. The study also investigates the durability and optimal temperature conditions for fog water collection, ultimately achieving 1.4781 ± 0.005 g of water collection in a 5 °C fog environment, resulting in a 98.83% enhancement.

Paper has been present in the world of analytical chemistry for centuries, but it seems that just a few years back it was rediscovered as a valuable substrate for sensors. We can easily list some of the countless advantages of this simple cellulosic substrate, including mechanical properties, three-dimensional fibrous structure, biocompatibility and biodegradability, easiness of production and modification, reasonable price, and availability all over the world. Those characteristics make paper a first-choice substrate for disposable sensors and integrated sensing platforms. Nowadays, numerous examples of paper-based sensors are being presented in the literature. This review describes some of the most prominent examples classifying them by type of detection: optical (colorimetric, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and transmittance methods) and electrochemical (voltammetric, potentiometric, and conductivity-based methods). We take a closer look at recent advances in immunoassays fabricated on paper, excluding simple lateral flow tests assembled on nitrocellulose. This review also summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of the use of paper as a substrate for sensors, as well as its impact on their performance and application, presents a short history of paper in analytical chemistry, and discusses fabrication methods and available sources of paper.

The 2D van der Waals crystals have shown great promise as potential future electronic materials due to their atomically thin and smooth nature, highly tailorable electronic structure, and mass production compatibility through chemical synthesis. Electronic devices, such as field effect transistors (FETs), from these materials require patterning and fabrication into desired structures. Specifically, the scale up and future development of “2D”-based electronics will inevitably require large numbers of fabrication steps in the patterning of 2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). This is currently carried out via multiple steps of lithography, etching, and transfer. As 2D devices become more complex (e.g., numerous 2D materials, more layers, specific shapes, etc.), the patterning steps can become economically costly and time consuming. Here, we developed a method to directly synthesize a 2D semiconductor, monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), in arbitrary patterns on insulating SiO₂/Si via seed-promoted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and substrate engineering. This method shows the potential of using the prepatterned substrates as a master template for the repeated growth of monolayer MoS₂ patterns. Our technique currently produces arbitrary monolayer MoS₂ patterns at a spatial resolution of 2 μm with excellent homogeneity and transistor performance (room temperature electron mobility of 30 cm² V−1 s−1 and on–off current ratio of 10⁷). Extending this patterning method to other 2D materials can provide a facile method for the repeatable direct synthesis of 2D materials for future electronics and optoelectronics.

In semiconductor manufacturing, defect inspection in non-patterned wafer production lines is essential to ensure high-quality integrated circuits. However, in actual production lines, achieving both high efficiency and high sensitivity at the same time is a significant challenge due to their mutual constraints. To achieve a reasonable trade-off between detection efficiency and sensitivity, this paper integrates the time delay integration (TDI) technology into dark-field microscopy. The TDI image sensor is utilized instead of a photomultiplier tube to realize multi-point simultaneous scanning. Experiments illustrate that the increase in the number of TDI stages and reduction in the column fixed pattern noise effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of particle defects without sacrificing the detecting efficiency.

Graphene exhibits exceptional electronic properties, superior mechanical strength, and remarkable flexibility, driving significant advances in flexible electronics. However, achieving high-precision patterned graphene via in situ fabrication for such applications remains challenging, limiting the development of graphene-based flexible devices. In this study, we successfully synthesized patterned graphene with high precision by substrate surface oxidation technology. The effect of substrate surface oxidation on patterned graphene growth was deeply investigated. By regulating the oxidation time, we precisely controlled the oxidation degree of the substrate and characterized the boundary precision between oxidized and unoxidized regions. Finally, we achieved the high-precision in situ fabrication of patterned graphene with a feature size of 0.5 μm on selectively oxidized substrates. Furthermore, we fabricated a flexible fluorescent device based on patterned graphene, demonstrating the pronounced fluorescence quenching effect of graphene (IGr-free/IGr-cov ≈ 3).

Lead halide perovskites have received considerable attention from researchers over the past several years due to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties, because of which they can be a versatile platform for fundamental science research and applications. Patterned structures based on lead halide perovskites have much more novel properties compared with their more commonly seen bulk‐, micro‐, and nano‐crystals, such as improvement in antireflection, light‐scattering effects, and light absorption, as a result of their adjustability of spatial distributions. However, there are many challenges yet to be resolved in this field, such as insufficient patterned resolution, imperfect crystal quality, complicated preparation process, and so on. To pave the way to solve these problems, we provide a systematic presentation of current methods for fabricating lead halide perovskite patterned structures, including thermal imprint, use of etching films, two‐step vapor‐phase growth, template‐confined solution growth, and seed‐assisted growth. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elaborated in detail. In addition, thanks to the extraordinary properties of lead halide perovskite patterned structures, a variety of potential applications in optics and optoelectronics of these structures are described. Lastly, we put forward existing challenges and prospects in this exciting field.

This work demonstrates the fabrication of electrically tunable films of graphene oxide (GO). GO thin films were deposited and micropatterned on a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrate using a plasma-enhanced liftoff technique. This article discusses thermal, chemical, and photoreduction methods for controlling the electrical conductivity of the patterned film. The patterned graphene oxide films were used to manipulate cells after embedding them in a microfluidic channel. Cells were manipulated under dielectrophoresis (DEP) using patterned reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films with varying electrical conductivities. The non-uniform electric field required for DEP was created either by arranging and shaping a set of electrodes (eDEP) or by simply implementing low conductivity rGO as an insulator between two metal electrodes (iDEP). Graphical Abstract

Patterned microstructure arrays are widely used in flexible electronics, optics, and biosensing, yet fabrication still relies on costly, process‐intensive methods (e.g., photolithography) with limited reconfigurability. In this work, we introduce a method for the selective deposition of charged droplets via residual‐charge‐induced electric field control (SDREC), enabling microstructure‐array patterning with a resolution of 20 µm through the controlled assembly of charged microdroplets on silk fibroin surfaces. As a proof of concept, a programmable 5×5 pixel array was fabricated, demonstrating reversibility through erasure and rewriting. By transferring the patterned microstructures onto a shape memory polymer, we further achieved information storage and optical encryption/decryption. In addition, pre‐deposition of silver nanoparticles within the patterned areas enabled the fabrication of silver electrodes. Overall, the SDREC strategy offers advantages such as high resolution, structural reconfigurability, and multifunctionality, providing a promising approach for the rapid construction of high‐precision microstructured devices. A residual‐charge‐induced electric field control (SDREC) strategy enables the fabrication of patterned microstructure arrays with a resolution of 20 µm via the selective deposition of charged droplets. The resulting arrays exhibit reversible writing/erasing, optical encryption, and selective silver electrode formation, offering a versatile route to multifunctional microstructured devices.

A novel screen-printed microfluidic paper-based analytical device with all-carbon electrode-enabled electrochemical assay (SP-ACE-EC-μPAD) has been developed. The fabrication of these devices involved wax screen-printing, which was simple, low-cost and energy-efficient. The working, counter and reference electrodes were screen-printed using carbon ink on the patterned paper devices. Different wax screen-printing processes were examined and optimized, which led to an improved method with a shorter heating time (~5 s) and a lower heating temperature (75 °C). Different printing screens were examined, with a 300-mesh polyester screen yielding the highest quality wax screen-prints. The carbon electrodes were screen-printed on the μPADs and then examined using cyclic voltammetry. The analytical performance of the SP-ACE-EC-μPADs for the detection of glucose and uric acid in standard solutions was investigated. The results were reproducible, with a linear relationship [R 2  = 0.9987 (glucose) or 0.9997 (uric acid)] within the concentration range of interest, and with detection limits as low as 0.35 mM (glucose) and 0.08 mM (uric acid). To determine the clinical utility of the μPADs, chronoamperometry was used to analyze glucose and uric acid in real urine samples using the standard addition method. Our devices were able to detect the analytes of interest in complex real-world biological samples, and have the potential for use in a wide variety of applications.