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Purpose - The objective of this study was to identify which operating indicators contribute to a relevant evaluation of performance that impacts the sustainability and success of hotel companies. The success of any hotel business depends on the ability of managers to monitor the operations. Since, operating indicators are powerful tools that enable better performance and have increased with changes in the hotel market, working practices, and sustainability standards imposed by several organizations, the identification of the indicators that should be included in the performance evaluation is imperative. Consequently, evaluating a hotel's performance using the most reliable operating indicators is crucial to guaranteeing its success. Methodology - A hybrid methodology was adopted, using three sources of evidence, scientific articles, hotel consultancy firms, and professional books in the field of hospitality management accounting. Findings - This study concluded that key performance indicators (KPI) provide valid information for any hotel, helping to monitor and evaluate performance. In this way, 55 operating indicators were presented that are helpful for any hotel manager, due to their ease of use, and allowing the comparison of the performance of hotels. Also, the great lack of relationship between scientific literature and hotel practice was reduced by this paper considerably. Originality of the research - There is a gap between the operating indicators used in theory and in practice. This study links the use of indicators at a practical level with the most used at a theoretical level. Some theoretical indicators are more complete and richer in information which contribute to a relevant performance evaluation with an impact on the sustainability and success of hotel companies.

Large construction firms execute management control in preparation for a fast-paced business environment, but small ones are unable to do so. This is because there is no management control model tailored to them. The current study derived Management Performance Evaluation Indicators (MAPEIs) for small construction firms for measuring the management performance of construction firms with 10 or fewer employees, considering the characteristics of small construction firms. MAPEIs consist of BSC (Balanced Scorecard), performance, and the hierarchy and weighted value of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). After an interview with an expert, based on the management performance indicators of large construction firms, a final hierarchy of small construction firms was constructed through modification and supplementation. The KPIs of the hierarchy were analyzed through a survey using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to finalize MAPEIs for small construction firms in Korea. The final MAPEIs underwent a feasibility evaluation to apply them to real life. It is expected that they can be used as fundamental resources for system development for small construction firm management performance and control. In addition, further studies to resolve the limitations would improve the competitiveness of small construction firms.

Typical crack detection processes in digital images produce a binary-segmented image that constitutes the basis for all of the following analyses. Binary images are, however, an unsatisfactory data format for advanced crack analysis algorithms due to their sparse nature and lack of significant data structuring. Therefore, this work instead proposes a new approach based on Euclidean graphs as functional crack pattern descriptors for all post-detection analyses. Conveying both geometrical and topological information in an integrated representation, Euclidean graphs are an ideal structure for efficient crack path description, as they precisely locate the cracks on the original image and capture salient crack skeleton features. Several Euclidean graph-based algorithms for autonomous crack refining, correlation and analysis are described, with significant advantages in both their capabilities and implementation convenience over the traditional, binary image-based approach. Moreover, Euclidean graphs allow the autonomous selection of specific cracks or crack parts based on objective criteria. Well-known performance metrics, namely precision, recall, intersection over union and F1-score, have been adapted for use with Euclidean graphs. The automated generation of Euclidean graphs from binary-segmented images is also reported, enabling the application of this technique to most existing detection methods (e.g., threshold-based or neural network-based) for cracks and other curvilinear features in digital images.

Personal wearable systems designed to manage temperature and moisture are gaining popularity due to their potential to enhance human thermal comfort, safety, and energy efficiency, particularly in light of climate change and energy shortages. This article presents the mechanisms of thermal and moisture management, recent advances in wearable systems for human thermal and moisture management, and methods for their performance evaluation. It evaluates the pros and cons of various systems. The study finds that most wearable systems for thermal and moisture management are being examined as individual topics. However, human heat and moisture management have noteworthy interactions and impacts on human thermal comfort. There are certain limitations in the methods used for evaluating personal heat and moisture management in wearable systems. This review suggests future research directions for wearable systems to advance this field and overcome these limitations.

In recent years, strategic alliances have seen explosive growth in various practical fields. Various forms of strategic alliances and cooperation models have been widely used among various organizations and have received considerable attention from academic and practical circles. However, there are many factors that affect the success of marketing alliances, and the academic community has not reached a conclusion and consensus. Among them, the establishment and monitoring of a performance evaluation mechanism is one of the key points. In the past, many academic studies have devoted themselves to the establishment of performance evaluation mechanisms for many different industries, but few of them have focused on the establishment of performance evaluation mechanisms for marketing alliances between the service industry and the banking industry. The purpose of this study is to assist in the establishment of performance evaluation indicators for marketing alliance between the catering industry and credit card issuing banks by using expert Delphi, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and balanced scorecard methods. The main result of this study is to establish five key performance evaluation indicators including customer factors, cooperative alliance factors, financial factors, learning and growth factors, and internal process factors. In terms of secondary indicators, there are seven customer sub-factors, six cooperative alliance sub-factors, five financial sub-factors, seven internal processes sub-factors, and five learning and growth sub-factors, totaling 30 sub-factors. The research results can be used as a reference for academic and practical areas.

Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which is designed to facilitate employee well-being by managing their personal work-related issues, plays an important role in human resource management. Yet, the development of EAP has encountered difficulties in the recent decades and one of the key reasons is the lack of a valid instrument to assess its effectiveness. The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument for organizations to evaluate their EAP performance. Drawing on the IPOO (input-process-output-outcome) performance evaluation model, we generate the scale dimensions and items through a multi-method data collection approach, including literature review, panel discussion and a series of qualitative interviews with program practitioners. Then, by surveying EAP practitioners from 135 government units in Taiwan, we confirmed the reliability, content and predictive validity of the instrument which consists of 27 items. There are five dimensions in the instrument, namely resource allocation, management support, plan making, program introduction, and service provision. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at the end.

In order to promote the higher vocational education to serve the national strategy, and thus create a number of high-level vocational schools and core specialties (clusters), Chinese government launched the first round of “Double High-level Plan” project in 2019. As the construction of the first round of “Double High-level Plan” project enters the final acceptance stage, the implementation of “Double High-level Plan” project performance auditing is a key part of passing the “Double High-level Plan” project acceptance. Based on the “5E” theory, this study takes “Double High-level Plan” project as the studying object, discussing the connotation, the content, the construction of performance evaluation indicators system framework, the methodologies of performance auditing, etc., with a view to providing some theoretical and practical guidance for the implementation of the “Double High-level Plan” project performance auditing.According to the education department and the financial department jointly issued the “high level of higher vocational schools and professional construction plan performance management method”, schools should take the initiative to accept education, supervision, disciplinary inspection, financial departments of supervision and inspection, in strict accordance with the law to accept the supervision of the external audit department, after found the problem in time, and full implementation. This plan shows the importance the country attaches to the performance of the “Double High-level Plan” project units, and how to do the relevant work well is an important problem facing the school at present. In the context of the era of big data, the use of big data technology to build the performance auditing mode of data-type “Double High-level Plan” projects should start from the following aspects.

Smart construction is gaining attention as a solution to improve the construction industry’s productivity and safety problems. Although there have been many actions to activate the utilization of smart construction technologies, their effectiveness remains unclear. Diagnosing the current status of the smart construction industry is fundamental, eventually establishing a diagnosis-prescription-improvement virtuous cycle. However, previous attempts for such diagnosis were limited to the confined scope (e.g., major contractors only) and the subjective judgment of technological capacity, primarily caused by the lack of comprehensive background data. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the current status of smart construction in Korea. Specifically, the scope of smart construction technologies was defined. This study then investigated diverse aspects of smart construction, including market trends, technological maturities, research and developments, and site applications. Based on the results, the smart construction technologies were classified into three categories: 1) similar to the global trends; 2) lacking; and 3) leading in the domestic markets. The directions for future studies were also suggested to develop a performance evaluation indicator for smart construction to understand trends and capacities in time. The study results will provide policymakers and practitioners with background information to establish strategies for advancing smart construction in Korea.

Sewage treatment plants are essential in improving the quality of receiving water bodies, contributing to healthy and sustainable urban development. The increasingly common public-private partnership (PPP) model of sewage treatment facilities may not yield the expected benefits, often compromised by inadequacies in the complex operation-maintenance stage. Holistic criteria and methods to define and judge a plant’s performance are lacking. To fill the knowledge gap, this study established a performance evaluation system applicable to the critical operation-maintenance stage of China’s PPP sewage-treatment industry. First, the range of quantitative and qualitative indicators was surveyed by literature review, and an appropriate subset was selected according to expert judgment. Second, the multilevel extension principle of matter-element analysis was combined with the analytic hierarchy process to determine the performance level and establish a comprehensive, efficient and practical evaluation system. The proposed method was tested on two PPP plants to confirm its applicability and reliability in assessing operation-maintenance functions. The study identified the diagnostic criteria to refine the design, operation and maintenance parameters to optimize plant performance. The findings provided an assured and comprehensive quality control scheme and a practical tool for governments and other parties to assess the service delivery quality of PPP plants.

[Purpose/Significance] By building a new model of influencing factors of E-resource performance evaluation and quantifying the influence path weight coefficient of each factor, the purpose of this study is to optimize the performance evaluation system of electronic resources, establish an improved and reasonable resource evaluation weight scale system, and promote the efficient and reasonable procurement of electronic resources in libraries. [Method/Process] Based on two important evaluation systems, EQUINOX and ARL E-metrics, the resource transmission system around and based on the performance evaluation of electronic resources is established, and the measurement dimensions of influencing factors and performance evaluation are defined and refined; the influencing factors model of E-resource performance evaluation is constructed by empirical analysis and the path weights of influencing factors are quantified. [Results/Conclusions] The influencing factors of E-resource performance evaluation are studied and verified, and a more scientific and comprehensive model of influencing factors of Eresource performance evaluation in libraries is constructed, and the suggestions for improving performance evaluation are put forward.